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Tytuł:
LNG as a marine fuel - possibilities and problem
Autorzy:
Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine fuel
LNG
ship propulsion
Opis:
The limitations of marine fuels use incorporated sulphur on levels 4-5% for HFO and 0.5-1% for MDO were caused a necessity of possessing on ship a few types of fuel: conventional and with limited amount of sulphur. It is a necessary to separate the installation of different fuels caused that the ship fuel system are complicated. It is needed to change the fuel with time advance on areas with SOx controlled emissions (SECA areas) for example Baltic and North Sea. In the same time it is needed to change the engine adjustment in the aim of decreasing NOx emission. It allows for fulfilling the emission on tier 2 level (IMO regulations). It was announced for January 1st 2016 the time of tier 3 requirement of being in force. It is seemed to be impossible the fulfilling of that standard on marine liquid fuels (HFO and MDO). It was interested on gas fuels, especially on popular one the liquid natural gas (LNG). In the liquid state LNG is seemed to be an attractive marine fuel. It is remaining a problem of marine engines adaptation for burning that type of fuel in the aim of fulfilling the tier3 standard. At present, available dual fuel for marine diesel engines burn natural gas for ship operating reasons. Fulfilment these requirements needs an engine modernization or the alternative way is use of piston spark engines. There is an additional problem the assurance of repeatability of natural gas combustion process. During the change of engine load changes the fuel-air mixture composition, it is heterogeneous in the cylinder volume caused the ignition loss, the knocking combustion and the risk of out-of-control fuel self-ignition. The paper presents a probe of analysis these problems.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 169-176
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations of distribution of the low sulphur shipping fuels in region of the baltic sea in the bunkering boat-ship supply
Autorzy:
Matejski, M.
Szczepaniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
vessels
marine fuel oils
fuel transport
ecology
Opis:
The article presents relations of distribution of the low sulphur marine fuels as result of being in force the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 73/78, especially the record establishing the region of the Baltic Sea and the North See as sulphur emission control areas (SECA). There are presented obligatory regulations and their influence on sale of the particular kinds of fuels in this region. There are also presented chosen procedures of care about cargo in relation bunker boat-harbour-ship, the delivery fuel procedures in relation bunker boat-ship and the quantitative analysis of distributed fuels on an example of chosen bunker boat.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2012, 6, 16; 37-41
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indication of the Target Alternative Fuel for Shipping
Autorzy:
Herdzik, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
marine fuel
alternative fuel
shipping
atmospheric emission
environment protection
Opis:
he article presents the regulations of the International Maritime Organization aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions from international shipping. One of the main objectives is to search the alternative to fossil fuels. The main problem is the lack of indication of the target fuel for shipping. The current changes, forced by international regulations, are made by the decisions of shipowners who themselves are looking for an alternative fuel that will enable them to continue their activities. Attempts have been made to use fuels considered as transient, which will be used in the perspective of about 10 years. However, this is too short a time compared to the life of the ship (20-30 years). This will force another change in the type of fuel used on ships still in operation, which will result in additional costs associated with the adaptation of the ship’s power plant fuel systems to a different type of fuel. The article evaluates the changes that currently taking place. Scenarios of the most likely directions of changes in a perspective of 2050 have been indicated.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2022, 16, 4; 48--55
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Cost of SOx Limits to Marine Operators; Results from Exploring Marine Fuel Prices
Autorzy:
Schinas, O.
