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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 51
Tytuł:
Towards to liberalisation measuring in air transport
W kierunku liberalizacji pomiarów w transporcie lotniczym
Autorzy:
Blaskova, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
air service agreements
liberalisation
liberalisation measuring
Umowy o Usługach Lotniczych
liberalizacja
liberalizacja pomiaru
Opis:
The paper discusses bilateral Air Service Agreements (ASAs), their origin and history, detailed description of the first bilateral agreement ever between United States of America and United Kingdom named Bermuda I, that was agreed in 1946. Paper also explains principles and content of the bilateral agreements, the role of liberalization of Air Service Agreements within overall liberalization wave in air transport industry. Comparison of liberal ASAs and protection ist ones is made in the paper and special attention is given to measurement of ASAs ́ liberalization degree.
Artykuł rozważa dwustronność Porozumień o Usługach Lotniczych (ASAs), ich pochodzenie oraz historię, szczegółowy zapis pierwszej umowy dwustronnej pomiędzy Stanami Zjednoczonymi a Zjednoczonym Królestwem nazwanej Bermudy I, zawartej w 1946 roku. Artykuł wyjaśnia również zasady oraz istotę umów dwustronnych, rolę liberalizacji Umów o Usługach Lotniczych w ramach ogólnej fali liberalizacji w sektorze transportu lotniczego. Przedstawiono również porównanie liberalnych ASAs oraz protekcjonistycznych. Specjalną uwagę skupia się na pomiarze stopnia liberalizacji ASAs.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2014, 9, 2; 35-39
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Economic Reforms in India in the Early 1990s
Autorzy:
Narayanan, Vijay
Allen, Ikemefuna
Naser, Nahidah
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
India
reforms
liberalisation
economic growth
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to understand the economic reforms that were undertaken in the late 1980s and early 1990s in India and their relevance today. The study is based on a literature review. The findings from the literature review are validated from data on growth at the national and regional levels. It was found that much of the effects of the reforms are relevant even today in the Indian context. There has been a positive impact on growth due to liberalisation policies. Economic indicators such as GDP and FDI have been on an increasing trend. The removal of trade barriers has had a positive effect on industry. Employment opportunities have increased in both rural and urban areas resulting in a reduction in unemployment. On the negative side, the observed growth is not inclusive. There has been regional a disparity in growth among the different states with some states growing faster than others. Moreover, not all sectors enjoy the benefits of liberalisation. The agriculture sector, for example, has not seen any or at least very few reforms. Thus to sum up, the government of India needs to continue the reforms and ensure that the benefits of an open market reaches one and all.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2015, 6, 17; 129-147
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZASTRZEŻENIA DO DECYZJI KOMISJI EUROPEJSKIEJ Z 28 PAŹDZIERNIKA 2016 ROKU W SPRAWIE ZMIANY ZWOLNIENIA DLA GAZOCIĄGU OPAL (SPRAWA C(2016)6950 FINAL)
OBJECTIONS TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION DECISION OF 28TH OCTOBER 2016 IN THE CASE OF THE EXEMPTION GRANTED TO THE OPAL GAS PIPELINE (CASE C(2016)6950 FINAL)
Autorzy:
ZAJDLER, ROBERT
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
OPAL
natural gas
market liberalisation
derogation
Opis:
The investment process in gas infrastructure is often burdened with high investment costs and the risks associated with ensuring its viability. In order to achieve the public objective of security and stability of supply and competition in the natural gas market, while limiting the investment risk on the investor side of the new gas infrastructure, regulations have been introduced to allow the investor not to apply the legal requirements set out in Article 22 of Directive 2003/55/EC (amended by Article 36 of Directive 2009/73/EC) for a specified period of time and after fulfilment of the indicated requirements. The exemption granted by the European Commission to the OPAL gas pipeline by the decision of 28 October 2016 raises doubts as to the legal basis of such exemption and the fulfilment of the substantive conditions governing its granting. The article analyses the decision by criticizing the grounds and merits of its adoption.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 16, 1; 52-63 (12)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liberalisation of International Trade - The Case of Asymmetric Countries
Autorzy:
Kosiec, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
liberalisation of trade
welfare
asymmetric countries
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the welfare consequences of the processes of liberalisation of trade between asymmetric states in terms of the various sizes and effectiveness of their economies and the type of international exchange. These characteristics ultimately define the distribution of benefits from the liberalisation of international trade. When it is inter-industry or vertical intra-industry and barriers in trade are smaller than the difference in the effectiveness of the economies, the trade liberalisation undoubtedly contributes to improved social welfare, regardless of the level of effectiveness and the size of the economy. In the situation, however, of horizontal intra-industry trade, changes in the welfares of asymmetric countries, caused by their progressing trade liberalisation, depend on the sizes and effectiveness of their economies. The welfare of society in either a very big and ineffective or in a small and very ineffective country could even decrease in such a situation. This is the case when the increase in consumers’ surplus is not sufficient to compensate for the decreasing profits of firms.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2016, 3; 143-160
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Market Integration in the SADC region: a Comparative Case Study of Botswana and Zambia
Autorzy:
Teixeira, Elena Acebes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2205029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Regional integration
SADC
development
trade liberalisation
Opis:
Regional market integration is crucial in increasing development for emerging economies. However, research has shown that, in the case of developing countries, the process of market integration faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyse the key determinants of successful market integration for developing countries, as well as to investigate under what conditions some countries may benefit more (or less) than others from market integration, particularly in the SADC region. Based on the existing literature on the main debates and theories on regional market integration of developing countries, this study has used the method of process-tracing to investigate the causal relationship between governance and institutions, market integration and development. The analysis based on this study has found that good and sound policies aimed at increasing domestic capabilities deriving from both public and private governance and institutions is vital in determining relative market integration success. The results indicate that the discrepancies found among SADC Member States hinder the process of regional market integration. On this basis, it is recommended that the linkages between the SADC Member States be strengthened through increased levels of coordination and integration.
