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    Tytuł:
    Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviors of Aged Ti-4Mo-4Cr-X (X = Sn, V, Zr) Alloys for Metallic Biomaterials
    Autorzy:
    Lee, Kwangmin
    Lee, Gunhee
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    beta Ti-alloy
    metallic biomaterials
    aging
    potentiodynamic polarization
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of beta type aged Ti-4Mo-4Cr-X (X = V, Sn, Zr) quaternary alloy for use as a cardiovascular stent. Titanium (Ti) alloys were fabricated using a vacuum arc remelting furnace process. To homogenize the specimens of each composition and remove the micro segregation, all cast specimens were subjected to homogenization at 850°C for 4 h, which was 100°C higher than the β-transus temperature of 750°C. The tensile strength and elongation of the aged Ti-4Mo-4Cr-X (X = V, Sn, Zr) alloys were increased as compared to the homogenized alloys. In addition, many α/β interface boundaries formed after aging treatment at 450°C, which acted as inhibitors of strain and caused an increase in tensile strength. The elongation of Ti-4Mo-4Cr-X alloys consisting of α + β phases after aging treatment was improved by greater than 30%. Results of a potentiodynamic polarization test showed that the lowest current density of Ti-4Mo-4Cr-4Sn with1.05 × 10-8 A/cm2 was obtained. The present Ti-4Mo-4Cr-X alloys showed better corrosion characteristics as compared to the 316L stainless steel and L605 (Co-Cr alloy) cardiovascular stent alloys.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1297-1301
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odporność korozyjna stopu Co-Cr-W-Ni (L605) w wybranych płynach fizjologicznych
    Corrosion resistance of Co-Cr-W-Ni (L605) alloy in simulated body fluids
    Autorzy:
    Kajzer, W.
    Marciniak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
    Tematy:
    biomateriały metalowe
    odporność korozyjna
    implanty
    metallic biomaterials
    corrosion resistance
    implants
    Źródło:
    Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, no. 77-80; 76-79
    1429-7248
    Pojawia się w:
    Engineering of Biomaterials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odporność korozyjna stopu Co-Cr-W-Ni (L605) w wybranych płynach fizjologicznych
    Corrosion resistance of Co-Cr-W-Ni (L605) alloy in simulated body fluids
    Autorzy:
    Kajzer, W.
    Marciniak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286243.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
    Tematy:
    odporność korozyjna
    implanty
    biomateriały metalowe
    corrosion resistance
    implants
    metallic biomaterials
    Źródło:
    Engineering of Biomaterials; 2009, 12, no. 89-91; 241-243
    1429-7248
    Pojawia się w:
    Engineering of Biomaterials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Used for Medical Implants
    Autorzy:
    Szewczenko, J.
    Marciniak, J.
    Kajzer, W.
    Kajzer, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    metallic biomaterials
    titanium alloys
    corrosion resistance
    mechanical processing
    anodic oxidation
    Opis:
    The study presents the results of investigations of modeling the usable properties of implant surfaces made of Ti6Al7Nb alloy, using the example of a dynamic hip screw (DHS) applied in surgical treatment of intertrochanteric femoral neck fractures. Numerical simulation has been performed for the model load of femoral fixation with DHS screw. The load simulation results provided the basis to select mechanical properties of the fixator elements and to define those fixation areas which are mostly susceptible to development of corrosion. The surfaces of Ti6Al7Nb alloy were ground, vibro-abrasive machined, mechanically polished, sandblasted, anode oxidized at different voltage values and steam sterilized. Results of surface topography evaluation, resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion as well as degradation kinetics of the outer layer were presented. Usability of the formed passive layer in clinical applications was evaluated through wear and corrosion tests of the femoral fixation model. The test results proved usefulness of the proposed surface modification methods for clinical application of different size and shape implants.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 695-700
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental biomechanical assessment of plate stabilizers for treatment of pectus excavatum
    Autorzy:
    Kajzer, A.
    Kajzer, W.
    Gzik-Zroska, B.
    Wolański, W.
    Janicka, I.