Stefanakos, Ch.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine fuel
International Petroleum Exchange (IPE)
probability analysis
Opis:
Marine operators are confronted with the new air emissions regulations that determine the limits of sulfur content in marine fuels. The low‐sulfur (LS) marine fuels have a higher price, and their fluctuation is almost similar to the fluctuation of high‐sulfur (HS) fuels. The price difference between HS and LS might also determine the decision of operators for alternative technical means, such as scrubbers, in order to comply with the new limits. This paper aims to provide a thorough statistical analysis of the currently available LS and HS marine fuels time series, as well as to present the analysis of the differential of the HS and LS fuel prices. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 2; 275-281
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Marine fuel from the past to the future
Autorzy:
Herdzik, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29521030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine fuel
hard coal age
heavy fuel oil
gaseous fuels
transient marine fuels
methanol
hydrogen
Opis:
Currently, about 90% of world transport is via water, which means that maritime transport is a decisive factor in the development of civilization. In order for it to effectively continue and compete with other means of transport, it is necessary to use the cheapest marine fuels on ships. The demand for machines generating mechanical energy to propel ships resulted in their dynamic development and, simultaneously, forced the search for primary energy sources (fuels) that enable the production of the working medium. The era of coal and petroleum fuels began in the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively. Today, in the 21st century, we stand at a crossroads – what next? The transition fuel will likely be LNG and biofuels. Ammonia will also occupy a significant share of the fuel market, but the target fuel will be hydrogen. Based on historical and contemporary sources, this article discusses the changes in the use of marine fuels that have occurred since the 19th century.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2023, 74 (146); 83-90
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consequences of using LNG as a marine fuel
Autorzy:
Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine fuel
ships propulsion
LNG
CNG
natural gas
atmosphere protection
Opis:
The paper presents the consequences of LNG usage as a marine fuel. The restrictions of harmful substances emission to atmosphere from marine engines, especially in controlled emission areas (ECA and SECA areas) of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, forces the engine makers to use additional installations, which operation may fulfill the purification requirements of exhaust gases. The option is a usage gaseous fuels, especially liquid natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). There is no an alternative – only gaseous fuels may fulfill the Tier3 level without exhaust gases purification process. In prognosis about 650 ships (in high scenario about 2000) will be fuelled LNG in the year 2025. It was written why the liquid fuels stay unattractive. The basic problem is still the limited network of LNG distribution in ports and the lack of small vessels or barges for LNG bunkering. The proposition of design of LNG tank and barges were presented. The next problem is a deficiency of LNG bunker port in deep sea before entering the ECA areas. The controlled emission areas will extend in the near future. The LNG or CNG seemed to be the preferring fuel in industry due to CO2 emission limits and environmental taxes. The demand for LNG in prognosis to 2025 in bunker ports varies 0.1-18% of total fuel bunker depending on legislation and low or high case, in base case it will be 3%. It depends on the conviction of ship-owners that is no return from transition to the LNG or CNG ship fuelling. The examples to LNG ship conversion were described.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 159-166
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aspects of using LNG as a marine fuel
Autorzy:
Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine fuel
ships propulsion
LNG
liquid natural gas
atmosphere protection
Opis:
The paper presents a probe of LNG usage analysis as a marine fuel. The restrictions of harmful substances emission to atmosphere from marine engines, especially in controlled emission areas (ECA and SECA areas) of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, forces the engine makers to use additional installations, which operation may fulfill the cleanness requirements of exhaust gases. The option is a usage such marine fuels which fulfill the requirements without any cleaning processes. Such fuels are gaseous fuels, especially liquid natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). It was undertaken many tests for determination the conditions of safety bunkering, storage on board, preparation and supplying the fuel to the engine and realization of working process. About dozens merchant ships were applied LNG as a fuel. There is enough experience for spreading the LNG usage. The basic problem is still the limited network of LNG distribution in ports. The next one is the conviction of ship-owners that is no return from transition to the LNG or CNG fuelling. In the end it may occurred to the double beneficial situation that the fuel costs would be decreasing and simultaneously the improvement of exhaust gases quality (the restriction of negative effects for the natural environment).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 201-209
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proposal of ecological propulsion for seagoing ships
Autorzy:
Górski, Z.
Ćwilewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
natural gas in marine propulsion
dual fuel marine engines
dual fuel marine boilers
Opis:
Exhaust gases from engines of seagoing ships are the serious problem for environment. That is why the discussion in the matter is very important. One of means to minimise harmful substances emission to earth atmosphere is application of „ecological fuel" — natural gas or nuclear energy for ship propulsion. Natural gas is commonly used in onshore applications but is rarely applied in marine propulsion. Heavy Fuel Oil is the basic brand of fuel used onboard ofseagoing ships. Other kinds of fuel e.g. Diesel Oil or gas Oil are used on smaller ships with limited sailing range. The nuclear energy, due to high costs is used only on few types of warships and some icebreakers. A real means for minimising harmful substances in exhaust gases from ships engines is replacement of Heavy Fuel Oil by Natural gas. Nowadays, heavy oil is commonly used due to technical and logistic abilities and conservative attitude of ship owners. The necessity of improvement in the field of environment protection inclines towards wide application of Natural gas as marine fuel. Application power-plant novel type would break the traditionalism in the shipbuilding and the introduction novel generation ofshipping drives.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 121-128
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liquefied Natural Gas – The Future Fuel for Shipping or Cul-de-sac
Autorzy:
Herdzik, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
fuel
shipping
liquefied natural gas
marine fuel
future
fuel leakage
greenhouse effect
atmosphere contamination
Opis:
The paper analyses the reasons for the interest in natural gas as a potential marine fuel to replace the existing fuels derived from crude oil. The increase in environmental awareness and the effects of human activity caused the process of searching for more environmentally friendly fuels. Naturally, interest has been shifted to a well-known energy source commonly found on Earth in quantities much more considerable than crude oil. This fuel, in the form of liquefied natural gas, seems to be an attractive substitute for the currently dominant types of marine fuels. The technologies of its extraction, liquefaction, storage and transport were mastered, and marine engines were adopted for its combustion as dual-fuel engines. The regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization and the European Parliament, forcing the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the combustion of marine fuels, require taking action to meet them. The proposals for individual next 30 years are given. Due to the introduction of regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to switch to fuels with a lower or zero carbon content or biofuels recognised as more environmentally friendly. Due to only 25% lower carbon content in methane with its higher lower heating value, it is possible to reduce the direct emission from this gas by about 30%. However, methane leaks occur in the processes from natural gas extraction to the energy effect in engines as a fuel, significantly worsening its image as an ecological fuel. Researches indicate that with current technologies, natural gas should not be recognised as an ecological fuel until gas leaks are significantly reduced. The article justifies why LNG should be considered a transient marine fuel, with the need to switch to other synthetic fuels, ammonia, and hydrogen.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 15--25
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health monitoring of a compression ignition engine fed with different low-sulphur marine fuels by endoscopic image processing and analysis
Autorzy:
Karczewski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32921252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
usable quality
engine tests
health monitoring
endoscopic examination
low-sulphur marine fuel
Opis:
This article characterises the methodology for the endoscopic testing of a laboratory diesel engine used for testing marine fuels. The ‘Shadow’ measurement method used in the XLG3 type EVEREST digital endoscope, for quantitative and qualitative identification of detected surface defects, was approximated. Representative endoscopic images of the elements limiting the working space of the research engine are demonstrated, having been recorded during the usable quality testing of newly produced, low-sulphur marine fuels, so-called ‘modified fuels’. The main purpose of the endoscopic examinations was the final verification of the tested fuel’s suitability for feeding full-size marine engines.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 2; 85-94
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The emission of harmful compounds from the marine diesel engine fueled by a blend of n-butanol and marine fuel
Autorzy:
Bogdanowicz, Artur
Kniaziewicz, Tomasz
Zadrąg, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
emission
marine diesel engine
n-butanol
marine fuel blend
emisja
okrętowy silnik spalinowy
żeglugowa mieszanka paliwowa
Opis:
The use of renewable fuels may be an action leading to the reduction of pollutant emissions. This group includes biobutanol as a product of biomass fermentation. Some of its physicochemical properties, including the ability to mix with hydrocarbon fuels, make it suitable for use as a fuel component for marine diesel engines. The article presents the results of research on the concentration of exhaust gas components of a Sulzer 6AL20/24 diesel engine powered by a mixture of n-butane and diesel oil. The emission intensity were calculated for the tested components: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The emission intensity surface graphs were created based on the calculated data. The tests were carried out using different concentrations of the mixture of n-butanol and marine fuel.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 90--95
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania formalno-prawne oraz techniczne bunkrowania statków paliwem LNG w polskich portach
Technical and legal conditions of the ship’s LNG bunkering operations in Polish ports
Autorzy:
Piotrzkowski, Wiesław
Śniegocki, Henryk
Wilczyński, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/311993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
bunkrowanie statków
bunkrowanie paliwa
paliwo morskie
LNG (Liquided Natural Gas)
ship fuel bunkering
marine fuel
LNG bunkering
Opis:
W artykule omówiono techniczne sposoby realizacji bunkrowania statków morskich paliwem LNG pochodzącym ze zbiorników transportowych dostarczanych do portu środkami transportu drogowego. W artykule wskazano konieczność stosowania właściwych standardów bezpieczeństwa przy wyborze miejsca transferu LNG oraz z dostosowanie procedur transferu paliwa LN [1]G ze zbiorników transportowych na statki zasilane DFE. Autorzy artykuły wskazują pilną potrzebę dostosowania krajowych przepisów prawnych w zakresie organizacji miejsc transferu, jak również realizacji bunkrowania statków paliwem LNG w polskich portach.
