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Tytuł:
Влияние дерматологического заболевания на процесс адаптации личности
Influence of dermatological disease on the process of adaptation of personality
Autorzy:
Onishchenko, I.V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
адаптация личности
дерматологическое заболевание
стресс
виды дезадаптации
общий адаптационный синдром
adaptation of the personality
dermatologic disease
stress
types of
maladjustment
the general adaptation syndrome
Opis:
В данной статье идёт речь об особенностях нарушений адаптации среди людей, которые страдают дерматологическими заболеваниями. Состояние кожи не только находится в тесной взаимосвязи с нервной системой человека, но и оказывает прямое и не посредственное влияние на его психологическое состояние и определяет его отношение к себе, как к части социума, который его окружает. Знание и учет влияния дерматологических заболеваний на процесс адаптации личности может способствовать выбору наиболее точно направленных способов лечебного воздействия и повышению его эффективности.
This article deals with the peculiarities of adaptation disorders among people who suffer from dermatological diseases. The skin condition is not only in close connection with the human nervous system, but also has a direct and not mediocre impact on his psychological condition and determines its relation to, as part of the society that surrounds him. Knowledge and consideration of the effect of dermatological diseases on the adaptation process can contribute to the selection of the person most closely directed therapeutic effects and ways to improve its effectiveness.
Źródło:
Journal of Health Sciences; 2014, 4, 1; 349-356
1429-9623
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zniekształcenia poznawcze i ich restrukturyzacja w procesie resocjalizacji młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie
Cognitive Distortions and their Restructuring in the Social Rehabilitation Process of Socially Maladjusted Adolescents
Autorzy:
Mudrecka, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-28
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
zniekształcenia poznawcze
restrukturyzacja poznawcza
social maladjustment of youth
cognitive distortions
cognitive restructurization
Opis:
W świetle koncepcji poznawczych istotną przyczyną problemów przystosowawczych są dezadaptacyjne zniekształcenia poznawcze, polegające na przypisywaniu swoim doświadczeniom znaczenia w sposób niedokładny lub skrzywiony. Identyfikacja zniekształceń poznawczych u jednostek nieprzystosowanych społecznie umożliwia wychowawcom resocjalizacyjnym rozpoznanie przyczyn ich problemów w procesie przystosowania się do warunków środowiskowych oraz zrozumienie specyfiki ich funkcjonowania społecznego. Jednocześnie pozwala na dostosowanie metod oddziaływania resocjalizującego do popełnianych zniekształceń.
In the light of the cognitive concepts significant cause of adaptation problems are maladaptive cognitive distortions consisting in assigning significance your experience as inaccurate or skewed. Identification of cognitive distortions in unsocial individuals allows resocialization educators identify the causes of their problems in the process of adaptation to environmental conditions and to understand the nature of their social functioning. At the same time allows you to adjust the methods of resocialization influence for committed distortion.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2015, 9; 13-25
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w resocjalizacji nieletnich – szanse i zagrożenia
The Application of Information and Communication Technologies in the Education Juvenile Offenders – Chances and Risks
Autorzy:
CHUDNICKI, ANDRZEJ
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/456782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
niedostosowanie społeczne
technologie komunikacyjne i informacyjne
resocjalizacja nieletnich
social maladjustment communication and information technologies
resocialization of minors
Opis:
Technologie komunikacyjne i informacyjne mogą odegrać istotną rolę w reintegracji społecznej osób przebywających w placówkach resocjalizacyjnych. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie dotychczasowej praktyki oraz wskazanie możliwości wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii w kształceniu, wychowaniu i terapii nieletnich niedostosowanych społecznie.
Communication and information technologies can play an important role in the social reinte-gration of people residing in the resocialisation centres. The aim of the study is to present the current practice and to indicate the possibilities of using modern technologies in the education and treatment of socially maladjusted minors.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2018, 9, 1; 243-248
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarys współczesnej koncepcji resocjalizacji – metodyka i ogólne zasady
Outline of the Contemporary Concept of Resocialization – Methodology and General Principles
Autorzy:
Brzezińska-Rybicka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
resocjalizacja
wychowanie
socjalizacja
niedostosowanie społeczne
metodyka
rehabilitation
education
socialization
social maladjustment
methodology
Opis:
Nie istnieją uniwersalne i bezwzględnie skuteczne metody resocjalizacji zarówno w odniesieniu do dorosłych sprawców przestępstw, przebywających w zakładach karnych, jak i młodych osób sprawiających problemy wychowawcze. Postępowanie resocjalizacyjne powinno mocno akcentować konieczność działań kreacyjnych, związanych z rozwojowym potencjałem jednostki. Metodyka resocjalizacji stanowi zbiór zasad i reguł procesu wychowawczo-korekcyjnego, związany z dorosłymi sprawcami przestępstw, a także dziećmi i młodzieżą niedostosowaną społecznie lub zagrożoną takim niedostosowaniem, w kontekście uwarunkowań osobowościowych i środowiskowych. Metodyka pracy resocjalizacyjnej mocno powiązana jest z wieloma dyscyplinami nauki, takimi jak psychologia, socjologia, medycyna i prawo. Integralną częścią metodycznego podejścia do resocjalizacji jest przestrzeganie fundamentalnych zasad wychowania resocjalizującego.