    Dzielicki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307022.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    biomechanical characteristics
    metallic biomaterials
    plate stabilizers
    pectus excavatum
    biomechanika
    biomateriały
    stabilizator
    Opis:
    The paper discusses results of experimental research involving new generation of plate stabilizers used for the treatment of deformation of the front chest wall. Previous clinical monitoring revealed instances of minimal rotation, which caused destabilization of the anastomosis and pain in patients. In order to prevent this, transverse stabilizing plates were introduced to the structure of the stabilizer. The new structure of stabilizers was tested using two specially prepared research posts: 1 – which enables fastening of the plate stabilizers to a platform simulating human ribs, 2 – using a pig chest, to which plates were fastened according to the stabilization conditions in the stabilizer–chest structure. The tests recorded displacement values in selected areas of the plates in response to applied loading forces.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2013, 15, 3; 113-121
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odporność korozyjna stentów naczyniowych z biomateriałów metalowych
    Corrosion resistance of vascular stents made of metallic biomaterials
    Autorzy:
    Walke, W.
    Jurkiewicz, W.
    Paszenda, Z.
    Pochrząst, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283984.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
    Tematy:
    stenty naczyniowe
    biomateriały metalowe
    odporność korozyjna
    vascular stents
    metallic biomaterials
    corrosion resistance
    Źródło:
    Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, no. 77-80; 43-45
    1429-7248
    Pojawia się w:
    Engineering of Biomaterials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Technological capabilities of surface layers formation on implant made of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy
    Autorzy:
    Kiel-Jamrozik, M.
    Szewczenko, J.
    Basiaga, M.
    Nowińska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306377.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    odporność korozyjna
    infiltracja
    stop tytanu
    biomateriały
    corrosion resistance
    ion infiltration
    metallic biomaterials
    surface modification
    titanium alloys
    Opis:
    Purpose: The aim of the presented research was to find a combination of surface modification methods of implants made of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, that lead to formation of effective barrier for metallic ions that may infiltrate into solution. Methods: To this end, the following tests were carried out: roughness measurement, the voltamperometric tests (potentiodynamic and potentiostatic), and the ion infiltration test. Results: The electropolishing process resulted in the lowering of surface roughness in comparison with mechanical treatment of the surface layer. The anodization process and steam sterilization increased corrosion resistance regardless of the mechanical treatment or electropolishing. The crevice corrosion tests revealed that independent of the modification method applied, the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy has excellent crevice corrosion resistance. The smallest quantity of ions infiltrated to the solution was observed for surface modification consisting in the mechanical treatment and anodization with the potential of 97 V. Conclusions: Electric parameters determined during studies were the basis for effectiveness estimation of particular surface treatment methods. The research has shown that the anodization process significantly influences the pitting corrosion resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy independent of the previous surface treatment methods (mechanical and electrochemical). The surface layer after such modification is a protective barrier for metallic ions infiltrated to solution and protects titanium alloy against corrosive environment influence.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2015, 17, 1; 31-37
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potential activation of the immune system on metallic materials for bone implants
    Autorzy:
    Stranavova, L.
    Bacakova, M.
    Novotna, K.
    Bacakova, L.