The article discusses the technical methods of carrying out the bunkering of sea-going vessels with LNG fuel coming from transport tanks delivered to the port by trucks. Authors indicates the necessity of applying appropriate safety standards when selecting the LNG transfer location and the adjustment of LNG fuel transfer procedures from transport containers to DFE-powered vessels. The paper point to the urgent need to adapt national legal provisions regarding the organization of transfer places, as well as the implementation of bunkering of ships with LNG fuel in Polish ports.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2019, 20, 1-2; 493-496
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie komponentów biogennych do wytwarzania paliw pozostałościowych
The use of biogenic components for the production of residual fuels
Autorzy:
Duda, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
paliwo pozostałościowe
biowęglowodory
FAME
olej opałowy
paliwo żeglugowe
komponenty biogenne
residual fuel
biohydrocarbons
fuel oil
marine fuel
biogenic components
Opis:
W niniejszej publikacji przeprowadzono badania wpływu komponentów biogennych na jakość paliw pozostałościowych. Zastosowanie komponentów biogennych do wytwarzania paliw pozostałościowych umożliwiłoby uzyskanie paliw żeglugowych oraz ciężkiego oleju opałowego o poprawionych walorach ekologicznych, tj. o niższej zawartości siarki oraz mniejszej emisji GHG (greenhouse gas). Badania prowadzono dla jednego rodzaju bazowego paliwa ciężkiego oraz dwóch komponentów lekkich: FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) i biowęglowodorów z procesu ETG (ethanol to gasoline). Zakres destylacji komponentu z procesu ETG mieścił się w przedziale od 172°C do około 318°C. Był on produktem stabilnym, o charakterze aromatycznym, bardzo niskiej temperaturze płynięcia i śladowej zawartości siarki. Komponent FAME charakteryzował się jakością typową dla tego typu komponentu z wyjątkiem stabilności oksydacyjnej. Komponent pozostałościowy wykazywał wysoką lepkość, wysoką zawartość wanadu i siarki oraz dobrą stabilność. Badania paliw z udziałem komponentów biogennych obejmowały analizę w zakresie parametrów typowych dla paliw pozostałościowych oraz stabilności po okresie długotrwałego przechowywania, jak również badania wpływu na elastomery. Uzyskano paliwa o poprawionych właściwościach reologicznych, tj. o znacznie niższej lepkości i temperaturze płynięcia, co umożliwia zmianę warunków przechowywania, dystrybucji i eksploatacji na mniej energochłonne. Paliwa pozostałościowe z udziałem komponentów biogennych w zakresie przebadanych parametrów spełniają wymagania jakościowe dla paliw żeglugowych. Przekroczenie wymagań dla ciężkiego oleju opałowego dotyczących zawartości wanadu wynika z jakości komponentu pozostałościowego. Badane komponenty biogenne nie pogarszają stabilności paliw finalnych nawet w trakcie długotrwałego przechowywania, co jest bardzo istotne w aspekcie warunków eksploatacji tego typu produktów. Wyniki badania wpływu paliw na elastomery wskazują na konieczność wymiany uszczelnień nitrylowych na fluorowe w instalacjach zasilania paliwa.