There are no universal and absolutely effective methods of resocialization, both in relation to adult perpetrators of crimes, staying in prisons, as well as young people who cause educational problems. Social rehabilitation should strongly emphasize the need for creative activities related to the developmental potential of the individual. Methodology of resocialization is a set of principles and rules of the educational-corrective process, associated with adult perpetrators of crimes, as well as children and young people who are socially maladjusted or endangered by such maladjustment, in the context of personality and environmental conditions. Methodology of resocialization work is strongly associated with many fields of science, such as: psychology, sociology, medicine and law. An integral part of the methodological approach to resocialization is the observance of the fundamental principles of resocialization education.
Źródło:
Roczniki Pedagogiczne; 2019, 11(47), Numer specjalny; 109-130
2080-850X
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zachowania dewiacyjne młodzieży w Warszawie w 1993 r. (badania typu self-report)
Deviant Behavior n Warsaw Youth in 1993
Autorzy:
Kossowska, Anna
Krawczyk, Jacek
Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699078.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zachowania dewiacyjne
młodzież
Warszawa
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
przestępczość
badania typu self-report
deviant behavior
youth
Warsaw
social maladjustment
delinquency
self-report study
Opis:
1. The findings discussed in the paper have been obtained within an international research project aimed at comparing the extent of self-reported deviant behavior of youth 11 West-European countries (Finland, England, Nord Ireland the Netherland, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, portugal, Greece, Spain and Italy), the United States and New Zealand. The questionnaire ultimately used in all countries participating in the project resulted from long negotiations and was in fact a compromise. It contained questions about both the respondents’ deviant behavior and their social situation with consideration to variables of importance from the viewpoint of the theory of social control. Deviant behavior was divided into the following six groups: l) behavior manifesting social maladjustment (as.e.g. truancy or stealing rides); 2) destruction of objects (vandalism); 3) appropriation of another person’s property; 4) aggressive behavior; 5) alcohol consumption; and 6) drug taking and selling.  Examined were young people from Warsaw, born in the years 197l‒1978; the sample consisted of 701 persons aged 14‒21 at the time of the survey. At the moment of the interview, 80.5 % of respondents either had a job or went to school.  Most respondents (65.9%) stated they were on good terms with their father. Even a greater proportion of 88.5% were on good terms with their mother. Ten percent of the sample had no contacts whatever with their father, and a much smaller proportion (2.3%) ‒ with their mother.  Apart from 42 persons, respondents stated they had real friends; over a half had one to three such friends. The rest mentioned larger groups as their friends. Forty-seven percent had a girl- or boyfriend; two-thirds would like the relationship to last. Of the examined 363 boys, 84.8% had played truant from school at least once for one day. The proportion tended to grow bigger with respondents’ age. It showed a regular upward trend from 50% among the14-year-olds to 100% among boys of 23. Of the examined 383 girls, played truant, with the proportion reaching its peak value of l00% among the 2l-year-olds, and showing an upward trend from 33.3% among the 14-year-olds to  97.4% among girls of 19. Another widespread phenomenon was stealing rides on city buses, trolley buses, or trams. Those who had stolen a ride at least once constituted 95.9% of the boys and 89.3% of the girls. Stealing rides on trains or intercity buses was much less widespread. It was admitted by 35.8% of the boys and 22% of the girls. Driving a car or motorcycle without a license or a motorbike without a bicycle permit was admitted by 52.6% of the boys and 29.9% of the girls. A further act we inquired about was painting or spraying walls, buses, bus seats and stops, etc. Such acts were admitted by 22.9% of the boys and 12.7% of the girls. Still another group of acts qualified as vandalism includes acts that result in destruction of or damage to property. The largest group of both boyg and girls tend to vandalise school furniture (22.3% of the boys and 13% of the girls), as well as trees, bushes and flowers in parks and squares (18.2 and 10.1% respectively). Asked whether they had ever carried any weapon, such as a knife, club, knuckle-duster, or gas pistol, 43.3% of the boys and 26.6% of the girls answered in the affirmative.             Relatively large were the proportions of boys (25.9%) and girls (10.7%) who had ever participated in brawls or group disturbances in a public place.             A proportion of 7.2% of the boys and 1.8% of the girls admitted having beaten a stranger. Cases of beating a family member were occasional: they were admitted by 1.4% of the boys and 0.6% of the girls. Also a small proportion of 3.3% of the boys and 1.3% of the girls admitted having wounded another person with a knife, club or another weapon. Intentional arson was admitted by 5.5% of the boys and 1.2% of the girls. Offenses against property or acts consisting in appropriation of property without the knowledge or consent of its owner were related frequent in the sample.             