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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 797
Tytuł:
On uniqueness of G-measures and g-measures
Autorzy:
Hua Fan, Ai
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1287544.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
G-measures
g-measures
ergodic measures
Riesz products
quasi-invariance
dimension of measures
Opis:
We give a simple proof of the sufficiency of a log-lipschitzian condition for the uniqueness of G-measures and g-measures which were studied by G. Brown, A. H. Dooley and M. Keane. In the opposite direction, we show that the lipschitzian condition together with positivity is not sufficient. In the special case where the defining function depends only upon two coordinates, we find a necessary and sufficient condition. The special case of Riesz products is discussed and the Hausdorff dimension of Riesz products is calculated.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1996, 119, 3; 255-269
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From duration analysis to GARCH models – An approach to systematization of quantitative methods in risk measurement
Autorzy:
Krzysztof, Jajuga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
risk measures
extreme risk
model risk
volatility measures
sensitivity measures
Opis:
The development of scientific research has led to the very dynamic growth of methods in the area of financial risk management. This refers particularly to risk measures in which quantitative methods are applied. The paper provides a discussion on a systematization of different risk measures proposed in scientific literature and used in practice. There are four criteria proposed in the paper. The first is the concept of risk applied by distinguishing negative and neutral concept. The second criterion is the character of the risk variable, either discrete or continuous . The third criterion makes the distinction between high frequency, low severity events, corresponding to standard (normal) type of risk, and low frequency, high severity events, corresponding to extreme risk. Finally the fourth criterion distinguishes between the risk variable expressed in monetary values and risk variable expressed in time units. Using these criteria the most common groups of risk measures are discussed. The final part of the paper gives a synthetic discussion on model risk which is a risk resulting from the erratic model used in a real world. In the paper three main sources of model risk are presented and the methods to evaluate model risk are given.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2016, 2(16), 3
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How objective are subjective measures of organizational innovativeness, really?
Autorzy:
Klimas, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
measures of innovativeness
subjective measures
objective measures
organizational innovativeness
aviation
Opis:
Purpose: This paper aims to match subjective and objective measures of organizational innovativeness and test correlative relationship between the two. Methodology: The research adopts a quantitative approach, and applies correlation analysis to identify interdependencies. The study has been done in the aviation industry, as organizational innovativeness has so far been described especially in high-tech industries – however it has not been investigated within aviation industry yet. Findings: The results show that the discussions over reliability of research based on subjective measurements techniques are not unfounded. The evidence suggests that subjective measures are not correlated with objective measures, and the outcomes of third-party investigations differ considerably. Therefore decisions about measurements techniques should be deliberate, thought out, theoretically grounded and justified. In general, methodological recommendations provided by this paper could be boiled down to the ascertainment that accurate and reliable assessment of organizational innovativeness should use a set of objective measures addressing all stages of the innovation process. Originality: It should be noted that this study was restricted to only one industry and prone to some common bias. The aviation industry sample was relatively small and purposefully selected, disallowing conclusive statements made outside of this empirical setting. However despite the limitations this paper provides some significant contribution to evaluation and research on innovativeness. It compares two approaches to measurement and empirically proves which approach is more suitable in case of such a highly innovation-intensive sector like aviation. Moreover, it introduces a new in Polish research tool for subjective assessment of organizational innovativeness namely the questionnaire developed by Wang and Ahmed (2004).
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2014, 22, 2; 30-45
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Visualization support for the analysis of properties of interestingness measures
Autorzy:
Susmaga, R.
Szczęch, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
visualization
interestingness measures
confirmation measures
properties of confirmation measures
wizualizacja
pomiary
właściwości pomiarów
Opis:
The paper considers a particular group of rule interestingness measures, called Bayesian confirmation measures, which have become the subject of numerous, but often exclusively theoretical studies. To assist and enhance their analysis in real-life situations, where time constraints may impede conducting such time consuming procedures, a visual technique has been introduced and described in this paper. It starts with an exhaustive and non-redundant set of contingency tables, which consists of all possible tables having the same number of observations. These data, originally 4-dimensional, may, owing to an inherent constraint, be effectively represented as a 3-dimensional tetrahedron, while an additional, scalar function of the data (e.g. a confirmation measure) may be rendered using colour. Dedicated analyses of particular colour patterns on this tetrahedron allow to promptly perceive particular properties of the visualized measures. To illustrate the introduced technique, a set of 12 popular confirmation measures has been selected and visualized. Additionally, a set of 9 popular properties has been chosen and the visual interpretations of the measures in terms of the properties have been presented.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 1; 315-327
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Selected Approaches to Clustering Categorical Variables
Autorzy:
Šulc, Zdeněk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
variable clustering
nominal variables
association measures
similarity measures.