In this article, research was carried out on the influence of biogenic components on the quality of residual fuels. The use of biogenic components for composing residual fuels, would allow obtaining marine fuels and heavy fuel oil with improved ecological values, i.e. lower sulfur content and reduced GHG emissions. The research was conducted for one type of heavy fuel base and two light components: FAME and biohydrocarbons from the ETG process. The distillation range of the component from the ETG process was from 172°C to approx. 318°C. It was a stable product of aromatic character, very low pour point and trace sulfur content. The FAME component was characterized by the quality typical for this type of component, with the exception of oxidative stability. The residual component showed high viscosity, high vanadium content, high sulfur content and good stability. The research included analysis of parameters typical for residual fuels and stability during long-term storage as well as the impact of fuels on elastomers. The obtained fuels improved rheological properties, i.e. a much lower viscosity and pour point, which makes it possible to change storage, distribution and exploitation conditions to less energyconsuming ones. Residual fuels with the use of biogenic components, in terms of the parameters tested, meet the quality requirements for marine fuels. Exceeding the requirements for heavy fuel oil in terms of vanadium content results from the quality of the residual component. The biogenic components tested do not deteriorate the stability of final fuels, even during long-term storage, which is very important in terms of the operating conditions of this type of products. Introduction of the tested biogenic components to the composition of residual fuels will involve the need to replace the seals from nitrile to fluorine in the fuel installations.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2019, 75, 5; 293-299
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ship exploitation and rules connected with sulphur limits restrictions
Problemy eksploatacyjno-ekonomiczne w transporcie morskim związane z wprowadzeniem nowych przepisów dotyczących ograniczenia emisji tlenków siarki
Autorzy:
Krystosik-Gromadzińska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
emisja tlenków siarki
paliwa okrętowe
układ paliwowy
koszty eksploatacji statków
sulphur limits
marine fuel
fuel system
ship exploitation costs
Opis:
The paper describes current and future changes in regulations for marine fuel connected with sulphur oxides emission and the consequences of this process for shipowners and crews. Introducing new requirements concerning fuels caused appearing specific operating problems. The problems connected with exploitation after limiting of sulphur oxides emission refers mainly to protection of the fuel system (fuel injection pumps and injection valves). From the point of view of operating’s safety and a vessel itself, it is essential that engines, pumps, boilers and boiler burners are properly prepared for servicing and burning of low-sulphur fuels. The changes extorted the preparation of procedures of entrances and exits form the ECA zone and recommendations for shipowners and crews use. Shipowners carry out analytical research upon the influence of applied fuel upon safety of operating marine power plants, upon technical condition of operated machinery. Crews are trained in the scope of implementing the described changes. The other groups of problems are these connected with increase of operating costs and the danger of sea logistics roads transfer to road ones.
W artykule opisano aktualne i planowane zmiany przepisów dotyczące emisji tlenków siarki podczas eksploatacji statków oraz konsekwencje tych zmian dla armatorów i załóg. Zastępowanie paliwa niskosiarkowym pociąga za sobą konieczność wprowadzenia zmian w sposobie eksploatacji siłowni okrętowych. Problem dotyczy ochrony układu paliwowego (specyficzne problemy eksploatacyjne dotyczą głównie silników, zespołów prądotwórczych i kotłów parowych; zabezpieczenia aparatury paliwowej – pomp wtryskowych i zaworów wtryskowych – przed podaniem paliwa o niskiej lepkości) oraz jego właściwego przygotowania do zmiany paliwa. W związku z tym opracowano procedury wejścia i wyjścia do strefy ECA i zalecenia dla armatorów oraz załóg. Prowadzone są analizy eksploatacji siłowni oraz analizy ekonomiczne. Zwraca się uwagę na możliwe zwiększenie kosztów eksploatacyjnych, co spowodować może przeniesienie części transportu z dróg morskich na lądowe.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 28 (100) z. 1; 73-77
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of consequences of using gas fuels for running auxiliary ship boilers in the light of contemporary environmental protection requirements
Analiza konsekwencji zastosowania paliw gazowych do opalania okrętowych kotłów pomocniczych w świetle współczesnych wymagań ochrony środowiska
Autorzy:
Adamkiewicz, A.
Bartoszewski, M.
Kendra, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
auxiliary boilers
environmental protection
natural gas
marine fuel
opalane kotły pomocnicze
ochrona środowiska
gaz ziemny
paliwo okrętowe
Opis:
The article justifies the application of gas fuels for supplying auxiliary ship boilers. It presents legal regulations on maritime environmental protection areas and their requirements which are in power. It shows the chronology of introduced limitations on sulphur and nitrogen dioxide emissions and thresholds of carbon dioxide emission reduction expressed by EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Indicator) and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator). Ways to decrease the values of EEDI and EEOI in the ship energy effectiveness management have been shown. Consequences of replacing marine fuels with LNG for running auxiliary ship boilers have been considered thoroughly, taking into account ecological, construction- al, operational, procedural and logistic limitations as well as economic consequences. The summary shows the influence of particular consequences of using LNG for running boilers on the methods of maintenance of auxiliary boilers.