Of the 702 young persons, 55.1% had committed at least one of the listed fourteen categories of acts. This proportion is rather big the fact considered that average young people were examined. Of the 14 categories of acts against property consisting in its appropriation, the youth most often admitted shoplifting, purchasing stolen property, breaking and entering, and thefts at school. Questions relating to drugs concerned two points: the taking of drugs and their selling by respondents. The drugs inquired about were divided into two categories, each of them asked about separately: marihuana and hashish (the first category); and home-made poppy straw brew, heroin, cocaine and LSD (the second category). A proportion of 16.5% admitted having ever taken marihuana or hashish. Boys admitted this behawior more often than girls (with proportions of boys and girls balanced in the sample): every fifth boy and every eighth girl had experiences with this category of drugs. A much smaller proportion of 2% admitted having ever taken the second category of drugs. Answers stating that the respondent had ever taken marihuana or hashish were evenly distributed in the sample and tended to become more frequent with age. The declared use of the second category of drugs was very rare and evenly distributed in age groups from 16 to 21. Ten persons,  among them 9 boys, admitted having sold marihuana or hashish. Most were aged 16‒18, that is still went to school. They stated that the police had never learned about their doings. Four persons admitted having sold the second category of drugs. They had sold amphetamine, cocaine, or psychedelic drugs in their neighborhood. None had been caught at the act. Asked, “Have you ever drunk beer, wine, vodka or another alcoholic beverage?”, nearly the entire sample (95.9% of the boys and 94.7% of the girls) answered in the affirmative. Asked about the age of their first contact with alcohol, 3.7% mentioned the age of under ten; 19.8% ‒10‒14; 48.3% ‒ 14‒16; and 17.l% ‒ 17‒21. The proportion of respondents who had happened to get drunk at least once was 56.3%. Asked about drinking during the year preceding the survey, 93.6% said they had drunk in that period; 50.3% admitted having drunk on up to 10 occasions, 18.1%  ‒  on ll‒24 occasions, 10.6% ‒ on 25‒50 occasions, and 20.9% ‒ on over 50 occasions. The last time before the survey, the respondents drank: beer (43.8%), vodka (35.6%), wine (27.6%), and long drinks (10%). A majority of 86.5% drank in the company of others; under 10% had one companion, two-thirds of the rest drank in a group of 2‒10 persons, and the remaining ‒ in a larger company. In the international survey, national samples were examined in four countries (Switzerland, England and Wales, Portugal, and the Netherlands). In Spain, the survey concerned a large national urban sample. Examined in further two countries (Germany and North Ireland) were random samples from specific cities (Mannheim and Belfast respectively). Four other countries decided to examine a random sample of school youth from a specific city (Helsinki; three ltalian cities: Genova, Messina and Siena; Liege). The United States and New Zealand were left out from comparisons. Thus in principle the findings to be compared were not necessarily comparable. Yet it seems advisable to discuss the general trends shown in national surveys. What, therefore, are the similarities and dissimilarities between Poland and Western Europe? As regards the incidence of delinquency, considerable similarities can be noticed between findings of all national surveys but the English one. In surveys of city samples (those of school youth included), significant similarity can be noticed in the extent of delinquent acts “ever committed” by the young of Warsaw, Helsinki, and Athens. As regards the extent of acts committed “during last year”, the findings obtained in Warsaw are highly similar to those for Helsinki. In Athens, instead, the greatest extent of juvenile delinquency of all examined cities was found. A comparison of acts committed “during last year” indicates a similar intensity of offenses against property among the youth of Warsaw, Belfast, and Liege; as compared to Warsaw, a much greater extent of there offences is found in Helsinki and of Swiss youth, and a decidedly smaller one - in the English and Italian sample. Submitting offenses against property to a closer analysis, one notices that the Polish youth relatively more often commit acts consisting in “breaking and entering” as compared c.g. to young people in England, the Netherlands, or Finland: this type of act was committed at least once by 20.7% of the Polish sample, by 14.9% of the youth of Helsinki, by 3.4% of the English youth, and by 6.9% of the young Dutch. The extent of acts related to drugs (taking and trafficking), among Warsaw youth is similar to that among the young of Portugal and Helsinki, somewhat lower than among the Dutch and Spanish youth, much lower than among the English, Swiss, and Belfast young people, but higher than among the youth of Mannheim, Liege, Athens and the three Italian cities.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1995, XXI; 81-103
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zachowania antyspołeczne a agresja młodzieży nieprzystosowanej i nieprzejawiającej deficytów zachowania
Autorzy:
Sobczak, Sławomir
Zacharuk, Tamara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2054592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
maladjustment
anti-social behaviour
aggression
adolescents
nieprzystosowanie
zachowania antyspołeczne
agresja
młodzież
Opis:
Celem badań było określenie różnic ze względu na przystosowanie i płeć oraz zależności pomiędzy zachowaniami antyspołecznymi a agresją. Badania przeprowadzono wśród młodzieży nieprzystosowanej i nieprzejawiającej deficytów w funkcjonowaniu społecznym na próbie 200-osobowej. Do analizy wykorzystano dwa narzędzia badawcze: Self-Report Delinquency Scale (skala wykolejenia) oraz Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (kwestionariusz agresji) w adaptacji polskiej. Badania wykazały, że określony poziom przystosowania społecznego młodzieży oddziałuje zarówno na zachowania antyspołeczne, jak i na agresję, zatem nieprzystosowanie społeczne charakteryzuje się równocześnie dużą częstością występowania zachowań antyspołecznych i wysokim natężeniem agresji. Zjawiska te występują niezależnie od płci – młode kobiety i mężczyźni nieprzystosowani społecznie cechują się tym samym spektrum wykolejenia i agresji, płeć nie różnicuje badanych symptomów nieprzystosowania. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że im wyższy stopień agresji przejawia młodzież, tym bardziej wzmaga się natężenie zachowania antyspołecznego. Na podstawie estymacji krzywej należy stwierdzić, że niezależnie od tego, jaki stopień natężenia agresji przejawia młodzież, mogą wystąpić zachowania antyspołeczne, a syndrom agresji jedynie podnosi częstość występowania zachowań antyspołecznych (40% zdarzeń), natomiast wykolejenie społeczne młodzieży należy tłumaczyć innymi czynnikami niż agresja (60% zdarzeń).
