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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 63
Tytuł:
Effect of moisture treatment on the ultraweak luminescence from imbibing wheat grain
Autorzy:
Tryka, S.
Wozniak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25174.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
imbibing
moisture
structure
wheat
ultraweak luminescence
grain
endosperm
mealy grain
porous structure
germination
seed
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 1998, 12, 2
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luminescence and photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton - a brief presentation of new results
Autorzy:
Wozniak, B.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
marine phytoplankton
pigment
luminescence
chlorophyll a
photosynthetic pigment
interaction
phytoplankton
light absorption
photosynthesis
Opis:
This volume contains a set of eight papers presenting the results of the latest research into the interaction of light with marine phytoplankton by teams from the Marine Physics Department at the IO PAS in Sopot, and the Department of Environmental Physics at the Pedagogical University of Słupsk. These results were presented at the ‘Second Workshop on Luminescence and Photosynthesis of Marine Phytoplankton’ (Sopot–Paraszyno, 11–15 October 1999) sponsored by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research. This introductory article discusses the most important assumptions and objectives of the research, and outlines the latest results. These are subsequently discussed in detail in the following papers: (1) Majchrowski & Ostrowska, Influence of photo- and chromatic acclimation on pigment composition in the sea, (2) Woźniak et al., Model of the ‘in vivo’ spectral absorption of algal pigments. Part 1. Mathematical apparatus, (3) Majchrowski et al., Model of the ‘in vivo’ spectral absorption of algal pigments. Part 2. Practical applications of the model, (4)Ostrowska et al., Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 1. Theory of classical ‘in situ’ chlorophyll fluorometry, (5) Ostrowska et al., Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 2. Fluorometric method of chlorophyll a determination, (6) Ficek et al., Influence of non-photosynthetic pigments on the measured quantum yield of photosynthesis, (7) Ficek et al., Variability of the portion of functional PS2 reaction centres in the light of a fluorometric study. For the reader’s convenience, we append a list of the symbols denoting the physical quantities used in the texts. The nomenclature and denotations are in line with the conventions employed in the subject literature.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 1. Theory of classical in situ chlorophyll fluorometry
Autorzy:
Ostrowska, M.
Majchrowski, R.
Matorin, D.N.
Wozniak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
marine phytoplankton
variability
luminescence
in situ
fluorescence
depth
sea
fluorometric method
phytoplankton
ocean
chlorophyll
light absorption
Opis:
The range of variability of the fluorescence properties of marine phytoplankton in different trophic types of seas and at different depths in the sea is analysed theoretically. An attempt is also made to interpret artificially induced in situ fluorescence measured with submersible fluorometers. To do this, earlier optical models of light absorption by phytoplankton (see Woźniak et al. 2000, this volume) and actual empirical data were applied. A straightforward theoretical model of artificially photoinduced phytoplankton fluorescence accounting for the complex influence of different photophysiological characteristics of phytoplankton and the optical characteristics of the instrument has been worked out. A physical method of determining chlorophyll a concentrations in seawater from fluorescence measured in situ with contact fluorometers can be based on this model.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 2. Fluorometric method of chlorophyll a determination
Autorzy:
Ostrowska, M.
Matorin, D.N.
Ficek, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
variability
luminescence
determination
chlorophyll a
fluorescence
sea
fluorometric method
phytoplankton
ocean
chlorophyll
Opis:
Two methods of determining the chlorophyll a concentration in the sea have been formulated on the basis of artificially induced fluorescence measured with the aid of submersible fluorometers. The method of statistical correlation is founded on the empirical relationship between fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration. The theoretical model of fluorescence described in Part 1 of this paper (see Ostrowska et al. 2000, this volume) provides the basis of the other method, the physical method. This describes the dependence of the specific fluorescence of phytoplankton on the chlorophyll concentration, a diversity of photophysiological properties of phytoplankton and the optical characteristics of the fluorometer. In order to assess their practicability, the methods were subjected to empirical verification. This showed that the physical method yielded chlorophyll concentrations of far greater accuracy. The respective error factors of the estimated chlorophyll concentration were x = 2.07 for the correlation method and x = 1.5 for the physical method. This means that the statistical logarithmic error varies from −52 to +107% in the case of the former method but only from −33 to +51% in the case of the latter. Thus, modifying the methodology has much improved the accuracy of chlorophyll determinations.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of phytoplankton photosynthesis rate using a pump-and-probe fluorometer
Autorzy:
Antal, T.K.
Venediktov, P.S.
Matorin, D.N.
Ostrowska, M.
Wozniak, B.