    Fencl, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285314.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
    Tematy:
    bone implants
    metallic materials
    biomaterials
    Opis:
    Titanium and stainless steel are metallic materials that have been in use for a long time in orthopedics, traumatology and stomatology. These metals are strong, corrosion-resistant and biocompatible. However, metallic materials have some disadvantages in comparison with the natural bone, particularly their relatively high specific weight and toughness. For example, the Young's modulus of AISI316L stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, i.e. materials frequently used for implantation into bone, ranges between 110-220 GPa, while the Young's modulus of bone tissue is 10-40 GPa [1]. In addition, these metals can release cytotoxic, allergenic and immunogenic ions, which can affect their biocompatibility [2, 3]. Implantation is a special type of transplantation process, in which the implant is inserted into the body, usually in order to replace an irreversibly damaged tissue. However, the immune system recognizes the implant as a foreign substance and attacks it with its effector mechanisms. Just as it can reject other types of transplants, the immune system can reject an artificial implant. To prevent rejection of an implant, it is important to study the potential activation of the immune system. This study has investigated the biocompatibility of samples made of pure titanium (according to quality standard ISO 5832-2) and corrosion-resistant steel (quality standards ISO 5832-1 and AISI 316L), obtained from Beznoska Ltd. (Kladno, Czech Republic), and the potential activation of the immune system by these materials. In addition to Fe, the steel samples contained C (max. 0.025 wt.%), Si (0.6 wt.%), Mn (1.7 wt.%), P (max. 0.025wt.%), S (max. 0.003 wt.%), Cr (17.5 wt.%), Ni (13.5 wt.%), Mo (2.8 wt.%), and Cu (max. 0.1 wt. %). The materials were used in the form of square samples (9x9 mm or 30x30 mm, thick¬ness 1 mm). Both the Ti samples and the steel samples were ground with SiO2. The surface of the steel samples was then treated by polishing with Al2O3 paste (grain size up to 1 um), while the surface of the Ti samples, i.e. a material not suitable for polishing, was finished by brushing using another type of Al2O3 paste with slightly larger grains. Thus, the surface of the steel samples was finally smoother and glossy, while the Ti surface was rougher and matte. For the in vitro biocompatibility tests, human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, UK) were used. The smaller samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 25 000 cells (approx. 14 150 cells/cm2) and 1.5 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM; Sigma, USA, Cat. No. 10270-106) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Cat. No. 10270-106) and gentamicin (40 /jg/ml, LEK, Slovenia). These samples were used for evaluating the size of the cell spreading area (day 1), and for evaluating cell shape and cell viability (days 1, 4 and 7 after seeding). The size of the cell spreading area was measured using Atlas Software (Tescan Ltd., Brno, Czech Republic). The viability of the cells was determined by the LIVE/ DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit for mammalian cells (Invitrogen, Molecular Probes, USA). The larger samples (30x30 mm) were inserted into GAMA polystyrene dishes (diameter 5 cm; GAMA Group Joint-Stock Company, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic) and seeded with 300 000 cells/dish (approx. 15 300 cells/cm2) suspended in 9 ml of the above mentioned culture medium. These samples were used for evaluating the cell number on days 1, 4 and 7 after seeding, using a Beckman Vi-CELL XR Cell Analyser automatic cell counter. For the in vitro analysis of markers of osteogenic differentiation and cell immune activation, human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, UK) were used. The samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 25 000 cells (approx. 14 150 cells/cm2) and 1.5 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM; Sigma, USA, Cat. No. 10270-106) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Cat. No. 10270-106) and gentamicin (40 jg/ml, LEK, Slovenia). The cells were cultured for 1, 4, or 7 days at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% of CO2 in the air. On day 4 after seeding, the medium was changed; one half of the samples contained standard medium DMEM with 10% foetal bovine serum and gentamicin (40 jg/ml) mentioned above, and the second half contained osteogenic medium, i.e. the standard medium further supplemented with ß-glycerophosphate, L-glutamin, ascorbic acid, dihydroxyvitamin D3, dexamethason, 10% foetal bovine serum and gentamicin (40 jg/ml). Using an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), we measured the concentration of the Inter¬cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1, a marker of cell immune activation) and osteocalcin (a marker of osteogenic cell differentiation). These measurements were performed in homogenates of cells on days 4 and 7 after seeding, and the concentration of both markers was measured per cell or per mg of protein. On day 7, the amount of osteocalcin was measured and compared in cells cultured in the standard and osteogenic media. We also measured TNF-а and IL- 1ß, i.e. other markers of cell immune activation. These cytokines are important mediators of the inflammatory response, and they are involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation and differentiation. We measured the secretion of these markers into the cell culture medium in murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA). The samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Tra- sadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 30,000 (approx. 