The aim of the research was to determine differences due to adjustment, gender and dependencies between antisocial behaviours and aggression. The research was conducted on a sample of 200 adolescents who were maladjusted and did not show deficits in social functioning. Two research tools were used for the analysis: Self-Report Delinquency Scale and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, translated into Polish. Research has shown that the level of adolescents’ social adaptation affects both anti-social behaviour and aggression, which means that social maladjustment is characterised both by a high frequency of antisocial behaviour and high degree of aggression. These phenomena occur irrespective of gender – both young women and men who are socially maladjusted are characterised by the same spectrum of derailment and aggression, i.e. gender does not affect the symptoms of maladjustment that were studied. The analyses show that the higher degree of aggression manifested by adolescents, the more intensified anti-social behaviour is. On the basis of curve estimation, it can be stated that regardless of the degree of aggression, adolescents may display antisocial behaviour and aggression syndrome will only increase the antisocial behaviour rate in 40% of cases, while the remaining 60% of the adolescent social derailment can be explained by factors other than aggression.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia; 2020, 33, 4; 263-290
0867-2040
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zaburzenia procesu socjalizacji. Wykolejenie i nieprzystosowanie społeczne młodzieży w ujęciu psychologicznym, społecznym i pedagogicznym
Defects in the Process of Socialization. Derailment and social maladjustment of young people in terms of psychological, social and educational context
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
socjalizacja
niedostosowanie społeczne
wykolejenie społeczne
wykolejenie obyczajowe
wykolejenie przestępcze
socialization
social maladjustment
social derailment
moral derailment
criminal derailment
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kwestie związane z wadliwym procesem socjalizacji młodzieży. Ukazuje ponadto widoczne w literaturze wśród licznych autorów ogromne zróżnicowanie terminologiczne. Ponadto przy okazji analizy różnych stanowisk teoretycznych w tekście omówiono liczne zmienne środowiskowe i psychologiczne warunkujące proces wykolejenia i nieprzystosowania społecznego dorastającej młodzieży. Nie bez znaczenia dla skutecznej resocjalizacji i terapii jest pedagogiczny aspekt zjawiska nieprzystosowania społecznego. W artykule przedstawiono więc obok psychologicznych i socjologicznych koncepcji społecznego wykolejenia również pedagogiczne rozumienie tego procesu.
This article takes on issues related to faulty societal process in terms of deranged adolescents. It is also evident in various literatures among the many authors with diversified terminology. In addition, given the opportunity to analyze various theories, a number of texts address social groups and the process of psychological aberration and maladjustment of juveniles. Of utmost significance for effective rehabilitation (re-socialization) and therapy is the pedagogical aspect of social aberration. Besides the psychological and sociological concept of social aberration, this article also articulates pedagogical understanding of this process.
Źródło:
Rocznik Wydziału Pedagogicznego Akademii Ignatianum; 2013, 16; 35-60
2299-4890
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Wydziału Pedagogicznego Akademii Ignatianum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z TEORII I PRAKTYKI PRACY Z UCZNIEM ZAGROŻONYM NIEDOSTOSOWANIEM SPOŁECZNYM W SZKOLE PODSTAWOWEJ
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING WITH STUDENTS AT RISK OF SOCIAL MALADJUSTMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Autorzy:
Matusek, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/479833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
niedostosowanie społeczne,
zagrożenie niedostosowaniem społecznym,
socjoterapia,
kształcenie specjalne,
orzeczenie o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego
social maladjustment,
the threat of social maladjustment,
socio-therapy,
special education,
a certificate of special education
Opis:
Opracowanie porusza zagadnienia związane z pracą z uczniem zagrożonym niedostosowaniem społecznym w szkole podstawowej. W publikacji wskazano różnice pomiędzy niedostosowaniem społecznym a zagrożeniem niedostosowania społecznego, symptomy niedostosowania społecznego, zasady organizowania pomocy psychologiczno- -pedagogicznej uczniom zagrożonym niedostosowaniem społecznym na terenie szkoły, poruszono kwestię działalności poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych oraz orzecznictwa, dokonano przeglądu testów diagnostycznych stosowanych w poradniach, wskazano cele i zadania zajęć o charakterze socjoterapeutycznym. Opracowanie uzupełnia zagadnienie współpracy szkoły z instytucjami i placówkami oświatowymi, podejmowanej w celu niwelowania zagrożenia niedostosowaniem społecznym.