W artykule uzasadniono zastosowanie paliw gazowych do zasilania pomocniczych opalanych kotłów okrętowych. Przedstawiono obowiązujące akty prawne w zakresie stref ochrony środowiska morskiego i zdefiniowano ich wymagania. Pokazano chronologię wprowadzania ograniczeń emisji tlenków siarki, azotu oraz progi redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla wyrażonej wartością projektowego wskaźnika efektywności energtycznej statku (ang. energy efficency design index-eedi) oraz wskaźnikiem eksploatacyjnej efektywności energetycznej statku (ang. energy efficiency operational indicator – EEOI). Pokazano sposoby zmniejszania wartości EEDI oraz EEOI w zarządzaniu efektywnością energetyczną statku. Szczegółowo rozważono konsekwencje zastąpienia paliw żeglugowych skroplonym gazem ziemnym (lng) do zasilania opalanych kotłów okrętowych: konsekwencje ekologiczne, konstrukcyjne, eksploatacyjne, proceduralne oraz ograniczenia logistyczne i konsekwencje ekonomiczne. W podsumowaniu wskazano wpływ poszczególnych konsekwencji wprowadzenia LNG do zasilania kotłów na metody utrzymania opalanych kotłów pomocniczych.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2016, 3 (23); 183-190
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of CO2 emissions from offshore combined cycle diesel engine-steam turbine power plant powered by alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Olszewski, Wojciech
Dzida, Marek
Nguyen, Van Giao
Cao, Dao Nam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34613948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship power plants
alternative marine fuel
greenhouse gases
CO2 emissions
combined power system
diesel engines
steam turbine
gas turbine
Opis:
Diverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions the realisation of its 2050 targets through a suite of strategies encompassing deliberate reductions in vessel speed, enhanced ship operations, improved propulsion systems, and a transition towards low and zero-emission fuels such as LNG, methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia. While the majority of vessels currently depend on heavy fuel or low-sulphur fuel oil, novel designs integrating alternative fuels are gaining prominence. Technologies like exhaust gas purification systems, LNG, and methanol are being embraced to achieve minimised emissions. This study introduces the concept of a high-power combined ship system, composed of a primary main engine, a diesel engine, and a steam turbine system, harnessing the energy contained within the flue gases of the main combustion engine. Assumptions, constraints for calculations, and a thermodynamic evaluation of the combined cycle are outlined. Additionally, the study scrutinises the utilisation of alternative fuels for ship propulsion and their potential to curtail exhaust emissions, with a specific focus on reducing CO2 output.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 3; 71-80
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new intelligentapproach in predictive maintenance of separation system
Autorzy:
Marichal, G. N.
Ávila, D.
Hernández, A.
Padrón, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine fuel separators
separation system
predictive maintenance
greenhouse gas (GHG)
Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT)
genetic neuro-fuzzy system
genetic algorithm
supervised learning
Opis:
Reducing contaminant emissions is an important task of any industry, included the maritime one. In fact, in April 2018, IMO (International Maritime Organization) adopted an Initial Strategy on reduction of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. An essential part responsible for producing these emissions is the diesel engine. For that reason vessels include separation systems for heavy fuel oils. The purpose of this work is to improve the predictive maintenance techniques incorporating new intelligent approaches. An analysis of vibrations of this separation system was made and their characteristics were used in a Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy System in order to design an intelligent maintenance based on condition monitoring. The achieved results show that the proposed method provides an improvement since it indicates if a maintenance operation is necessary before the schedule one or if it could be possible extend the next maintenance service.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 385-390
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of research on ecological, energy and reliability effects of modified marine fuel oils application to supply compression-ignition engines in real conditions
Autorzy:
Korczewski, Z.
Marszałkowski, K.