16 980 cells/cm2) cells and 1.5 ml of the culture medium. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma; 10% fetal bovine serum, 40 jg/mL gentamicin). After 7 days of cultivation, the cell culture medium was collected and used for measuring the concentration of TNF-а and IL-1ß by a sandwich ELISA using commercially available kits. A mouse TNF-а kit and an IL- 1ß Quantikine ELISA kit were used for the RAW 264.7 cells. Both kits were purchased from R and D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) and used according to the manufacturer's protocol. The results indicated that the number of initially adhering MG 63 cells on day 1 after seeding was significantly lower on the titanium (5320±390 cells/cm2) and on the stainless steel (4110±370 cells/cm2) than on the control polystyrene culture dishes (7740±350 cells/cm2). However, on day 4 after seeding, the cell population density on both metallic materials became significantly higher than on the control polystyrene dishes (75200±2890 cells/cm2 on Ti and 90 870±2350 cells/cm2 on steel vs. 56440±1180 cells/cm2 on polystyrene). This suggests faster cell proliferation on both metallic materials than on polystyrene. At the same time, the cell number on the stainless steel samples was significantly higher than on the Ti samples. On day 7, the differences in the number of adhered cells on the two metals and on the control polystyrene substrate was on an average similar (from 328780±680 cells/cm2 to 362200±760 cells/cm2). The cell viability on all tested materials was almost 100% in all culture intervals. The morphology of the cells adhered on the studied materials was similar to the morphology of the cells on the control polystyrene dishes, i.e. the cells were mostly flat and polygonal, and the size of their cell spreading areas was similar on all tested materials. The cells were distributed homogeneously on the entire material surface, and on day 4 they started to form confluent cell layers. On day 4, we measured the amount of ICAM-1 by the ELISA test. This immunoglobulin molecule is typically expressed on cells of the immune system, but it is also expressed on other cell types, including MG 63, during their immune activation, e.g. by an artificial growth support. In this case, ICAM-1 molecules on cells are bound byß2-integrin receptors on inflammatory cells (for a review, see [4]). Surprisingly, titanium seemed to be more immunogenic than stainless steel, which was indicated by a higher concentration of ICAM-1 per cell and mg of protein in cells on day 4 after seeding. However, on day 7, there was no difference between the concentrations of ICAM-1 per cell and mg of protein in cells on titanium and on stainless steel. The second molecule that we measured was osteocalcin, a calcium-binding extracellular matrix glycoprotein, an important marker of the bone formation process. The concentration of osteocalcin on day 4 in the standard culture medium was higher in MG 63 cells on the titanium and stainless steel than on the control polystyrene samples. This could be explained by the fact that the metals are harder than polystyrene. It is known that harder substrates promote osteogenic cell differentiation, while softer substrates direct the cell differentiation towards neural or muscle phenotype [5]. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation was further supported by the osteogenic medium, as indicated by a higher concentration of osteocalcin in cells grown in this medium compared to cells in the standard medium on day 7 after seeding. On day 7 after seeding murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells on the tested materials, the concentration of TNF-а in the culture medium ranged on an average from 57.10 to 79.39 pg per 2000000 cells. The concentration of TNF-а in the medium from Ti and Fe was significantly higher than in the medium from the control polystyrene dishes. The highest value (79.39 pg/2000000 cells) was found in the medium taken from RAW264.7 cells on Ti. The second molecule that we tested was IL-1ß. No significant differences in the concentration of IL-1ß were detected in the culture medium obtained from RAW264.7 cells on all tested materials. In other words, neither type of metallic material, i.e. Ti and Fe, evoked significantly higher production of IL-1ß by RAW 264.7 cells than standard polystyrene cell culture dishes. It can be concluded that the tests of biocompatibility and immune activation confirmed that titanium and stainless are promising for construction of bone implants and for good integration with the surrounding bone tissue.
    Źródło:
    Engineering of Biomaterials; 2012, 15, no. 116-117 spec. iss.; 130-131
    1429-7248
    Pojawia się w:
    Engineering of Biomaterials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of mechanical damage on corrosion resistance of plates used in funnel chest treatment
    Autorzy:
    Krauze, A.
    Kajzer, W.
    Dzielicki, J.