Rubin, A.B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
phytoplankton
photosynthesis rate
photosynthesis measurement
fluorometer
plant luminescence
fluorometric method
primary production
Opis:
In this work we have studied the possibility of determining the rate of phytoplankton photosynthesis in situ using a submersible pump-and-probe fluorometer in water areas differing in their trophic level, as well as in climatic and hydrophysical characteristics. A biophysical model was used to describe the relationship between photosynthesis, underwater irradiance, and the intensity of phytoplankton fluorescence excited by an artificial light source. Fluorescence intensity was used as a measure of light absorption by phytoplankton and for assessing the efficiency of photochemical energy conversion at photosynthetic reaction centers. Parameters of the model that could not be measured experimentally were determined by calibrating fluorescence and irradiance data against the primary production measured in the Baltic Sea with the radioactive carbon method. It was shown that the standard deviation of these parameters in situ did not exceed 20%, and the use of their mean values to estimate the phytoplankton photosynthetic rate showed a good correlation between the calculated and measured data on primary production in the Baltic (r = 0.89), Norwegian (r = 0.77) and South China (r = 0.76) Seas.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 3; 291-313
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of aromatic fractions of low-temperature coal tars with the use of synchronous luminescence technique
Autorzy:
Matuszewska, A.
Czaja, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1204923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
synchronous luminescence
coal primary tar
Opis:
The qualitative analysis by synchronous luminescence technique was performed on aromatic fractions of primary tars obtained from humic and sapropelic coals (from Upper Silesia Basin). The synchronous luminescence technique, called also the technique of spectral fractionation, consists in the record of a spectrum at the constant difference between the positions of emission and excitation monochromators (Dl). This difference is calculated as a result of subtraction of effective emission and excitation wavelengths characterising compounds identified in investigated mixture. In relation with conventional luminescence technique, giving broad, low resolved bands in the conditions of ambient temperature, the synchronous luminescence technique enables to obtain well resolved and simplified spectra that facilitate the identification of individual components of the mixture. The application of this technique to analysis of aromatic fractions composition of primary tars from coals of various genesis and technological properties (sapropelic and humic coals) has shown a general similarity of composition with predomination of aromatic compounds containing 2-4 condensed rings. In the sample derived from sapropelic coal, a markedly higher intensity of bands is observed, attributed to aromatics of lower condensation degree (2-3 condensed rings), in relation with the bands of aromatics with higher intensity (3-4 condensed rings). The reverse relation is observed for sample from humic coal. In both analysed samples, a series of the following individual compounds has been identified from groups of aromatics: naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, benzofluorenes, anthracenes, pyrenes, and benz(a)anthracenes. Smaller amounts of benz(a)pyrenes, benz(ghi)perylene, and 3, 4-9, 10-dibenzopyrene were also encountered. The technique of synchronous luminescence made possible, therefore, the identification of individual components of complex mixture of aromatic compounds in coal derived products. This technique is thus of great value for the characteristics of aromatic compounds in thermolysis products of coal, in the cognitive aspect, as well as in monitoring of environment.
Źródło:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2002, 7; 181-188
1507-9791
Pojawia się w:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How do marine bacteria produce light, why are they luminescent, and can we employ bacterial bioluminescence in aquatic biotechnology?
Autorzy:
Wegrzyn, G.
Czyz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47472.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
aquatic biotechnology
bacterial bioluminescence
luminescence
marine pollution
environment
DNA repair
animal
bacteria
light
fungi
bioluminescence
marine bacteria
Opis:
Bioluminescence, the phenomenon of light production by living organisms, occurs in forms of life as various as bacteria, fungi and animals. Nevertheless, light-emitting bacteria are the most abundant and widespread of luminescent organisms. Interestingly, most species of such bacteria live in marine environments. In this article, the biochemical mechanism of bacterial luminescence and its genetic regulation are summarized. Although the biochemistry and genetics of light emission by cells have been investigated in detail, the biological role of bacterial luminescence has remained obscure. Here, we discuss recent discoveries that shed new light on this problem. Finally, we provide examples of how bacterial luminescence can be employed in marine biotechnology, especially in the detection of toxic and mutagenic pollution in aquatic environments.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2002, 44, 3
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of sedimentological composition on OSL dating of glaciofluvial deposits : examples from Estonia
Autorzy:
Raukas, A.
Stankowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Pleistocene chronostratigraphy
deglaciation history
ice marginal formations
glaciofluvial deposits
luminescence dating
Opis:
We assess the suitability of luminescence (TL and OSL) dating techniques for establishing a precise Late Pleistocene chronology for the northern Baltic area, and show on the basis of the fine sand/coarse silt fraction of subaqueous deposits, how sedimentological composition influences the dates obtained. Turbidity, loading by fine suspended material, water depth, velocity of outwash streams and transport length, and also perhaps rapid night-time sedimentation and incorporation of older, unbleached particles are factors that variably influence the extent of bleaching of the luminescence signal, and thus, cause variability of dates obtained. Alongside reliable dates for "late-glacial" deposits between 11 000-15 000 OSL years BP, many entirely unreliable dates from 8 000 ±300 to 114 000 ±8 000 OSL years BP have been obtained. This means that the age determination of glaciofluvial deposits is extremely difficult in practice. This applies particularly to intermorainic sediments, the exact genesis of which is unknown. The paper is addressed to the investigators wishing to use luminescence dating techniques to establishing the Pleistocene chronostratigraphy of glaciofluvial deposits.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2005, 49, 4; 463--470
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ NaCl na mrozoodporność siewek żyta odmiany Amilo
Effect of NaCl on frost resistance of winter rye cv. Amilo
Autorzy:
Matuszak, R.
Brzóstowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/289067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
żyto
mrozoodporność
NaCl
luminescencja opóźniona
konduktometria
winter rye
frost resistance
delayed luminescence
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu zasolenia podłoża na mrozoodporność siewek żyta odmiany Amilo. Doświadczenie prowadzono w warunkach kontrolowanych, na pożywce Hoaglanda, zmodyfikowanej dodatkiem NaCl w stężeniach: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 i 150 mmol·dm-3. Metodą luminescencyjną wykazano, że w siewkach żyta, hartowanych na niską temperaturę, które rosły na pożywce z dodatkiem NaCl blokowanie transportu elektronowego zachodziło w niższej temperaturze niż u roślin kontrolnych. Gradient potencjału na błonach tylakoidalnych niehartowanych i hartowanych siewek żyta nie zależał od zasolenia. Metodą konduktometryczną stwierdzono, że odporność błon komórkowych siewek żyta na niską temperaturę zmniejszała się pod wpływem NaCl, zarówno siewek niehartowanych jak i hartowanych.
The influence of salt stress on frost resistance of winter rye, cultivar Amilo seedlings was studied. Plants were grown on Hoagland medium, containing NaCl in concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mmol·dm-3. By detection of delayed luminescence one drew the conclusion, that blocking electron transport in hardened plants occured at lower temperature in seedlings exposed to salinity than in control plants. Gradient of potential induced on thylacoid membranes in unhardened and hardened plants practically did not depend on salinity. Conductometric method showed that the used solutions of NaCl decreased the sensibility of the seedlings to low temperature both the unhardened and hardened plants.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2005, R. 9, nr 4, 4; 15-22
1429-7264
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Rolnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rate of loess accumulation in Europe in the Late Weichselian (Late Vistulian)
Autorzy:
Fedorowicz, S.
Łanczont, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
European loess
Upper Weichselian
mass accumulation rates (MAR)
TL age
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
Opis:
The European loess profiles provides evidence of changes in climate in the last glacial cycle. The final stage of loess accumulation took place in the youngest part of the last glacial (28 to 12 ka BP). Loess accumulated in two periods: from 28 to 18 ka BP and from 18 to 13 ka BP. These two stages were separated by a short phase of weaker aeolian activity and weak pedogenesis (initial tundra gleyed soils). The loess sedimentation rate can be defined as a mass accumulation rate (MAR ex pressed in g/m2/year). This value was calculated by Frechen et al. (2003) for several dozen loess sites across western and central Europe. In this paper we calculate the MAR for several loess sites in Poland and Ukraine. The MAR distribution across Poland and Ukraine is uneven in these two intervals. The MAR values oscillate between 100 to several thou sand g/m2/year. They markedly in crease eastwards, which may be explained by the latitudinal gradient of periglacial climate in the LateWeichselian (= Late Vistulian). The MAR distribution along a N-S trend confirms its large range in western and central Europe. However, the most easterly profiles (Polish and Ukrainian ones) show less variable thick nesses as the MAR was stable at a relatively low level from several hundred to more than a thou sand g/m2/year. This stability of the MAR characterized both loess-forming intervals in this part of Europe.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2007, 51, 2; 193-202
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliability of light-stimulated photoluminescence (PSL) in detection of irradiated food comparison with thermoluminescence method (TL)
Autorzy:
Guzik, G. P.
Stachowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
irradiation
detection
food products
spices
herbs
blends
photostimulated luminescence (PPSL)
thermoluminescence (TL)
Opis:
The detection of irradiation of several classes of food products with the use of thermoluminescence (TL) and photostimulated luminescence (PPSL) has been proceeded. The comparison of the results obtained by both methods has been done and reliability of the PPSL method as compared with the TL method evaluated. Conclusion concerning the usefulness of such evaluation to the practice has been drawn.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 1; 25-29
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyki wzbudzeniowo-emisyjne materiałów luminescencyjnych domieszkowanych cerem i chromem
Excitation-emission characteristics of phosphors doped with cerium and chromium ions
Autorzy:
Mierczyk, Z.
Kałdoński, G.
Włodarski, M.
Kaliszewski, M.
Mierczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/209346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
spektrofluorymetria
fluorescencja
luminofory
półprzewodnikowe źródła światła białego
diody elektroluminescencyjne
spectrofluorimetry
luminescence
phosphor
semiconductor sources of white light
LEDs
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań materiałów luminescencyjnych, na osnowie granatu itrowo-glinowego, domieszkowanych jonami ceru i chromu, przeznaczonych do nowoczesnych półprzewodnikowych źródeł światła białego. Przeprowadzono pomiary charakterystyk wzbudzeniowo-emisyjnych luminoforów występujących w postaci krystalicznej oraz materiału ceramicznego. Analizowano wpływ struktury krystalicznej oraz poziomu domieszkowania na charakterystyki emisyjne potencjalnych luminoforów.
As a class of inorganic phosphors, yttrium aluminium garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂,YAG) has received considerable attention because of its applications. YAG is commonly used as a host material in various solid state lasers, cathode ray tubes and as a scintillator. In this article we focus on luminescence of synthetic crystalline and ceramic phosphors of the garnet group for white light emitting diodes (LEDs). The article places importance on methods of white light receiving. This sheds light on interesting trends connected with solid state lightening issues. Exciting emitting spectra of chromium, magnesium and rare earth elements doped (active ions) YAG were gathered in order to compare results and find major differences between particular samples. Moreover, we have analysed influence of crystalline structure and doping's level on emitting characteristics of potential phosphors for semiconductor sources of white light.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2009, 58, 4; 17-31
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detection of radiation treatment of dry plant extracts by thermoluminescence and pulsed photostimulated luminescence. Comparative study
Autorzy:
Lehner, K.
Malec-Czechowska, K.
Stachowicz, W.
Guzik, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plant extract
detection
irradiation
thermoluminescence
photostimulated luminescence
Opis:
Results of the examination of the variety of dry plant extracts (Thyme extract, Celery seed extract, Artichoke extract, Citrus aurantium extract and others) by two different detection methods are described. Both PSL and TL methods are presented and discussed. Comparative study based on the analysis of the results obtained by thermoluminescence (TL) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) measurements delivered the arguments that preselection of detection methods based on model studies is rational to be adapted in analytical laboratories specialized in the detection of irradiated foods.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 2; 99-105
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of crystals based on cesium iodide for measurements of gamma radiation and alpha particles
Autorzy:
Pereira, M. C. C.
Filho, T. M.
Hamada, M. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148098.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
scintillator
crystals
gamma radiation
alpha particles
luminescence
Opis:
During the past 50 years, scintillators have been among the most important nuclear radiation detectors. Inorganic scintillators are widely used in experimental nuclear physics, high energy physics, nuclear medicine, nuclear tomography, environmental studies and many other fields of use. Scintillation crystals based on cesium iodide (CsI) are matters of relatively low hygroscopy, high atomic number, easy handling and low cost, characteristics that favor their use as radiation detectors. In this work, the growth of pure CsI crystals, CsI:Br and CsI:Pb, using the Bridgman technique, is described. Ions of divalent lead (Pb2+) doped in the crystal structures are efficient emission centers and their application as scintillators is still the reason for intensive studies. Recently, promising results have been found for crystals of CsI doped by bromine (Br) for their use as radiation detectors. The concentration of the bromine doping element (Br) was studied in the range from 1.5 × 10–1 M to 10–2 M and the lead (Pb) in the range from 10–2 M to 5 × 10–4 M. To evaluate the scintillators developed, systematic measurements were carried out for luminescence emission and luminescence decay time for gamma radiation, Vickers microhardness assays, and analysis of crystals response to the gamma radiation, in the energy range from 350 keV to 1330 keV, and alpha particles from a 241Am source, with energy of 5.54 MeV. The obtained values for luminescence decay time for CsI:Br and CsI:Pb crystals, were from 13 to 19 ns.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 3; 151-155
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luminescence properties of Ce3+ and Eu2+ in fluorites and apatites
Autorzy:
Bodył, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
Tematy:
fluorite
apatite
REE
luminescence
Opis:
Natural samples of fluorite and apatite from granites, pegmatites, carbonatites and andesitic tuffs were investigated by steady-time spectroscopy to characterize the luminescence properties of Ce3+ and Eu2+. The luminescence of Ce3+ has been clearly seen in fluorite as 320 and 337 or 343 nm bands. In apatites, two distinct bands for two different Ca crystal sites were obtained: 340–380 nm for Ca(1) and 420–450 nm for Ca(2). The luminescence spectra of Eu2+ in the fluorite crystals were measured even at for low concentration of this element (0.11 ppm). For Ce3+, it has been showed that the crystal field strength depends more on the nature of the ligand than on the Me-ligand distances.
Źródło:
Mineralogia; 2009, 40, 1/4; 85--94
1899-8291
1899-8526
Pojawia się w:
Mineralogia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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