This work presents issues connected with the work with students who are at risk of social maladjustment in primary school. The publication pointed out the differences between social maladjustment and the threat of it, paid attention to the symptoms of social maladjustment, discussed the principles of organizing the psychological and pedagogical help for students at risk of social maladjustment in their schools, described the work of psychological and pedagogical clinics. Diagnostic tests used in clinics were examined, tests and goals of socio-therapeutic activities were established. There is also some information about the cooperation between schools and other educational institutions undertaken to help reduce the risk of social maladjustment.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas. Pedagogika; 2015, 10; 145-157
1896-4591
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas. Pedagogika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki badań poziomu wiadomości szkolnych młodzieży „nie uczącej się i nie pracującej”
The results of research into the school knowledge level of ‘not learning and not working’ youth
Autorzy:
Marek, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699310.pdf
Data publikacji:
1972
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodzież
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
badania socjologiczne
poziom wiedzy
szkoła
youth
sociological research
social maladjustment
knowledge level
school
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 118-133
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki badań 432 chłopców “nie uczących się i nie pracujących”
Findings of the Research among Boys
Autorzy:
Kołakowska-Przełomiec, Helena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699306.pdf
Data publikacji:
1972
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
młodzież
badania kryminologiczne
social maladjustment
boys
youth
criminological research
Opis:
The boys examined in the l967/68 school year (the first year in which the educational authorities registered this category of youth) were older than the subjects in the following year. As has been already indicated, 43 per cent of the boys in 1967/68 had passed their 17th birthday, compared to only 23 per cent in 1968/69. It is worth noting, however, that the number of l5-year-olds was small, only 23 and 36 per cent respectively. Since only a third of all the subjects were at least 17 at the time of registration, the question of the employment of these boys in the period preceding their referral to vocational school is not worth entering into. The basic point is connected with the course of their school attendance – the degree to which the process of education at elementary school was disrupted and the length of time these boys had been out of school (among those who had completed the 7th grade and also those who had discontinued attendance at a normal vocational school). The surveys revealed the important fact that only a small percentage of the youth described as “out of school and out of work” had in actual fact been absent from school for a period of more than six months (including the summer holiday): in the two succeeding years the number of boys of this kind was 28 and 21 per cent, while the number who had no breaks in school attendance whatsoever was 33 per cent in the first year and as much as 77 per cent in the next. On the other hand, the process of education had been highly disturbed: among the subjects attending one-year vocational schools only 21 per cent had no record of retardation at elementary school, and barely one per cent in the two-year schools. Among the boys attending the one-year schools 28 and 24 per cent had dropped two years behind, and 11 and 18 per cent three years or more. The boys in the two-year schools who had completed only 4 - 6 grades were of course even more retarded: in 1967/68 retardation of two years was shown by 28 per cent and in 1968/69 by 45 per cent, and three years or more by 52 and 39 per cent respectively. As many as 70 – 80 per cent of all the subjects had been systematically truant from elementary school, and about two-thirds had long-lasting disciplinary difficulties. In considering these boys’ failures at school, attention should be given to the results of tests of their achievement level and of their scores in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. On the whole the subjects’ achievement level in mathematics differed markedly from that of a comparative sample of children in corresponding grades of elementary school. Bad marks in mathematics were scored by 62 and 64 per cent of the boys in the one-year schools and 83 and 86 per cent of the boys in the two-year schools. There were also considerable differences in achievement in Polish between the subjects and the control group. Particular emphasis should be given to the bad scores recorded in silent reading and comprehension tests not only by many of the boys in the two-year schools who had not completed the 7th grade but also by many of the boys in the one-year schools. This low achievement level in basic subjects was undoubtedly a serious obstacle to learning progress for the majority of the subjects, not only earlier at elementary school, but also at vocational school. Raven’s Progressive Matrices testing, first of all, reasoning ability revealed in 1967/68 a larger percentage of boys with low and very low scores than in the control group. The subjects in the one-year schools had better scores than the subjects in the two-year school. In the following year, 1968/69, however, the percentage with low and very low scores decreased, though it remained higher among the boys attending two-year schools than one-year schools. The Raven’s Progressive Matrices scores do not, however, explain all the reasons for the boys’ great degree of school retardation, since there was a fairly large group which had good and very good scores. Their failure at school must be connected with other factors than low reasoning ability. These may be deficiencies in other mental abilities, personality disorders, neglect at home, etc. In examining the degree of social maladjustment (the criteria were discussed earlier) of the boys surveyed in 1967/68 it was found that: 1) only 28 per cent of the boys could be judged seriously socially maladjusted; they displayed a number of symptoms of marked demoralization and committed offences (theft); 2) 35 per cent could be called moderately maladjusted: they had been out of school or out of work longer than six months, had been frequently truant, and some of them also displayed other symptoms of maladjustment of a less marked order: 3) a relatively large group (36 per cent) were boys who by and large displayed only symptoms of school maladjustment, and symptoms of demoralization only sporadically. It should be added that the number of seriously maladjusted boys was much smaller in the one-year schools (25 per cent) than among those who had not completed the 7th grade and had been placed in the two-year schools (33 per cent). It is worth drawing attention to the fact that boys with various Raven scores and various achievement levels in basic subjects can be found in similar percentages both among the group of boys only  slightly socially maladjusted and the group of boys moderately or seriously maladjusted. However, the more socially maladjusted boys had worse home backgrounds than the others and no doubt suffered from greater personality disorders since they had already earlier caused more serious disciplinary problems. The greater degree of maladjustment