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    Tytuł:
    Long term water level and surface temperature changes in the lagoons of the Southern and Eastern Baltic
    Autorzy:
    Dailidiene, I.
    Baudler, H.
    Chubarenko, B.
    Navrotskaya, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47846.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    climate change
    coastal lagoon
    Curonian Lagoon
    erosion
    lagoon
    linear regression
    long-term variation
    sea surface temperature
    variability
    Vistula Lagoon
    water level
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Variability in the distribution of phytoplankton as affected by changes to the main physical parameters in the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.
    Jakacki, J.
    Janecki, M.
    Nowicki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49183.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    3D ecosystem model
    Baltic Sea
    distribution
    ecological system
    ecosystem
    long-term variability
    marine ecosystem
    nutrient
    organic matter
    physical parameter
    phytoplankton
    solar radiation
    temperature
    thermal radiation
    variability
    wind speed
    Opis:
    An integrated ecological system model was used to determine the influence on Baltic phytoplankton of the long-term variability in the sea’s main physical parameters. A three-dimensional coupled sea-ice model was developed. A simple ecosystem was added to the sea-ice model and used to estimate phytoplankton variability during long-term changes in the main atmospheric forces. Scenarios similar to those of climate were performed by altering the main physical parameters such as temperature, wind speed, solar and thermal radiation (in different configurations). The influence of the variability in these parameters on phytoplankton is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Short-term and long-term PQ, QT and R-R intervals variability at the resting condition and after exercise testing in healthy Anglo-Arabian horses
    Autorzy:
    Paslawska, U.
    Zysko, D.
    Noszczyk-Nowak, A.
    Paslawski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30632.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    electrocardiographic parameter
    short-term observation
    long-term observation
    R-R interval variability
    exercise testing
    healthy animal
    Anglo-Arabian horse
    horse
    heart
    autonomic nervous system
    Opis:
    The duration of electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters: PQ, QT and R-R intervals change during long-term and short-term observation as the consequence of the fluctuations in autonomic nervous system activity among others dependent on the exercise and resting. There is no data of horse breed influence on these parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the duration and the variability of the PQ, QT and R-R intervals in the resting conditions and after exercise testing in Anglo-Arabian horses. Material and Methods: 27 healthy Anglo-Arabian horses aged 3.4 ± 1.0 years (15 male, 12 female) had ECG examination in the standing position using Einthoven system of leads. The longest and the shortest PQ, QT and R-R intervals were measured after night rest and after exercise testing and the means were calculated. Conclusions: 1) In Anglo-Arabian horses the difference between the longest and the shortest PQ interval at rest vs. after exercise is 0.06 ± 0.05 vs. 0.03 ± 0.02, QT interval is 0.04 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04, R-R interval 0.19 ± 0.15 vs. 0.08 ± 0.11. 2) The PQ and R-R intervals reveal high short-term variability either at the resting conditions or after exercise testing. 3) After exercise testing PQ, QT and R-R intervals are shorter than at the resting conditions. The delta PQ and R-R are 2 times smaller in contrast to delta QT which is constant. 4) The PQ and R-R interval variability was greater at the baseline condition than after exercise testing. The QT variability was similar at baseline condition to that after exercise testing.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2012, 15, 1
    1505-1773
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effective skill refinement: focusing on process to ensure outcome
    Autorzy:
    Carson, Howie J.
    Collins, Dave
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054869.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    Technical change
    long-term permanency
    movement variability
    pressure resistance
    the Five-A Model
    Opis:
    In contrast to the abundance of motor skill acquisition and performance research, there is a paucity of work which addresses how athletes with an already learnt and well-established skill may go about making a subtle change, or refinement, to that skill. Accordingly, the purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding pertaining to such practice. Specifically, this review addresses deliberately initiated refinements to closed and self-paced skills (e.g., javelin throwing, golf swing and horizontal jumps). In doing so, focus is directed to three fundamental considerations within applied coaching practice and future research endeavours; the intended outcomes, process and evaluative measures of skill refinement. Conclusions suggest that skill refinement is not the same as skill acquisition or performing already learnt skills with high-levels of automaticity. Due to the complexity of challenge faced, refinements are best addressed as an interdisciplinary solution, with objective measures informing coach decision making.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2014, 7, 3; 5-21
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienność natężeń ruchu na drogach krajowych i ich wpływ na poziom hałasu
    Problem of traffic flow variability on national roads and its impact on the noise level
    Autorzy:
    Spławińska, M.
