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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 65
Tytuł:
Hemispherical Zirconium Liner for Advanced Shaped Charge with Enhanced Behind Armour Effect
Autorzy:
Elshenawy, Tamer Abd Elazim
Elbasuney, Sherif
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27787986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
hollow charge
penetration
copper liner
zirconium liner
jet temperature
Opis:
Armour penetration is an essential outcome for shaped charges, especially when the behind-armour effect is considered. Hemispherical liners produce superior jet mass compared with those of traditional conical shape. In this paper two different materials have been studied as hemispherical shaped charge liners. The reference liner was hemispherical oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC); the other liner material was zirconium. These liners were experimentally tested against 4340 steel targets in shaped charges loaded with the same amount of Composition B explosive. Zirconium liners were found to offer superior performance with experimental penetration and crater diameter respectively 16% and 20% greater than OFHC. Ansys Autodyn hydrocode simulation results demonstrated that both liners produced superior jet masses exceeding 50% of the total liner mass. Moreover, zirconium had a jet tip velocity of 4869 m/s compared with 3886 m/s for OFHC. Additionally, zirconium had a superior average jet collapse to plastic deformation temperature ratio of 0.73 compared with 0.34 for OFHC. This is the first time the relation between the jet temperature during collapse and jet stretching has been reported.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2021, 18, 3; 293--321
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Main propulsion of modern cruise liners and main propulsion power estimation
Autorzy:
Górski, Z.
Giernalczyk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
eruise liner
main propulsion
Opis:
This paper describes development trends of modern cruise liners and their main propulsion plants as well The growing size of such vessels and growing power of propulsion plants is observed in the population. Diesel-electric propulsion plants, combined propulsions plants CO D AG type (diesel and gas turbines) and COGES type (gas turbines and steam turbines) are mostly used on this class ships. In this types of propulsion diesel engines, gas turbines and steam turbines drive generators thus creating central electric power station to supply electric power to main propulsion electric motors and to ship electric network as well. Medium speed diesel gear type main propulsions are used on older cruise liners only. The paper presents the method of preliminary estimation of ship energetic system parameters i. e. main propulsion power, onboard electric power station power and auxiliary boilers capacity. The method is based on statistic analysis of cruise liners being in service and under construction. Statistic methods are elaborated in Department of Marine Propulsion Plants of Gdynia Maritime University. These methods make possible in simple and quick way to estimate parameters of ship energetic system. The estimation is carried out with good correlation coefficient and high coefficient ofregression determination. Statistic methods make also possible to forecast energetic systems parameters for ships to be built in the future.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 155-161
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Razrabotka matematiceskoi modeli sobstvennyh castot kolebanii cilindrovyh vtulok sudovogo dizela
Development of mathematical models for the natural frequency of cylinder liner marine Diesel
Autorzy:
Valishin, A.
Adamkiewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
cylinder liner
diesel
vibration characteristics
mathematical models
deformation
cylinder liner mounting
cylinder block
Opis:
This paper presents the results of analytical studies on determination of vibration characteristics of cylinder liners of diesel engines based on the development and application of mathematical models. Mathematical relationships for cyclic deformations in a longitudinal cylinder sleeve for circumferential and radial directions have been developed. Sufficient convergence of the model with the results of practical measurements given in the literature has been shown.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2014, 40 (112); 31-36
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wear profile of the cylinder liner in a motor truck diesel engine
Autorzy:
Koszałka, G.
Niewczas, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diesel engine
wear
cylinder liner
Opis:
The paper presents results of investigation of cylinder liners wear. The investigation was carried out on diesel engines during long lasting operation in 5 motor trucks. Cylinder diameters were measured in two perpendicular planes on four depths using 2-point bore gauge, after removal of the cylinder head. Measurements were made every 50 000 km of vehicle mileage. Such methodology of measurements enabled to determine time course and wear profile of the cylinder liners (wear value in relation to the direction and height of the liner). It was stated that increments of diameter during the first period of operation are several times higher than during the later periods, when the wear intensity is constant. It was also found that wear of the cylinder liner in the plane perpendicular to the engine axis is bigger than in the parallel plane, and that wear in the upper part of the liner is twice as big as in its middle part. Measurement scheme for the cylinder liner; histogram of cylinder liner diameters obtained in measurements after the technological running-in of the engine after mileage of 0, 50,000 km, 150,000 km and 250,000 km, wear profiles of cylinder liners in the two directions at different vehicle mileages are presented in the paper. Estimated profiles of the cylinder liner wear will be used as input data for the calculations of the blowby intensity with the use of mathematical model of PRC set.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 183-190
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Validation of UV Spectrophotometric and HPLC Methods for Quantitative determination of chlorpyrifos
Autorzy:
Zalat, O. A.