Źródło:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies; 2022, 1; 41-55
2956-2686
Pojawia się w:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reflections on the Balcerowicz Plan
Autorzy:
Garland, Eric
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/447107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
transformation
fiscal and monetary policy
inflation
privatisation
liberalisation
Opis:
This article looks at the Balcerowicz Plan, which was undertaken in Poland between the years 1989 to 1995. It is entitled so because Leszek Balcerowicz was the man who was responsible for overseeing Polish transition from a state planned economy to free market one. The Plan was based on the Washington Consensus theory, put forth by Williamson with assistance from Sachs and Lipton. It was a rudimentary model of how transition should be followed. The article looks at different aspects of the plan, which are the following. First of all, price liberalisation and the freeing of domestic trade. Secondly, fiscal responsibility which means the balancing of the national budget. Then it covers restrictive monetary policy used to control inflation and improve Polish competitiveness. This is followed by income policy aimed at inflation, done through a weak indexation of nominal wage. The next section deals with foreign trade liberalisation and the impact of importation of western goods on the Polish market. Also the role of privatisation, done late in comparison to other transition economies. Furthemore, changes in banking, financial and tax reform are also analysed. Lastly, the changes of the social safety net system which were adopted, rather poorly and unfairly, is compared to western models. The work uses the view and theories of different authors both from Europe and abroad. Such economists as Boyko, S. Gomułka, Zukrowska and Balcerowicz himself from Poland. As well as foreigners such as Lipton, Sachs, Hunter, Lavigne, A. Smith Williamson and most importantly Kornai.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2015, 1(21); 227-244
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liberalisation and the regional air network configuration from Nigeria to other West African Countries
Autorzy:
Oluwakoya, Adeniyi Olufemi
Ajayi, Dickson Dare
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
air network
configuration
liberalisation
Nigeria
regional
West Africa
Opis:
This paper examines the liberalisation and the regional air network configuration from Nigeria to other West African regions. It aims to study the impacts of liberalisation on the regional spatial structure of air networks from Nigeria to West Africa in the pre and post-liberalisation. The pre-liberalisation covers between 1988-2000, and the post-liberalisation ranges from 2001 to 2018. The methodology involves using the graph theory to calculate the route and the network topology in the pre and post-liberalisation and compare the resulting index. This hypothesis was tested using the alpha index. The alpha index analysis compares the level of connection in a pre-and post-liberalisation network via graphical depictions of each period’s route and network structure and the resulting alpha index. The pre-liberalisation alpha index for the route and network was 0.297, while the post-liberalisation alpha index was 0.334. The alpha index ranged from 0 to 1 and was the perfect network for the post‐liberalisation period. In post-liberalisation, the alpha index of the route and network are higher than in pre-liberalisation. Hence, the connection is better in post-liberalisation.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2021, 35, 4; 50-63
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rynek usług pocztowych w Polsce u progu jego pełnej liberalizacji
Autorzy:
Papiernik-Wojdera, Marzena
Matuszewska-Pierzynka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/658449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
postal services market
public postal operator
Polska
liberalisation
Opis:
Postal services market in Poland has been liberalising for several years. It manifests itself through reduction of reserved area (market which is reserved for the public postal operator) and through increasing of the number of private postal operators. But these changes didn't have a major impact on the transformation of the Polish postal market. This market is regulated by a government appointed body and position of public postal operator – Poczta Polska SA – is protected by law. According to the European Directive opening up the postal market to the competition, by 1 January 2011 Poland must implement new Postal Law. New law will change, among other things, organizational and financial conditions of business activity of Poczta Polska SA. Taking into consideration the fact that the current financial standing of the Polish public postal operator is difficult, it should be underlined that Poczta Polska SA will be forced to take radical restructuring action. The main purpose of this article is to recognize the situation in the postal services market in Poland in the context of its full liberalisation and opening to the competition. The partial goals of this article are as follows: – to give an overview of the postal services market in Poland, – to show prospects of changes of this market in the face of EU Directives implementation, – to present the situation and purpose of Poczta Polska SA in the context of full liberalisation of the postal services market.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2011, 256
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation in International Integration Associations as a Factor of Ukraine’s Global Competitive Power
Autorzy:
Zayats, Olena
Pryiatelchuk, Olena
Korol, Maryna
Palinchak, Mykola
Korol, Ihor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Ameryk i Europy. Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG)
Tematy:
integration
collaboration
competitive advantages
liberalisation
international trade
association
Opis:
Current glocalisation processes require the identification of priority areas for Ukraine’s further integration into the international economy. The right choice of direction, tools and forms of implementation allows the government to determine, justify and implement a competitive strategy for the country. The study aimed to determine the relationship between international economic integration and Ukraine’s global competitive power. Identifying Ukraine’s sectoral comparative advantages in trade with the EU and evaluating the index of the regional orientation of Ukraine for specific groups of goods and services made it possible to define the effects of economic collaboration with the European region. The assessment of the complementarity index of Ukrainian–European trade relations revealed that Ukraine and the European Union are main trading partners. Furthermore, the analysis of the mechanism of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union proved that the agreement actively contributes to the growth of Ukraine’s global competitive power. Comparative analysis in historical retrospect revealed priority areas for improving the integration processes which help to form the main competitive advantages of the country.