among this groups of boys who had made bad progress at school was, therefore, affected by factors connected with personality and home background. It should be noted that 34 per cent of the subjects in 1967/68 and 33 per cent in 1968/69 came from broken homes. Fathers who were excessive drinkers (alcohol addicts among them) constituted 41 per cent of the total, and the number of brothers (over ten years of age) who displayed various symptoms of social maladjustment came to 30 per cent. Bad material conditions were found in almost half the homes of the subjects. The surveys revealed that the percentage of boys “out of school and out of work” who had appeared before juvenile courts was relatively small. Among the total number of subjects (432), only 28.4 per cent had been prosecuted before being directed to vocational school. In the period of attendance to vocational school and later a total of 39 boys were convicted, but only 14 of those had previous convictions. The percentage of boys brought to court rose only very slightly to 31.7 per cent, and it should be emphasized that the percentage of recidivists with three or more cases among the total number convicted came to only 24 per cent (including juvenile court appearances). A large majority of the subjects are therefore boys who were not seriously delinquent even though they displayed a whole series of symptoms of social maladjustment. The careers of the boys after placement in vocational schools are basically contingent on the degree of their social maladjustment, and only this, and not appearance in court, forms the proper criterion for assessing the difficulties encountered by efforts to normalize these boys. Although the subjects’ attendance at the vocational schools was not regular and there was a considerable degree of absenteeism from the practical training periods, while a large percentage (53 and 41 per cent in the two succeeding years) failed to complete the vocational course on time, follow-up studies showed that only a third of the subjects in 1967/68 and a fifth in 1968/69 had not subsequently continued their education or entered employment. These boys, in the case of whom attempts at rehabilitation had been wholly unsuccessful, did not exceed 25 per cent of the total of 432. Virtually all of them came from the group of subjects with serious prior social maladjustment who had long displayed advanced symptoms of demoralization.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 32-83
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki badań 110 dziewcząt “nie uczących się i nie pracujących”
Findings of the Research among Girls
Autorzy:
Ostrihanska, Zofia
Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699308.pdf
Data publikacji:
1972
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
badania kryminologiczne
młodzież
dziewczęta
social maladjustment
criminological research
girls
youth
Opis:
The publication presents the findings of an inquiry conducted among 110 girls aged 15 - 17 who had been directed, on the grounds of being “out of school and out of work”, to two one-year vocational schools in Warsaw (catering and clothing). All the girls enrolled in these schools were the subjects of the study. The first point to be established was whether the girls classified as “out of school and out of work” had in fact not been attending school or gainfully employed for a longer period of time prior to admission. In point of fact the job question did not really enter the picture since almost all the subjects had never yet been employed, partly on account of their age: only 31 per cent of them had reached their 17th birthday at the time of the inquiry. Most of them had previously been attending school, while the period of idleness was as a rule very short: as many as 70 per cent had been in attendance until the end of the preceding school year and had found themselves without a place at the beginning of the new one. The number which had quit or interrupted school attendance in the course of the preceding school year came to 24 per cent; only 6 per cent had longer breaks in schooling of a year or more. However, if we forego this formal criterion of non-attendance and take into account not only failure to enroll in a school, but also systematic truancy, it turns out that the number not attending school is much larger: two-thirds of the subjects had either left school or, though nominally in attendance had in fact been systematically truant in the course of the preceding school year. The question of the criteria employed to classify young people as “out of school and out of work” merits special emphasis because, as we shall see, it was systematic staying away from school though nominally enrolled rather than brief official breaks in attendance which proved bad prediction for subsequent adjustment in the one-year vocational school. Two-thirds of the girl subjects had fallen behind in elementary school, and among 46 per cent this retardation came to at least two years. The school retardation of the subjects was not only much greater than the general rate among children in the higher grades of elementary school in Poland, but also greater than among boy subjects attending analogous one-year vocational schools. So large a degree of school retardation prompts the question whether poor progress was not due to the diminished intelligence level of the subjects. This point was examined with the help of Raven’s Progressive Matrices, tests of achievement in basic subjects, and the opinions obtained from teachers at the schools which the subjects had previously attended. A large percentage of the girls (41 per cent) had low and very low Raven scores (under 25 percentiles). Girls attending one-year vocational schools had far worse scores than average school children, and worse ones than boys attending one-year vocational schools and even than boys attending two-year vocational schools. These Raven scores must be put into the context of data obtained by other means. As had been said, tests were made of the level of achievement in basic subjects (Polish and mathematics). The percentage of subjects who displayed a very low level of achievement was greater than the percentage with low and very low Raven scores. The girls attending one-year vocational schools differed markedly in level of achievement from the control group of elementary school children. Additional information on the abilities of the subjects was obtained from questionnaires answered by teachers at the schools which these girls had previously attended. On this evidence, more of them were found to be “dull” than had been suggested by their Raven scores. The variations in the data obtained from different sources require clarification. Raven’s Progressive Matrices test only certain abilities (reasoning visual perception) important to learning. But there are also a number of other abilities which play a part in progress at school (e.g. memory, audial perception, verbal abilities) and deficiencies where these are concerned might have contributed to the low scores of the subjects in the tests of achievement and to the teachers’ estimates of their abilities. The failures or difficulties of a part of the subjects at school might have been connected with disturbances in these particular learning abilities. But they might equally well have been due to personality factors or – and this seems especially important given the evidence obtained in interviews – to considerable neglect at home. The school retardation of the subjects, their achievement level, their low Raven scores and the teachers’ opinions