Elsayed, M. A.
Fayed, M. S.
Abd El Megid, M. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
chlorpyrifos
HPLC
UV-spectrophotometric
liner range
Opis:
A specific and sensitive HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methodwere developed for determination and analysis of chlorpyrifos. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 150 mm x 10 mm I.D. reversed phase column Zorbax SB C-18. usingdeionizedwater: acetonitrile in the ratio of 10:90 v/v respectively as mobile phase. The effluent was monitored at 290 and 230 nm. Two sharp peaks were obtained for the solvent and chlorpyrifos at 2.7 and 3.45 min respectively. UV spectrophotometric method was performed at 290 nm using Isopropanol as the solvent. Linear range was 0.025-3500 ppm (r2 = 0.9986 ±0.0009) for HPLC method and 2.229 to 200 ppm (r2 = 0.9988) for UV spectrophotometric method. Validation guidelines and statistical analysis showed that both the methods were precise, accurate, sensitive, and can be used for the routine quality control of chlorpyrifos in waste discharges.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 2; 58-63
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Functional Materials in Mechanical Engineering and Geology
Autorzy:
Voitenko, Yuri I.
Zakusylo, Roman V.
Wojewódka, Andrzej T.
Gontar, Pavlo A.
Gerlich, Marcin M.
Drachuk, Oleksanr G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
shaped charge
liner
polytetrafluorethylene
pores
penetration
Opis:
New composite materials are proposed, which allow shaped charges to be used with increased efficiency, for purposes, such as special engineering and geotechnical applications, as well as in other industries. The main determinant of efficiency is the volume of the hole created in the target. The future directions of new materials production for shaped charges are shown.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 1; 135-149
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Container shipping in period of Freight Conference breakup
Autorzy:
Drozhzhyn, O.
Revenko, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
liner shipping conferences
Repeal of the Liner Shipping Conference Exemption from European Union Competition Law
trading competition
Opis:
The most important development in the liner shipping industry last 10 years was the repeal of the block exemption that Liner freight conferences had received in the European Union (EU) with regard to price and capacity settings. From of 18 October 2008, former members of the Far East Freight Conference have had to establish their specific rates and freight additions, resulting in different rates and amounts applied across the board. This paper examines the general conditions of competition in a market economy, as well as special conditions for competition in the market for liner transportation, regarding descriptive analysis summarized the available information on the subject. The study is based on EU documents, official EU reviews, and paper of international researchers on the issue of current state and prospects of liner shipping market development. In particular, the history of the emergence and formation of linear conferences and overviews the European Union decision and impact of the repealing it’s block exemption from European competition law for Liner shipping conferences. As a result, the causes and implications were identified of these changes to liner container shipping industry.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2018, 3, 1; 53-59
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A fatigue testing method of wet cylinder liner of diesel engines
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, A.
Kolanek, Cz.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
diesel engine
cylinder liner
fatigue
Opis:
It has been agreed to call the loads changing with time and acting in most varied constructional arrangements as well as the stresses accompanying them changeable or cyclic. Changeable stresses produce in the material a very complex entanglement of phenomena and changes depending on the value of those stresses and on the number of cycles. These are fatigue phenomena and changes. They develop successively till the element has been destroyed. This is called the element material fatigue. Thus changing loads and stresses are also called fatigue loads and stresses. The purpose of the presented work was to develop a method of comparative investigations for wet replaceable sleeves in direct contact with coolant that have been submitted to technological treatment of sub-edge zone material strengthening. The source of loads is a cyclically occurring normal component of gas and mass forces in the cylinder. The frequency of changes is a derivative of the number of strokes in the engine run and of the rotational speed of the crankshaft. Fatigue loads can be the reason why cylinder liner cracks in the edge zone. The results of the fatigue testing of the technological process of strengthening the cylinder lines sub-edge zone on crack sensitivity shows differences in the behaviour of particular samples, depending on the parameters of strengthening. The fatigue testing method can be used to evaluate the technological process of cylinder liner.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 287-290
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From transocean routes to global networks: a framework for liner companies to build service networks
Autorzy:
Shi, X.