Opis:
This paper focuses on recently proposed similarity measures and their performance in categorical variable clustering. It compares clustering results using three recently developed similarity measures (IOF, OF and Lin measures) with results obtained using two association measures for nominal variables (Cramér’s V and the uncertainty coefficient) and with the simple matching coefficient (the overlap measure). To eliminate the influence of a particular linkage method on the structure of final clusters, three linkage methods are examined (complete, single, average). The created groups (clusters) of variables can be considered as the basis for dimensionality reduction, e.g. by choosing one of the variables from a given group as a representative for the whole group. The quality of resulting clusters is evaluated by the within-cluster variability, expressed by the WCM coefficient, and by dendrogram analysis. The examined similarity measures are compared and evaluated using two real data sets from a social survey.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2014, 15, 4; 591-610
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Draft Law on civil protection and the state of natural disaster – constitutional analysis
Autorzy:
Lisiecka, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
extraordinary measures
state of natural disaster
extra-constitutional extraordinary measures
Opis:
This article aims to analyse the reforms provided for in the draft Law on civil protection and the state of natural disaster and to assess them in terms of the paradigm of extraordinary measures. The research methodology is based on analysis of the provisions of the Constitution and ordinary statutes and a review of literature, including the historical-descriptive method analysis concerning the documentation of the legislative process. The research leads to a negative assessment of the Draft. The drafters' failures concerning the definiteness of the proposed regulations, blurring the dichotomous division into an extraordinary measure and normal functioning of the State, and excessive interference in the independence of local self-government are revealed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2022, 26, 4; 71-77
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Young measures and their applications in micromechanics and optimization. I. Mathematical principles.
Autorzy:
Bielski, W.
Kruglenko, E.
Telega, J. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Young measures, optimization
Opis:
Artykuł nie zawiera streszczenia
The paper is a review of modern mathematical methods for the analysis of continuous problems of nonlinear mechanics and magnetism. The bibliography contains 175 items. The second part of the paper deals with mechanical problems described by nonconvex density energy functions and with numerical methods to solve such problems.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 2003, 31, 45/04
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Visualization of linear ordering results for metric data with the application of multidimensional scaling
Wizualizacja wyników porządkowania liniowego dla danych metrycznych z wykorzystaniem skalowania wielowymiarowego
Autorzy:
Walesiak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
linear ordering
multidimensional scaling
distance measures
composite measures
R environment
Opis:
The article discusses the two-step research procedure allowing the visualization of linear ordering results for metric data. In the first step, as a result of the application of multidimensional scaling (see [Borg, Groenen 2005; Mair et al. 2016]) the visualization of objects in two-dimensional space is obtained. In the next step, the linear ordering of a set of objects is carried out based on the Euclidean distance from the pattern (ideal) object. The suggested approach expanded the possibilities for the interpretation of the linear ordering results of a set of objects. The article applies the concept of isoquants and the path of development (the shortest way connecting a pattern and an anti-pattern object) proposed by [Hellwig 1981]. The graphical presentation of the linear ordering results based on this concept was possible for two variables only. The application of multidimensional scaling expanded the applicability of the results of linear ordering visualization for m variables. The suggested approach is illustrated by an empirical example with the application of R environment script.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2016, 2 (52); 9-21
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ANIMAL-BASED MEASURES: A STEP TOWARDS RIGHTS FOR FARM ANIMALS?
Autorzy:
LUCASSEN, SACHA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
animal welfare
animal rights
animal-based measures
resource-based measures
Opis:
While more than ever we are discussing animal rights and considering the possibility to extend the circle of our moral consideration, we are also more than ever inflicting suffering on more animals than in any time in history. This is especially the case for farm animals. This article aims to demonstrate that introducing animal-based measures into the legal system can be a practical and realistic step towards changing the familiar perspective of farm animals as mere commodities into the sentient beings they are. Currently, legislation on farm animals builds on what are called resource-based measures. These measures are not based on the animals but on their environment and the conditions in which the animals are living. They are very compatible with the legal system being relatively easy to assess, less subjective and highly repeatable. However, compliance with resource-based measures does not always mean good animal welfare, since these measures are generally considered to be less well correlated to the experiences of the animal. Animal-based measures, on the other hand, measure the state of the animal based on the actual animal, its behaviour (e.g. repetitive behaviour, human-animal relationship) and/or appearance (posture, facial expression, body condition). A change where laws on animals actually require looking at the animals has the potential to improve the relationship to the animals and is an essential shift towards farm animals being regarded as someone and not something. By acknowledging animals as whole sentient beings, we do not just see a complex system of ‘behaviours’ (e.g. walking), but first and foremost we see a “behaver”, a dynamic living being, whose movements are always meaningful and psychological expressive. In conclusion, animal-based measures force us to look at animals and recognize that they are able to feel pain, love, joy, loneliness and fear. Implementing animal-based measures for farm animals makes us, in a practical and realistic way, take those animals that are mostly considered as mere commodities, into our moral consideration, and unveils aspects of their sentience, which are currently hidden by the law.