of their poor abilities are all signs that their being “out of school and out of work” was clearly bound up with failures at school and objective difficulties with learning. The next question was the degree of social maladjustment of the subjects. Only a small number of the girls (18 per cent) had no record of considerable school retardation, presented no particular problems of conduct at school, and displayed no symptoms of social maladjustment. The biggest quantitative problem among the subjects were the girls (almost half) who only manifested evidence of maladjustment as regards school work, i.e. retardation of two or more years, systematic truancy, and repeated discontinuance of school attendance. Only a third of the girls were found, however, to have other symptoms of social maladjustment: keeping demoralized company, running away from home, excessive drinking, stealing and suspected sexual promiscuity. It was only these girls in whom the relevant symptom or symptoms had occurred frequently or jointly that were classified as socially maladjusted. It should be added, however, that only three of the girls had been previously convicted, only 10 per cent were found to have committed thefts and only 10 per cent were suspected of sexual promiscuity. These percentages are insignificant when compared to those found in girls brought before the courts. However, for a third of the girls to reveal evidence of social maladjustment constitutes a relatively large proportion if it is compared with the degree of social maladjustment found in an average schoolgirl population. In the inquiry a comparison was made of the girls who displayed only symptoms of maladjustment at school (notably considerable school retardation) with those whose behaviour indicated evidence of social maladjustment as well. It was found that the subjects in the latter category tended indeed to come more frequently from adverse home environments and were more often described by school teachers as excitable, restless and aggressive. Although systematic truancy has in this study been placed under the heading of maladjustment at school, it proved in fact to be more frequent among the socially maladjusted girls than those who displayed only school maladjustment. This fact, as well as evidence of a connection between social maladjustment and certain personality features, suggest that it is not difficulties and failures at school as such, but the modes of reaction to them that lead to major maladjustment. The next point tackled by the inquiry related to the environmental, health and personality factors behind the subjects’ non-attendance of school and lack of employment. Here the data was obtained by means of background interviews and interviews with 62 of the girls who qualified most obviously for the designation of “out of school and out of work” on account of interrupted school attendance and systematic truancy. Of these 62 girts, as many as 44 per cent came from broken homes. Among their families there was a high incidence (47 per cent) of excessive drinking by the father. A third of the fathers had criminal convictions and in 30 per cent of the families there were brothers with convictions. This data indicates that the girls who were “out of school and out of work” had frequently been brought up in homes which constituted socially negative educative environments and got their children off to a bad start in life. Health data showed that 29 per cent of the girls “out of school and out of work” had suffered various protracted illnesses resulting in long absences from school which could have led to low achievement level. Hospital or sanatorium treatment had been prescribed at some time for 44 per cent. The interviews afforded grounds for suspecting that 23 per cent had suffered brain damage. These are all factors which interfere with progress at school. But they are obstacles which could have been more easily overcome if the girls could have counted on the help and care of their families; in the home environment in which many of the subjects grew up, on the other hand, they formed serious barriers to normal results at school. Finally progress at school has been analysed in 110 pupils attending one-year schools as well as their accomplishment in a successive year. A total of 40 per cent of the subjects attended the one-year vocational schools very irregularly, cutting over a quarter of the days of instruction. This poor attendance record had a statistically significant interdependence with systematic truancy in the preceding school year (though insignificant with the break in school attendance prior to enrolment in the one-year vocational school). This indicates that truancy schould be regarded by schools as a particularly urgent warning to pay greater attention to the children involved. Irregular attendance of the one-year vocational schools was also connected with social maladjustment in the period preceding admission. The girls with the greatest degree of social maladjustment were the ones who found it hardest to adapt in the vocational schools. A year after the end of the school year in which the inquiry was conducted, follow-up interviews were made in order to see if the former pupils of the one year vocational schools were still attending school or gainfully employed. It was found that almost half the girls were continuing their education and 29 per cent were working (half of them in jobs matching their vocational qualifications); only about a fifth were “out of school and out of work”. The reasons they gave for this varied and in certain cases the fact that they were neither attending school nor working was clearly justified by special circumstances.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 84-117
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wychowanie religijne w biografiach młodzieży zagrożonej niedostosowaniem społecznym – prezentacja wyników badań
Religious upbringing in biographies of young people at risk of social maladjustment - presentation of research results
Autorzy:
Okraska, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
wychowanie religijne
wychowanie w nauczaniu Kościoła Katolickiego
religijność
młodzież zagrożona niedostosowaniem społecznym
resocjalizacja
religious upbringing
upbringing in the teaching of the Catholic Church
religious
youth’s at risk of social maladjustment
social rehabilitation
Opis:
Poniższa praca jest prezentacją wyników badań zrealizowanych na potrzeby pracy magisterskiej. Przedmiotem badania było wychowanie religijne młodzieży zagrożonej niedostosowaniem społecznym, a proces badawczy poświęcony był diagnozie stanu wychowania religijnego oraz opisowi przebiegu tego wychowania. Badanie było przeprowadzone w oparciu o metodę biograficzną z wykorzystaniem techniki wywiadu swobodnego. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że wychowanie religijne badanej młodzieży jest ograniczone w swoich przejawach oraz wystąpiło głównie w okresie edukacji początkowej.
The following paper is a presentation of the results of the research carried out for the Master's thesis. The subject of the study was the religious upbringing of young people at risk of social maladjustment, where the research process was devoted to the diagnosis of the state of religious upbringing and the description of the course of this upbringing. The authors chose the biographical method research with the use of the unstructured interview technique. The conducted research shows that religious upbringing of the examined youth is limited in its manifestations and occurred mainly in the period of early education.