Voss, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
liner
port
logistics
networks
decision support systems
Opis:
During the previous two decades liner carriers within maritime shipping have broken the barriers from being pure transportation providers towards being logistics service providers. Most of the top 20 liner carriers worldwide hale set up spin-offs providing services from local booking up to 3rd party logistics services, combining the business advantages of tight linkages with liners together with the negotiation freedom with demanding customers by providing an extension of service coverage. Economical evaluations of transocean routes and global networks are of interest for decision makers responsible for business strategies as well as for operations. It is crucial to achieve appropriate judgements about which liner routes are profitable and how to build better service networks so that the companies' brand could be attractive to, e.g., ship- pers, including exporters, importers and forwarding agents. In this paper we discuss the corresponding trade-offs as well as related decision support systems of relevant service providers and companies.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2008, 3; 35-43
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laboratory investigation of self-healing properties on geosynthetic clay liners with flaw
Autorzy:
Zhang, G.-W.
Zhang, H.-Y.
Wang, J.-F.
Zhou, L.
Liu, P.
Jiang, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
landfills
geosynthetic clay liner
self healing
hydraulic conductivity
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the self- healing properties of a commercially-available geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) using flexible-wall permeameter. The GCLs are produced by the same factory, but the contents of bentonite are different. Also the hydraulic conductivities (HC) of GCLs with no defect are different. In this study, specimens were completely saturated under the backpressure of 20 kPa before the test. Permeability tests were performed on GCL specimens with penet rating flaw and also on specimens permeated with distilled water and CaCl2 solutions. The test results were presented and discussed. Experimental results showed that the GCL with penetrating flaw did not exhibit complete self-healing in the case of flaw. After 120 days, the hydraulic conductivity increased by approximately an order of magnitude. In addition, CaCl2 solutions had a significant influence on the hydraulic conductivity. The research findings might be of interest to researchers and engineers who design liners for landfills and other liquid containment facilities.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2015, 41, 1; 53-58
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Penetration Performance of Powder Metallurgy Copper-Tungsten Shaped Charge Liners
Autorzy:
Elshenawy, T.
Abdo, G.
Elbeih, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
penetration
copper-tungsten liner
RDX
jet formation
Autodyn
Opis:
Copper tungsten liner manufactured using uniaxial pressing technique has been characterized numerically and experimentally in comparison with a baseline shaped charge copper liner produced by deep drawing technique. The jet properties resulted from these two shaped charges were different according to their liner types and relevant densities which affect the resultant penetration depths into rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) targets. Different copper-tungsten powder liners have been studied and analysed using Autodyn hydrocode, from which an optimum powder design was chosen based on its maximum jet kinetic energy that can be coherent. The compacted liner elastic properties have been measured using SONELASTIC apparatus, whereas its real density is determined using helium gas pycnometer. Baseline copper liner obtained by deep drawing technique of uniform density exhibited lower penetration depth in comparison with the copper-tungsten liner (higher density powder). Besides, the penetration crater resulted from the powder liner showed clean hole without clogging because there was no massive slug as in the case of the copper liners. Experimental field tests of the two liners against (RHA) targets exhibited different penetrations depths, which have been accounted in this research.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 4; 610-628
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of heat transfer correlation on wet cylinder liner temperature distribution when converting an old engine into a turbocharged engine
Autorzy:
Trung, Kien Nguyen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heat transfer
correlation
turbocharged engine
cylinder liner
distribution
Supercharging
Opis:
For conventional diesel engines, two of the most widely used global correlations are due to Woschni and Hohenberg. Besides, the modern diesel engines used a new heat transfer coefficient correlation was proposed by Finol and Robinson. In Vietnam, improving engine power density is a trend of improving non-turbocharged base engines by using a supercharging system with exhaust gas energy recovery. Increasing engine power by the turbocharger is limited for two reasons: mechanical stress and thermal stress of the components surrounding the combustion chamber. In general, the heat transfer coefficient has a major effect on heat transfer rate, especially during the combustion process. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the cylinder distribution results from the simulation using the equations of Woschni and Hohenberg and compare to the experiment results when converting an old heavy-duty engine into a turbocharged engine. Results show that the cylinder distribution using Hohenberg’s correlation has a good agreement with the experiment results, especially in the case of a turbocharged engine.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 3; 159-172