Rudnicki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
compression ignition engine
modified marine fuel oils
laboratory research test bed
concept of research implementation
silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
zmodyfikowane paliwo okrętowe
Opis:
Within the article, basic assumptions of the research project financed by Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Water in Gdansk were described. The project concerns the experimental investigations carried out on laboratory compression-ignition engine in conditions of its supply with a non-standard marine fuel oil. Configuration and measuring capability of laboratory test bed presently being constructed were introduced. The concept of engine tests implementation as well as a general outline of research methodology was characterised. After being accepted by Polish Committee for Standardization they could become an effective and efficient verification tool for various types of modified fuel oils introduced on the market, both for the maritime administration offices and shipyards as well as ship owners in operation.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 56-61
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion and emissions investigation on low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine with low sulfur diesel fuel
Autorzy:
Yang, Zhiyuan
Tan, Qinming
Geng, Peng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
NOx emission
CO2 emission
marine diesel engine
combustion
marine low sulfur diesel fuel
Opis:
With the implementation and expansion of international sulfur emission control areas, effectively promoted the marine low sulfur diesel fuel (MLSDF) used in marine diesel engines. In this study, a large low-speed, two-stroke, cross-head, common rail, electronic fuel injection marine diesel engine (B&W 6S35ME-B9) was used for the study. According to diesel engine’s propulsion characteristics, experiments were launched respectively at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% load working conditions with marine low sulfur diesel fuel to analyze the fuel consumption, combustion characteristics and emissions (NOx, CO2 , CO, HC) characteristics. The results showed that: Marine diesel engine usually took fuel injection after top dead center to ensure their safety control NOx emission. From 25% to 75% load working condition, engine’s combustion timing gradually moved forward and the inflection points of pressure curve after top dead center also followed forward. While it is necessary to control pressure and reduce NOx emission by delaying fuel injection timing at 100% load. Engine’s in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and cumulative heat release were increased with load increasing. Engine’s CO2 and HC emissions were significantly reduced from 25% to 75% load, while they were increased slightly at 100% load. Moreover, the fuel consumption rate had a similar variation and the lowest was only 178 g/kW·h at 75% load of the test engine with MLSDF. HC or CO emissions at four tests’ working conditions were below 1.23 g/kW·h and the maximum difference was 0.2 or 0.4 g/kW·h respectively, which meant that combustion efficiency of the test engine with MLSDF is good. Although the proportion of NOx in exhaust gas increased with engine’s load increasing, but NOx emissions were always between 12.5 and 13.0 g/kW·h, which was less than 14.4 g/kW·h. Thus, the test engine had good emissions performance with MLSDF, which could meet current emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 1; 153-161
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector
Autorzy:
Grochowalska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
marine diesel engine
marine fuel injector
spray tip penetration
spray cone angle
opening pressure
back pressure
okrętowy silnik tłokowy
wtryskiwacz silnika okrętowego
penetracja strugi paliwa
kąt stożka strugi
ciśnienie otwarcia
ciśnienie wsteczne
Opis:
One of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering. The diameter of nozzle injector was 0.375 mm and L/D coefficient 8.3. In these research were considered different parameters of injection opening pressures and backpressures in the constant volume chamber. Generally conlusions are: the opening pressure influence on maximum spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and influence on speed of the injected fuel. The increase of backpressure into the constant volume chamber causes the reduction of spray tip penetration and the increase of the spray cone angle.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 80-85
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the possibility of reducting emissions of sulphur oxide maritime vessels
Analiza możliwości ograniczenia emisji tlenku siarki przez statki w żegludze morskiej
Autorzy:
Barańska, M.
Deja, A.
Kabulak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
sulphur oxide
sulphur oxide emissions
sulphur limits
sulphur directive
low sulfur fuels
marine fuel
ship exploitation costs
tlenek siarki
emisja tlenków siarki
redukcja emisji
dyrektywa siarkowa
transport morski
paliwa okrętowe
paliwo niskosiarkowe
koszty eksploatacji statków
Opis:
Following the entry into force of regulations limiting emissions of sulfur dioxide into the environment for maritime vessels (Directive 2012/33 / EU), units engaged on voyages including in the Baltic Sea have been obliged to apply technical solutions are environmentally friendly.In this paper, shows the technological solutions that can be used in maritime transport to reduce emissions of sulfur oxides. Among other things, shows the types of scrubbers, how they work and sample costs associated with their operation. Moreover, presented the possibility of using LNG as a marine fuel. Finally visualized existing, planned and proposed station locations for fuel bunkering LNG ships in the Baltic Sea. As part of the research, analyzed, among others, the average price of marine fuels, with particular attention to low-sulfur fuel.