    Marciniak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/333157.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Informatyki i Nauki o Materiałach. Instytut Informatyki. Zakład Systemów Komputerowych
    Tematy:
    stopy metali
    biomateriały
    uszkodzenie powierzchni
    korozja
    metallic alloys
    biomaterials
    surface damage
    corrosion
    Opis:
    The paper presents influence of mechanical surface damage on corrosion resistance of plates made of Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel, used in funnel chest treatment. The surface of the steel was electrochemically polished and fitted. The surface damage is induced in the given deformation regions and is a potential reason of corrosion. The corrosion tests were realised by recording of anodic polarization curves with the use of the potentio-dynamic method. The VoltaLab® PGP 201 system for electrochemical tests was applied. Additionally, the tests showed that the structure of the steel the plates were made of, met the PN-ISO 5832-1 standard. On the basis of the obtained results it can be stated that that stainless steel can be applied in funnel chest treatment.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies; 2006, 10; 133-141
    1642-6037
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena stanu biżuterii metalicznej z powłoką węglową w badaniach in vivo
    Evaluation of the surface of metallic jewellery with carbon coating after in vivo test
    Autorzy:
    Bociąga, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285421.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
    Tematy:
    jubilerskie tworzywa metaliczne
    biomateriały
    powłoki węglowe
    badania in vivo
    jewellery metallic materials
    biomaterials
    carbon coatings
    in vivo investigation
    Opis:
    Tworzywa metaliczne stanowią szeroką gamę produktów, które służą człowiekowi w każdym aspekcie życia. Odpowiednie właściwości biologiczne oraz optymalne parametry biomechaniczne sprawiają, iż tworzywa metaliczne są wciąż bardzo szeroko stosowane. Są to nie tylko wyroby o charakterze mechanicznym. Równie istotne są te wykorzystywane na biomateriały, które posiadają zespół cech zapewniających im jak największą biozgodność i biofunkcjonalność. To właśnie z biomateriałów wykonuje się produkty, z którymi organizm ludzki ma kontakt bezpośredni, takie jak: implanty medyczne, narzędzia chirurgiczne, czy wyroby jubilerskie, które bardzo powszechnie ozdabiają niemal każdą część ludzkiego ciała. Biżuteria przeznaczona do zdobienia ciała to szczególny rodzaj tworzyw metalicznych.Ozdoby, będące wyrobami metalicznymi, mają bezpośredni kontakt z żywą tkanką. Stanowią zatem swego rodzaju biomateriały, które powinny spełniać wymogi im adekwatne. Jednak wstępne badania i doniesienia literaturowe wskazują, że nawet biomateriały, powszechnie uważane za nietoksyczne i bezpieczne dla organizmu, mogą uwalniać jony pierwiastków składowych podłoża, wpływając na utrudniony proces gojenia się ran, inicjując odczyny alergiczne, mogą także odkładać się w narządach wewnętrznych (metaloza) a przez to prowadzić do upośledzenia czynności komórek organizmu. Niniejsza praca jest krótkim przeglądem stanu wiedzy w zakresie wyrobów jubilerskich używanych do zabiegów zdobienia ciała oraz weryfikacją oddziaływania organizmu żywego na ozdoby z tworzyw metalicznych z powierzchnią modyfikowaną powłokami węglowymi.
    The metallic materials make a wide spectrum of products, which are useful for people in any aspect of life. Suitable biological properties and optimal biomechanical parameters make, that metallic materials are still very broadly applied. Those are not only mechanical products. Also these, which are used as a biomaterials, are very important for the sake of biocompatibility and bio-functionality. Articles staying in a direct contact with living organism, like for example: medical implants, surgical tools or jewellery, which decorates almost each part of human body, should be made of biomaterials. Jewellery is a special kind of metallic materials. They have a contact with tissues and thus constitute a special kind of biomaterials, which should fulfil the requirements adequate for them. The preliminary research and literature reports show that even biomaterials, generally pointed as non-toxic and safe, can release ions of background‘s elements and thus influence the wound healing process making it more difficult, initiate the allergic response or cause the metalosis. Present work is a short review of state of the art in the range of jewellery being in use as materials for body modification procedures. It is also a verification of interaction between living organism and metallic materials with carbon coating on the surface.
    Źródło:
    Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, 76; 28-32
    1429-7248
    Pojawia się w:
    Engineering of Biomaterials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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