Źródło:
Society Register; 2019, 3, 3; 159-166
2544-5502
Pojawia się w:
Society Register
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conical measures and properties of a vector measure determined by its range
Autorzy:
Rodríguez-Piazza, L.
Romero-Moreno, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1219104.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
vector measures
range
conical measures
operator ideal norms
Pettis integral
Opis:
We characterize some properties of a vector measure in terms of its associated Kluvánek conical measure. These characterizations are used to prove that the range of a vector measure determines these properties. So we give new proofs of the fact that the range determines the total variation, the σ-finiteness of the variation and the Bochner derivability, and we show that it also determines the (p,q)-summing and p-nuclear norm of the integration operator. Finally, we show that Pettis derivability is not determined by the range and study when every measure having the same range of a given measure has a Pettis derivative.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1997, 125, 3; 255-270
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O nowych miarach zaawansowania procesu starzenia się ludności
ON NEW MEASURES OF THE POPULATION AGEING PROCESS
Autorzy:
Abramowska-Kmon, Anita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
population ageing
conventional measures of population ageing
alternative measures of population ageing
Opis:
The main aim of the article was to review measures of the population ageing process. In the first part, traditional (conventional) measures of population ageing are presented (i.e. old-age rate, median age, ageing index, dependency ratios, potential support ratio, parent support ratio). These measures are based on chronological age and give a coherent picture of population ageing. However, they do not take into account changes in life expectancy. In other words, they are based on the assumption that a 65-year-old person in 2000 is considered to be just as old as a 65-year-old person in 1900. But the probability of surviving in these two years is different: the remaining life expectancy at age 65 was much higher in 2000 than in 1900. Therefore, the second part of the article presents the new (alternative) measures of population ageing, which are adjusted to life expectancy. In particular, it describes the following measures: proportion of the population in age groups that have a remaining life expectancy of 15 years or less (Prop. RLE15-), prospective median age, population average remaining years of life, and prospective old-age dependency ratio. In the last section, the results of a comparison between conventional and alternative measures are presented. The new measures indicate a slower pace of population ageing in the future than the traditional ones. Thus, the measures recommended for designing governmental programmes aimed at the elderly are the new measures, which take into account life expectancy.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2011, 1(159); 3-22
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STOSOWANIA ŚRODKÓW ZABEZPIECZAJĄCYCH PO ORZECZENIU KARY I ŚRODKÓW KARNYCH
PROTECTIVE MEASURES APPLICABLE AFTER PENAL AND PUNITIVE MEASURES
Autorzy:
Góralski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
protective measures
punitive measures
legal sanctions
środki zabezpieczające
środki karne
sankcje karne
Opis:
The paper discusses the issue of admissibility and advisability of combining, within criminal code regulations, selected types of protective measures with penalties and punitive measures in a follow-up manner, i.e. after the application of penalties or punitive measures. The first issue considered is the application of protective measures after serving an imprisonment sentence. The author suggests that medicinal protective measures be systematically applied before the period of imprisonment in the case of sexual offenders. Following the imprisonment penalty, some other, non-medicinal protective measures should be applied. Another issue discussed in the paper is the possibility of applying non-isolation protective measures after the application of punitive measures and a proposed change within that area.