    Buczek, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/143895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    średni dobowy ruch w roku (SDR)
    zmienność natężeń ruchu
    równoważny poziom dźwięku
    długookresowy średni poziom dźwięku
    hałas drogowy
    Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
    traffic flow variability
    equivalent sound level
    long-term average sound level
    road noise
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wpływ odpowiedniego doboru profili zmienności natężeń ruchu, na drogach krajowych, na poziom dźwięku w punkcie odbioru. Określono także wskaźniki przeliczeniowe, które umożliwiają szybkie wyznaczenie natężenia miarodajnego do analiz hałasu w oparciu o SDR. Wykazano również, że słuszne jest podejście obliczania poziomu dźwięku w oparciu o SDR.
    This paper presents the impact of appropriate selecting profiles of traffic flow variability on the sound level on national roads. The paper defines also conversion factors that allow the quick determination of the Design Hourly Volume used for noise analysis based on the AADT. It was also shown that approach to calculating the level of sound based on the AADT is right.
    Źródło:
    Drogownictwo; 2015, 2; 46-52
    0012-6357
    Pojawia się w:
    Drogownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienność wieloletnia i sezonowa występowania minimalnych stanów wód podziemnych na wybranym obszarze nizinnym
    Seasonal and long-term variability of monthly minimum groundwater levels in selected lowland area
    Autorzy:
    Kowalczyk, A.
    Stępińska-Drygała, I.
    Wesołowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    minimalny poziom wody podziemnej
    zmienność wieloletnia
    autokorelacja poziomu wód podziemnych
    zlewnia Wkry
    zlewnia Skrwy
    minimum groundwater levels
    seasonal and long-term variability of groundwater levels
    autocorrelation of groundwater
    levels
    Wkra drainage basin
    Skrwa Prawa drainage basin
    Opis:
    The study undertakes investigations of the seasonal and long-term variability of monthly minimum groundwater levels of unconfined aquifer within selected lowland areas of Wkra and Skrwa Prawa catchments. Data were collected at four locations, monitored within the national groundwater monitoring network run by the Polish Geological Institute – NRI and cover a period of 39 years (1976–2014). Analysis performed within the study includes descriptive statistics, autocorrelation coefficients for delays from 1 to 450 months and the indicator of minimum groundwater level; results are presented using contour graphs. Data demonstrate very strong autocorrelation and internal inertia. A specific long-term irregular periodicity of monthly minimum levels’ fluctuations dominating over seasonal changes has been revealed. The study also shows, that seasonal variability of monthly minimum levels within the catchments corresponds to the continental type of groundwater fluctuations. The highest monthly minimum levels occur in spring (predominantly in April), and the lowest – in autumn (October and November). The analysis indicates no obvious overall change in the structure of seasonal monthly minimum groundwater levels within the investigated period. However, in one location within the Skrwa Prawa drainage basin, the period with the highest monthly minimum levels was brought forward from April to earlier months.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 10/1; 860--866
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Występowanie wysokiego ciśnienia nad obszarem Svalbardu w latach 1971-2015
    High pressure values occurrence over Svalbard In period 1971-2015
    Autorzy:
    Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260989.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    wysokie ciśnienie atmosferyczne
    wyże
    zmienność wieloletnia
    Svalbard
    Arktyka
    atmospheric pressure
    highs
    long-term variability
    Arctic
    Opis:
    W opracowaniu przedstawiono przestrzenną i czasową zmienność występowania wysokich wartości ciśnienia nad obszarem Svalbardu w latach 1971-2015. W tym celu wykorzystano średnie dobowe wartości ciśnienia na poziomie morza dla 12 punktów gridowych uzyskane z reanaliz NCEP/NCAR. Podstawowym wskaźnikiem był dzień ze średnim ciśnieniem ≥1020 hPa oraz ≥1030 hPa. Na tej podstawie stwierdzono, że liczba rozpatrywanych dni jest niewielka (średnio 49-72 dni w roku), a dni z ciśnieniem ≥1030hPa notowane są sporadycznie. W przebiegu rocznym analizowane dni występują głównie wiosną, stanowiąc w zależności od położenia punktu gridowego około 37-45% wszystkich dni z ciśnieniem ≥1020hPa i 43-55% dni ciśnieniem ≥1030hPa. W badanym wieloleciu nie stwierdzono tendencji zmian liczby opisywanych dni. Wyróżniono jednak dwa okresy zwiększonej częstości występowania dni z wysokim ciśnieniem (1977-1988 oraz 1995-2010) przedzielone kilkuletnim bardzo silnym spadkiem ich liczby. Pomimo niewielkiej powierzchni analizowanego obszaru, przestrzenne zróżnicowanie rocznej i wieloletniej zmienności występowania badanych dni wskazuje na ścieranie się cech cyrkulacji: strefy dominującej działalności cyklonalnej północnego Atlantyku, obszaru częstych i silnych wyżów znad Grenlandii i północnej Kanady oraz strefy układów wysokiego ciśnienia znad centralnej Arktyki.
    The article discusses the spatial and temporal variability of the highs occurrence over Svalbard region in the period 1971–2015. The analysis was based on the average daily sea-level air pressure values obtained from NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses for 12 grid points. The day with pressure values ≥1020hPa and ≥1030hPa became a basic index that shows highs occurrence. As a result, it was determined that number of days when a high pressure system affected weather of the study area is low (49–72 days/year on average) and strong highs were noted sporadically. Annual course of examined days shows that a majority of highs occurrence were recorded during the spring and it was 37–45% and 47–55% of all cases respectively. No specific trends in long-term variability of the anticyclones frequency have been identified during the study period. However, two periods of distinct increased of high pressure systems occurrence were distinguished (1977–1988 and 1995–2010) and they were separated by several years of very strong decline in numbers of examined days. Despite the fact that the analyzed region is not large, the spatial variation of annual and long-term variability of highs occurrence indicates that circulation features of: the zone with dominant cyclonic activity in the North Atlantic, an area of frequent and severe highs from the Greenland and northern Canada, and the zone of high pressure systems from the central Arctic struggle in this region.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2016, 26; 83-96
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics and inter-annual changes in temperature, salinity and density distribution in the Gulf of Riga
    Autorzy:
    Skudra, M.
    Lips, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48540.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Riga Gulf
    interannual variability
    long-term change
    temperature
    salinity
    density
    Baltic Sea
    vertical stratification
    internal Rossby radius
    Opis:
    Available CTD profiles from the Gulf of Riga (May—August, 1993—2012) were analyzed to study inter-annual and long-term changes in temperature, salinity and density in relation to river runoff and atmospheric forcing (e.g. Baltic Sea Index). To describe temporal changes in vertical stratification, the upper mixed layer (UML) and deep layer (DL) parameters were estimated. On average the UML depth increases from 8.7 m in May to 9.0, 11.5 and 13.7 m in June, July and August, respectively, and the UML temperature increases from 8.08C to 12.5, 18.7 and 18.68C (May, June, July and August) while the UML salinity increases from 4.90 g kg1 to 5.14, 5.28 and 5.38 g kg1, respectively. High correlation (r = 0.82) was found between the inter-annual changes in river runoff (spring) and mean salinity in the UML in August as well as between DL mean salinity (r = 0.88) and density (r = 0.84) in the Irbe Strait and DL mean salinity and density in the Gulf of Riga. Inter-annual changes in the UML depth as well as in DL salinity and density had a significant correlation with the changes in Baltic Sea Index. The strongest stratification (August) can be observed in the years with the highest UML temperature and the highest river run-off in spring. We suggest that the predicted increase in water temperature and changes in river run-off due to the climate change would result in faster development of the seasonal thermocline in spring and stronger vertical stratification in summer.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Satellite estimates of the long-term trend in phytoplankton size classes in the coastal waters of North-Western Bay of Bengal
    Autorzy:
    Miranda, J.