W związku z wejściem w życie przepisów ograniczających emisję tlenku siarki do środowiska dla statków morskich (dyrektywa 2012/33/UE), jednostki uprawiające żeglugę m.in. w rejonie Morza Bałtyckiego zostały zobligowane do zastosowania rozwiązań technicznych przyjaznych dla środowiska. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono rozwiązania technologiczne, które mogą być wykorzystywane w transporcie morskim do redukcji emisji tlenków siarki. Przedstawiono m.in. rodzaje skruberów, zasadę ich działania oraz przykładowe koszty związane z ich eksploatacją. Ponadto zaprezentowane zostały możliwości wykorzystania LNG jako paliwa żeglugowego. Finalnie zwizualizowano istniejące, planowane i proponowane lokalizacje stacji do bunkrowania statków morskich paliwem LNG w rejonie Morza Bałtyckiego. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań, przeanalizowano m.in. średnie cen paliw żeglugowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem paliw nisko siarkowych.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 6; 59-63
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of alternative configurations of ship power systems using biofuels and renewable energy
Autorzy:
Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
biofuel
ship power systems
marine alternative fuels
carbon dioxide emission
energy efficiency indexes
renewable energy
dual and tri-fuel marine diesel engines
ship power system configuration
Opis:
The requirements to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from maritime transport require taking actions aimed at increasing the overall efficiency of the propulsion system, optimal and rational use of electricity and heat. Taking such actions is necessary in order to demonstrate the improvement of the energy efficiency index of a ship in operation or an already existing one (EEOI and EEXI), which will allow to obtain category A or B emissions for a given ship. Obtaining similar energy efficiency effects is also possible after switching to fuels containing less carbon in the molecule and the use of renewable energy. Attempts are made to create new configurations of combined energy systems so as to obtain maximum benefits related to the use of various energy sources in order to ensure the production of energy in quantities consistent with the current demand of the ship in the operating condition.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 3; 569--575
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical analysis of emissions from marine engines using alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Lamas, M. I.
Rodriguez, C. G.
Telmo, J.
Rodriguez, J. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
fuel
natural gas
hydrogen
marine engine
emissions
Opis:
The current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wartsila 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2 , hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2 and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOx and HC than oil fuel. SOx depends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 4; 48-52
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental research on influence of the fuel nozzle geometry on the fuel consumption of the marine 4-stroke diesel engine
Autorzy:
Kowalski, J.
Nagórski, J.
Sikora, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine engine
fuel consumption
fuel injection
experimental measurements
compression ignition engine
Opis:
The article presents experimental research that has been carried out on a marine, 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged engine. During testing, the engine operated at a constant rotational speed of 750 rpm and a load from 0 kW to 280 kW. The engine was fuelled by diesel oil of known specification and loaded by electric generator with water resistance. The fuel consumption was measured during the engine operation with fuel nozzles with different geometries. The measurement of the fuel consumption was carried out using a weighing system that was designed, constructed, and manufactured by the “KAIZEN” scientific research team at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Gdynia Maritime University. The results of measurements show changes in the fuel consumption by the engine with the geometry of the injected fuel spray. The research facility is Sulzer’s 3- cylinder, 4-stroke, turbocharged AL25/30 piston engine. The fuel system consists of Bosch injection pumps controlled by a rotation speed regulator. Fuel injectors are centrally located in the cylinder heads of the engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 185-190
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding fuel saving and clean fuel strategies towards green maritime
Autorzy:
Van Nhanh, Nguyen
Rudzki, Krzysztof
Dzida, Marek
Pham, Nguyen Dang Khoa
Pham, Minh Tuan
Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong
Nguyen, Xuan Phuong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32919438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
marine engine
alternative fuel
green maritime
fuel savings
low-carbon strategy
Opis:
Due to recent emission-associated regulations imposed on marine fuel, ship owners have been forced to seek alternate fuels, in order to meet the new limits. The aim of achieving low-carbon shipping by the year 2050, has meant that alternative marine fuels, as well as various technological and operational initiatives, need to be taken into account. This article evaluates and examines recent clean fuels and novel clean technologies for vessels. The alternative fuels are classified as low-carbon fuels, carbon-free fuels, and carbon neutral fuels, based on their properties. Fuel properties, the status of technological development, and existing challenges are also summarised in this paper. Furthermore, researchers have also investigated energy-saving devices and discovered that zero-carbon and virtually zero-carbon clean fuels, together with clean production, might play an important part in shipping, despite the commercial impracticability of existing costs and infrastructure. More interestingly, the transition to marine fuel is known to be a lengthy process; thus, early consensus-building, as well as action-adoption, in the maritime community is critical for meeting the expectations and aims of sustainable marine transportation.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 2; 146-164
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 53

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