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Wyszukujesz frazę "lower middle class" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
Tytuł:
Krąg rodzinny ks. Andrzeja Chylińskiego (1799–1862), proboszcza parafii Męka w dekanacie sieradzkim
The family circle of Fr. Andrzej Chyliński (1799–1862), Męka parish priest in the Sieradz deanery
Autorzy:
Szkutnik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
genealogia
biografistyka
awans społeczny
Lubraniec
Męka
drobnomieszczaństwo
duchowieństwo
XIX w.
genealogy
biographical writing
social promotion
lower middle class
clergy
19th century
Opis:
Urodzony w 1799 r. Andrzej Chyliński, po nauce w seminarium we Włocławku, został w 1823 r. wyświecony na księdza. Był początkowo wikariuszem w Mstowie, następnie administratorem w Przystajni, Wilkowiecku, Mierzynie, Woli Grzymalinie, w latach 1833–1843 w Wąsoszu, a w latach 1843–1862 administratorem i proboszczem parafii Męka w diecezji kujawsko-kaliskiej. Pochodził z rodziny rzemieślniczej, z małego prywatnego miasta Lubraniec pod Włocławkiem. Po śmierci ojca, na placówkach duszpasterskich księdza mieszkała jego rodzina, którą niewątpliwie utrzymywał. Pozycja duchownego wpłynęła na mariaże jego sióstr. Pewna akumulacja kapitału, która nastąpiła dzięki pracy brata, zapewne przydała się na posag. Szwagrami kapłana zostali: syn urzędnika – zapewne zubożałego szlachcica oraz syn mieszczan z Kielc. Krąg towarzyski krewnych księdza składał się z przedstawicieli lokalnej szlachty, inteligencji, urzędników niskiego szczebla, fachowców, jak też okolicznych chłopów. By dorównać drobnoszlacheckiemu otoczeniu, duchowny starał się podnieść status społeczny bliskich w aktach określając ich mianem „urodzonych”. Z chęcią ugruntowania aktualnej pozycji i zatarcia drobnomieszczańskiego pochodzenia należy wiązać ingerencję w treść zapisów metrykalnych rodzeństwa księdza, w których usunięto kwalifikatory mieszczańskie „uczciwy” i „sławetny” zastępując je określnikiem „pan”.
After his studies at the seminary in Włocławek, Andrzej Chyliński, born in 1799, was ordained a priest in 1823. He was initially a vicar in Mstów, then an administrator in Przystajń, Wilkowiecko, Mierzyn, and Wola Grzymalina. In the years 1833–1843, he served in Wąsosz, and in the years 1843 to 1862 – that is until his death – he was an administrator and parish priest in Męka in the Kujawsko-Kaliska diocese. He was born in a family of craftspeople and came from a small private town of Lubraniec near Włocławek. After his father’s death, Andrzej Chyliński’s family, who he undoubtedly supported, lived in the priest’s pastoral institutions. The clergyman’s position influenced the marriages of his sisters. A certain accumulation of capital, which was possible thanks to the brother’s work, was perhaps useful for the dowry. The priest’s brothers-in-law were the son of a clerk – probably an impoverished nobleman – and the son of townspeople from Kielce. The social circle of the priest’s relatives consisted of representatives of the local nobility, intelligentsia, low-level officials, skilled workmen, as well as local peasants. In order to match the yeomanry environment, the clergyman tried to raise the social status of his loved ones in various acts and deeds by calling them “born”. The desire to establish the current position and to obliterate the petty-bourgeoisie origin should be associated with interference in the content of the metric records of the priest’s siblings, in which bourgeois qualifiers such as “honest” and “notorious” were removed and replaced by the term “Sir”.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2021, 20, 2; 27-48
1644-857X
2450-7660
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Середній клас як гарант політичної стабільності сучасного українського суспільства
Średnia klasa jako gwarant stabilności politycznej współczesnego społeczeństwa ukraińskiego
Autorzy:
Сухачов, Станіслав
Лужанська, Тетяна
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
the middle class
political stability
the modern Ukrainian society
the lower class
clan-oligarchic groups
Opis:
The article concerns the middle class in Ukraine, which is a determining factor of the political stability in any democratic society. The middle class is a complex social formation that has a political dimension and determines the level of citizen social and political activity, which is determined by their status of the working owner, which denies populism, political indifference and political exclusion. The criteria for belonging to the middle class are not only the high level of material security, but also the way of life, independence and the labor nature of income sources - a certain standard of living. Due to the lack of opportunities to realize their economical potential in their own country, millions of ukrainian citizens have left to work in other countries, where the process of the modern ukrainian middle class formation is taking place. In the ukrainian society due to the availability of the lowest social standards in Europe by income, to the middle class, not so much representatives of mental labor belong, but as so-called «servicemen of the oligarchs». Deepening in the income inequality is largely the result of the development of not so much market, European mechanisms, as many pseudo-market, that make the formation of the middle class impossible. Further functioning of the Ukrainian society political system in the format of its commitment to the interests of not the middle class, but a handful of oligarchs, only preserves the neo-feudal division of society into an absolute majority of the poor - hereditarily poor, and an unaccountably rich minority. It is therefore logical that the political system should deviate from the paradigm of state use, its organs and finance to enrich the ruling class. A serious problem arose before ukrainian politologists and sociologists - the problem of studying the conditions of the middle class formation, which should include the presence of a clear and understandable for everyone normative base, which determines the process of the middle class formation. This, in turn, provides for the deprivation of the petty care from the state, which makes impossible the neo-feudal principle: friends must have everything, and enemies deserve the law. It is clear that the institutions of the political system must establish equality of everyone before the law, which is an important way of the middle class formation in modern Ukrainian society. Until political institutions remain channels for collecting corrupt rents from the Ukrainian population, which is considered as a natural resource from which you can rent for owning it, it is impossible to talk about the effectiveness of reforms and the success of the middle class formation. The leading way not only of quantitative growth but also of widespread strengthening of the economic, social, political, and spiritual positions of the middle class is a significant limitation of the political power of the clan-oligarchic groups, the reliable basis of which is the shadow economy, which concentrates millions of able-bodied Ukrainians and is an essential brake on the establishment of European civilized market relations and civic structures based on labor private property. An important way of a middle class formation and development in a transformational ukrainian society is the creation (with the state’s sake) a large number of enterprises, firms, producing material and spiritual values, whose employees demonstrate high motivation to work. Now the middle class is replaced by the lower class and does not perform in practice its socially important functions, does not act as an effective guarantor of political stability and the basis of democratic transformations in today’s transformational Ukrainian society. Therefore, one of the priorities of the Ukrainian state should be firstly, creating the necessary conditions for the widespread development of the middle class, first of all, through real economic reforms aimed at realizing socio-economic, political, and spiritual interests. Secondly, the middle class should embody the best features of professionalism, individualism and tolerance, which are based on its strong positions as a working owner as a reliable guarantor of stable and sustainable social development. Thirdly, in order to form a middle class as a guarantor of political stability, there should not be a huge mass of poor people alienated from power, property and social respect. A characteristic feature of modern Ukrainian society is that those who would have belonged to the middle class, are very close to the lower class for their low incomes and the level of satisfaction of their needs. Without the practical implementation of these logical processes, it is extremely difficult to imagine any positive prospects for the development of the middle class as the political stability of modern Ukrainian society.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2018, 8; 164-170
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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