W artykule autor omawia kwestię dopuszczalności i celowości łączenia w przepisach kodeksu karnego stosowania określonych rodzajów środków zabezpieczających z karami i środkami karnymi w sposób następczy, to jest po uprzednim wykonaniu kar lub środków karnych. W tym zakresie omówiono najpierw zagadnienie realizowania środków zabezpieczających po wykonaniu kary pozbawienia wolności. Autor proponuje, aby lecznicze środki zabezpieczające były konsekwentnie realizowane przed wykonaniem kary pozbawienia wolności – na przykład w przypadku sprawców przestępstw seksualnych. Po wykonaniu kary pozbawienia wolności powinny być realizowane nowe środki zabezpieczające o charakterze nieleczniczym. Drugim zagadnieniem omówionym w artykule jest możliwość stosowania nieizolacyjnych środków zabezpieczających po wykonaniu wobec sprawcy przestępstwa środków karnych i propozycje zmian w tym zakresie.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2012, 74, 2; 59-70
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reforma czy rewolucja? Nowy kształt środków zabezpieczających
Autorzy:
Piotr, Kładoczny,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
protective measures
Penal Code
amendment
guaranteeing function
proportionality
punitive measures
punishment
addiction
disorder
perpetrator
psychiatric facility
postpenal measures
Opis:
The Act of 20 February 2015 amending the Penal Code and certain other acts introduced a completely new model of protective measures (środki zabezpieczające). The article contains a critical analysis of the principles that lay at the foundation of the legislator’s move to create the current solutions, namely wide application of non-custodial protective measures, execution of those measures only after the execution of the imprisonment sentence and application of protective measures to convicts sentenced to non-custodial punishment. The author also analyses the consequences of applying these principles in particular provisions and the controversy concerning the compliance of the new normative solutions with the Constitution. The author also points to the doubts whether the advantages of extending the application of protective measures will balance the weakening of the guaranteeing function of criminal law.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 65; 175-188
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Sentencing System in the Albanian Criminal Code and the Demand for Special Tretament of Juveniles
Autorzy:
Xhafo, Jola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Sentencing system
Sentence of imprisonment
Special treatment
Alternative measures
Educational measures
Opis:
Juveniles are subject to a cognitive process and growth, where the physical, intellectual, emotional and personality are still in phase of development phase. As a result, they enjoy a special status which arises the demand for their specialized treatment. The status as a minor in criminal matters raises the need to create a system consisting of different rules, which should take into consideration the physical and psychological peculiarities of the child and his educational needs. This system should be oriented towards the goal of juvenile education, rehabilitation and development, goal which can be successfully implemented only if it is reflected in the nature and types of sanctions applied to juveniles. In the application of sanctions it should be taken into consideration the need for education, assistance and welfare of the juvenile. Prison sentence and other similar measures should be considered as a last resort and used in order to reduce only when other forms of treatment do not comply with the personality of the offender and the seriousness of the offense. Priority should be given to educational and non-institutional measures. These requirements impose the necessity of legal interventions in the system of sanctions to address the needs for special treatment in accordance with the personality of the children and their individual needs for education. This paper aims at a critical analysis of the sentencing system provided in the Criminal Code, in the focus of the standards set by the international instruments which safeguard in a special manner the juvenile as a criminal offender. Through the analysis of legal provisions as well as referring to the juridical doctrine and court jurisprudence, there will be evidenced some issues related to the special treatment of juvenile criminal offenders in the field of the system of sentencing. After a detailed analysis, there will be provided conclusions and concrete recommendations on the current stage of the sentencing system, its’ compliance with the need for special treatment of juvenile criminal offenders, the need for improvement as well as the concrete legal initiatives to be adopted.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2012, 06; 47-61
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miary w Królestwie Polskim na początku XX wieku
Autorzy:
Barański, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1425728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Miar
Tematy:
historia Głównego Urzędu Miar
historia miar
Izba Miar
history of the Central Office of Measures
history measures
Chamber of Measures
Opis:
Historiografia metrologii polskiej niewiele miejsca poświęca dziejom Piątej (warszawskiej) Izby Miar i Wag, co najwyżej odnotowuje jej istnienie. Niechęć podejmowania tematu przez autorów okresu międzywojnia wynikała z ahistoryczności (jeszcze wówczas) tego okresu oraz z obsesyjnej negacji wszystkiego, co było narzucone społeczeństwu polskiemu przez instytucje zaborcy. Dziś, patrząc z perspektywy ponad stu lat, nadszedł być może czas weryfikacji oceny? Izba, choć była obcej proweniencji, żadnej instytucjonalnej wrogości nie przejawiała. Dziś już wiemy, że stała się ośrodkiem krzewienia „kultury mierniczej” w społeczeństwie, i ku pełnej nieświadomości jej twórców, okazała się być kuźnią kadr dla administracji miar, już w wolnej Polsce. Bez starannie przygotowanego przez nią gruntu, o wiele trudniej byłoby wprowadzić w 1919 r. Dekret o miarach i sprawnie go realizować.
Źródło:
Metrologia i Probiernictwo : biuletyn Głównego Urzędu Miar; 2014, 1-2 (4-5); 55-58
2300-8806
Pojawia się w:
Metrologia i Probiernictwo : biuletyn Głównego Urzędu Miar
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 797

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