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the structure of liners used for the modernisation of brick collectors
Autorzy:
Wysocki, Leszek
Madryas, Cezary
Grosel, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
brick sewer
renovation
CIPP liner
modernization of brick sewers
Opis:
Brick sewers were designed as egg-shaped, pear-shaped, bell-shaped, vaulted, and even rectangular (sometimes with granite ceilings and floor slabs). In exceptional cases, circular sections were also made of brick. Efforts were made in order to ensure optimal flow conditions, and also that the cross-section was adapted to the shape of the rock mass pressure line. This is due to the fact that the most advantageous shapes for masonry collectors are shapes in which no tensile stresses will occur in any part of the cross-section under the influence of external loads. Nevertheless, sewage conduits degrade over time. The boundary conditions of their use also change, which affects the magnitude of mechanical and hydraulic loads. Further use of a sewer in such a case requires its renewal, and less frequently, modernization that results from the necessity to change its function. This is usually done by introducing a new conduit into the interior of the renovated or modernized sewer, which in literature is called a liner. The aim of the analysis was to determine the thickness of the liners that strengthen the structures of brick channels with an inverted egg cross-section and with dimensions of 1050 × 700 mm, which are intended for gravitational sewage systems. The analysis included the performance of variant static and strength calculations for the assumption that the conduit after its modernization will be replaced with a conduit operating in the pressure system, which is a very rare requirement. It was assumed that the best solution would be to use a CIPP (Cured In Place Pipe) liner.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2021, 43, s1; 501-509
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method of automotive engine life forcasting on the basis of laboratory start- ups test
Autorzy:
Koszałka, G.
Niewczas, A.
Kordos, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
cylinder liner
life estimation
start-ups
wear
Opis:
The results of previously conducted research shows that in the case of automotive engines wear accompanying engine start-ups has significant contribution to the total wear of cylinder liner. Thus, it was assumed that wear of the liner measured after high number of start-ups can be representative for given conditions of engine operation in the vehicle and can be used to forecast engine life. The paper describes a new method of automotive engine durability prediction on the basis of wear measured after so called start-ups test. The start-ups test consists of series of repeatable cycles during which engine is started-up in precisely established temperature and operates for short time with no load and then is shut down and cooled down. To conduct the new test it is indispensable to obtain data regarding start-up conditions. But these data can be precisely determined on the basis of simple measurements made on any existing engine installed in a vehicle used in expected way. Moreover, the cost of the new test is significantly lower (minimal fuel consumption, engine does not have to be installed on dynamometer stand) and duration is shorter than in the case of standard tests. Considering advantages of the new start-ups test, it can be recommended as a part of the test stand reliability research of automotive engines. The developed method is simple and short and can be a complementary one to existing standard reliability research methods.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 207-215
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie technik optycznych do kontroli produkcji tulei cylindrowych
Use of optical techniques for cylinder liner production control
Autorzy:
Wieczorowski, M.
Gruszka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/155390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
pomiary optyczne
tuleja cylindrowa
automatyzacja
optical measurements
cylinder liner
automation
Opis:
W artykule pokazano zastosowanie optycznego systemu pomiarowego do stuprocentowej kontroli cech geometrycznych tulei cylindrowych. System został zbudowany w oparciu o urządzenie pracujące w systemie projekcyjnym, telecentrycznym. Analiza zdolności wykazała pełną przydatność systemu do postawionego zadania, zarówno pod względem dokładności jak i czasu trwania pomiaru. Procedura pomiarowa została zrealizowana w cyklu automatycznym, bez udziału operatora.
In contemporary length and angle measurements optical techniques play still more and more important role. Their basic benefits are no contact between the measuring element of a device and a workpiece, as well as the significant speed of measurements. In the paper the use of an optical measuring system for 100% control of geometrical features of a cylinder liners is presented. The system was built basing on a device working in the projection, telecentric system. The analysis showed full applicability of the system to a measuring task, considering both accuracy and duration of measurements. The measuring procedure was executed in a fully automatic cycle, without participation of an operator.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 1, 1; 38-39
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 65

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