    Lotliker, A.A.
    Baliareingh, S.K.
    Jena, A.K.
    Samanta, A.
    Sahu, K.C.
    Kumar, T.S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079007.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    phytoplankton
    size class
    coastal water
    long-term variability
    satellite data
    statistical analysis
    Bengal Bay
    Opis:
    The study presents long-term variability in satellite retrieved phytoplankton size classes (PSC) at two coastal sites, off Gopalpur and Visakhapatnam, in the north-western Bay of Bengal. The abundance-based models by Brewin et al. (2010) (B10) and Sahay et al. (2017) (S17), for retrieval of PSC (micro, nano, and picophytoplankton), from satellite data, were validated. Both the models performed well in the retrieval of nano and microphytoplankton. However, B10 performed poorly in retrieving picophytoplankton. The statistical analysis indicated better performance of the S17 model and hence was applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard Aqua satellite (MODISA) data to understand the temporal (at monthly climatology) and spatial variability (from nearshore to offshore). The spatial distribution indicated nearshore dominance of micro and offshore dominance of picophytoplankton. In nearshore waters off Gopalpur, microphytoplankton dominated throughout the year except for months of south-west monsoon (June and July) where the dominance of picophytoplankton was observed. All PSC exhibited similar distribution at an annual scale with a primary peak during pre-monsoon (March and April) and a secondary peak during post-monsoon (September— November). However, microphytoplankton concentration during post-monsoon was higher off Gopalpur in comparison to Visakhapatnam. The higher microphytoplankton concentration during pre-monsoon was attributed to recurrent phytoplankton blooms. Whereas, post-monsoon increment could be attributed to enhanced phytoplankton growth by availing nutrients sourced from monsoonal precipitation induced terrigenous influx. The outcome of the present study recommends the use of the S17 model for satellite retrieval of PSC from the north-western Bay of Bengal.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 1; 40-50
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Species-level associations of phytoplankton with environmental variability in the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea)
    Autorzy:
    Golubkov, M.
    Nikulina, V.
    Golubkov, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    phytoplankton
    environmental variability
    climate change
    eutrophication
    algal bloom
    harmful alga
    long-term observation
    Neva Estuary
    Opis:
    Changes in phytoplankton communities due to anthropogenic nutrient load and climate change often lead to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms that can affect biogeochemical cycling. However, little is known about the specific responses of various species to environmental variables. 17-year long data on the midsummer phytoplankton biomass in the Neva Estuary were analyzed to show the changes in the composition of phytoplankton in relation to water depth, transparence, salinity, temperature, concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, and plankton primary production. One hundred seventy-four species and forms from eight taxonomic classes were found in phytoplankton. Fifteen species were potentially harmful. The most diverse and abundant groups were cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the biomass of various species from each phytoplankton group correlated differently with environmental factors. However, within each group, there were some predominant trends in the correlative response to changes in environmental variables. The biomass of cyanobacteria was high in the middle and lower reaches of the estuary and, in general, positively correlated with water salinity. The biomass of most species of green algae and diatoms correlated negatively with it. These algae showed a positive trend in biomass in the upper and middle reaches of the estuary during the last decades that may be explained by changes in weather conditions. Taking into account that climate models predict future increases in precipitation and temperature in the northern Baltic, the future expansion of freshwater phytoplankton species in estuaries of the northern Baltic Sea is very likely.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 1; 149-162
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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