Źródło:
Forum Pedagogiczne; 2021, 11, 1; 345-361
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:
Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wstęp
Itroduction
Autorzy:
Batawia, Stanisław
Ostrihanska, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699282.pdf
Data publikacji:
1972
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodzież nie ucząca się i nie pracująca
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
dzieci
młodzież
boys and girls out of school and out of work
social maladjustment
juvenile
Opis:
    The paper discusses the findings of research conducted by the Department of Criminology of the Polish Academy Sciences’ Institute of Legal Sciences among Warsaw 15 - 17 years-olds who left school but were not gainfully employed, and were subject to the requirement of compulsory vocational training. The problem of this category of youth is of considerable social importance since it is closely connected with the problem of delinquent or socially at risk youth. In 1967 and 1968 the educational authorities in Warsaw registered 5,749 boys and 2,477 girls aged 15 - 17 who were “out of school and out of work”. The Department’s surveys embraced a sample of only a proportion of the youth subject to registration, but it included in all probability a large majority of the boys and girls whose normal education had suffered the greatest disturbances: 1) ones who had completed only four, five or six grades of elementary school and had been directed to newly organized two-year vocational schools; and 2) ones who had completed the 7th grade but had failed to qualify for admission to the 8th grade or to a normal vocational school and had been directed to newly organized one-year vocational schools. The object of organizing these one- and two-year vocational schools was to give the kind of children who drop out of the normal educational stream the chance of learning a trade and also those attending the two-year schools the possibility of continuing their elementary education. It should be noted that in the one-year schools classes are held only twice a week, and in the two-year schools three times a week. The remaining days are given over to practical in-work training. In the 1967/68 school year the Department’s inquiry was conducted among boys attending one- and two-year building and electrical schools and a one-year motor mechanics school; they accounted for 52 per cent of the boys with the greatest degree of school retardation. In the following year, 1968/69, the subjects were boys attending one- and two-year building and electrical schools, to which 60 per cent of boys in this category had been directed. In 1967 a sample for each school was drawn from a complete list of the pupils in attendance, providing a sample of 180 boys. In 1968 the survey embraced all the boys (a total of 252) at these two schools. In 1968/69 the inquiry was extended to include girls as well: the subjects were all the girls enrolled at a one-year catering school (70) and a one-year clothing school (40). As regards the age of the boys assigned to these vocational courses, 43 per cent were over 17 in the first survey, and 23 per cent in the second; the remainder were aged 15 and 16. Girls over 17 formed 31 per cent of the sample. The selection for the Department’s survey of pupils whose normal education had probably suffered the most serious disruptions made it reasonable to suppose that distinct symptoms of social maladjustment would be found among them. To ascertain the incidence of such symptoms and the size of the category of youth with clearly delinquent tendencies or records was one of the chief objects of the inquiry. However, the working hypothesis was that 15 - I7-year-olds “out of school and out of work” were recruited from among the sort of boys and girls who had in the first place had serious problems with the elementary school course and that these difficulties had played a large part in their social maladjustment. As regards the degree of their social maladjustment it seemed likely that they were far less demoralized than the majority of juveniles with criminal convictions and tendencies to recidivism. In the inquiry whose findings are discussed below the following breaches of the fundamental rules of society or the standards of behaviour expected of children and youth were considered evidence of maladjustment: 1) persistent truancy; 2) staying out of school and out of work; 3) keeping demoralized company; 4) running away from home; 5) excessive drinking; 6) delinquency; 7) sexual promiscuity among the girls. Account was further taken of symptoms indicating serious school maladjustment: considerable school retardation and frequent commencement and discontinuance of attendance at different schools. Only those subjects of the inquiry were classified as maladjusted in the case of whom evidence was obtained that they were given to conduct of a certain type and that they regularly displayed a combination of deviational symptoms and not only a single isolated one. It should be indicated that in view of the impossibility of conducting medical and psychological examinations crucial aspects of the genesis and mechanism of difficulties at school and behaviour disorders could not be properly investigated. The inquiry had necessarily to be restricted to symptomatic and not etiological criteria of maladjustment. These were, however, enough to identify on the basis of the degree of neglect of school work and specific behaviour certain boys and girls as being socially maladjusted to some extent or another ‒ which was the main purpose of the research undertaken among this category of youth and made it largely possible to single out the children in need of care and attention. Recourse was had in the inquiry to opinions about the subjects collected from their elementary and vocational schools and from the work-places in which they underwent practical training, to court and police records, etc. Tn addition, in 1967/68 background interviews were conducted in the homes of the subjects. Both in the first and second survey tests were made of their level of achievement in Polish and mathematics at schools and of their intelligence on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. The inquiry was supplemented by follow-up studies which for the boys in each of the successive years embraced a period of 2 2/3 years and l 2/3 years (including the period of vocational school attendance). The paper in question runs to 140 pp. of print and consists of a number of contributions: Introduction; Section 1, devoted chiefly to the criteria of social maladjustment among children and youth (written by Z. Ostrihanska); Section 2, discussing the findings of the studies of 432 boys (written by H. Kołakowska-Przełomiec); Section 3, reporting on the studies of 110 girls (written by Z. Ostrihanska, in association with A. Kossowska); Section 4, containing the results of the tests of the boys’ and girls’ achievements in Polish and mathematics (written by M. Marek); and a resume of the results of all the research and the conclusions to be drawn from it (written by S. Batawia).
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 8-14
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work characteristics and the educational role of the employees in youth educational and sociotherapy centers
Autorzy:
Ewa, Sygit-Kowalkowska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-09
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
youth educational centers
youth sociotherapy centers
work
social maladjustment
stress
Opis:
The purpose of youth educational centers and sociotherapy centers is to work with children and young people experiencing functioning disorders of various origins. The special role of these institutions means that working in this field is extremely demanding for employees. Therefore, the aim of the article was to present the characteristics of psychosocial working conditions in educational and sociotherapy centers. Research in this area was reviewed. Potential relationships between the features of the work environment and the performed therapeutic work were shown. The need to continue research in this area as well as to create workplace prevention actions dedicated for this professional group was underlined.
Źródło:
Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2020, 59(17); 195-209
0033-2860
Pojawia się w:
Psychologia Wychowawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielokrotnie karani recydywiści w wieku 26-35 lat w świetle badań kryminologicznych
Persistent Recidivists Aged Between 26 and 35 in the Light of Criminological Research
Autorzy:
Archiwum Kryminologii, Redakcja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698908.pdf
Data publikacji:
1969
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość
recydywa
młodociani
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
crime
recidivism
juvenile
social maladjustment
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1969, IV; 7-10
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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