Źródło:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne; 2023, Special Issue; 37-49
1509-4995
Pojawia się w:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Attempts to protect the internal market for road transport in specific European Union countries
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
liberalisation
protectionism
minimum wage
European Union regulations
restrictions
limitations
Opis:
The seven-year period to adapt internal law to EU regulations was given to new Member States on 1 May 2004 and ended in 2011. The highly-developed western states, fearing that their internal markets in fields such as transport services may be threatened, adopted a number of new regulations. Regulation (EC) No. 1072/2009 of the European Parliament is on common rules for access to the international road-haulage market, and despite introducing numerous restrictions, was to regulate cabotage operations in all Member States. However, the protection of each State’s own interests proved more important than the integrity of the Community and therefore some of the states, including Germany, have introduced severe limitations for foreign carriers, forcing them to observe the Minimum Wage Act (MiLoG).
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2016, 47 (119); 141-146
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywy uwolnienia rynku gazu ziemnego w Polsce - kierunki działań w latach 2012-2014
Autorzy:
Latoszek, Ewa
Speczik, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
low-carbon economy, natural gas market liberalisation, economic competitiveness
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyse recent actions undertaken in Poland with the purpose of liberalising the natural gas market. It seems that the drive towards a liberalised natural gas market has been dynamic in Poland in recent years, especially due to the strong EU pressure after the introduction of the third energy package.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2014, 3; 71-87
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of non-governmental organizations in trade policy – case study of campaigns against TTIP and CETA in Germany
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Germany
NGOs
free trade
liberalisation
civil society
EU
TTIP
CETA
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyze the role of NGOs in organizing public opposition to trade liberalisation on the example of the campaign against TTIP and CETA in Germany. The study was divided into two parts. The first part analyses the increasing importance of NGOs in trade policy, using as an example the actions against the multilateral trading system of the WTO and the chosen preferential trade arrangements. The second part of the study focuses on non-state actors’ activities in Germany opposing the CETA and TTIP negotiations.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 523; 400-415
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Benefits and Costs of Vertical Separation in Network Industries. The Case of Railway Transport in the European Environment
Autorzy:
Król, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
network industries
public utilities
railway transport
economic regulation
liberalisation
vertical separation
Opis:
The article is devoted to a phenomenon called vertical separation in the area of network industries. Vertical separation is understood as de-merging of infrastructure and delegating control over it to independent manager banned from operating on downstream markets which are subject to liberalisation. Arguments for and against these tendencies have been examined using the example of the European railway transport. The complete analysis presents vertical separation as a promising solution for the railway industry. One of the conditions for the success of this reform is forming of a close cooperative relationship, based on loyalty and trust, between the infrastructure manager and its clients – rail operators. Building such a relationship should be supported by the implemented regulatory policy.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 170-191
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade Liberalisation: A Generalized Cournot Oligopoly Approach
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
Cournot oligopoly model
firm heterogeneity
imperfect competition
international trade liberalisation
market structure
Opis:
The main goal of this article is to contribute to the theoretical analysis of international trade under imperfect competition using the Cournot oligopoly model with heterogeneous firms. In particular, our objective is to provide some insights into the role of cost asymmetry in studying the effects of trade liberalisation in the Cournot oligopoly framework. In order to introduce firm heterogeneity into the oligopoly model we use the generalised Cournot framework with asymmetric firms that differ in terms of their productivity, levels of output and market shares. We show that trade liberalisation leads to the elimination of less productive firms and results in lower equilibrium prices, higher sales per firm and lower markups in the industry.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 67-78
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procesy globalizacji gospodarki światowej po II wojnie światowej
The Process of the Globalisation of World Economy After World War Two
Autorzy:
Jóźwik, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
globalizacja
globalizacja gospodarki światowej
liberalizacja handlu międzynarodowego
liberalizacja przepływu zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich
globalisation
globalisation of world economy
liberalisation of international trade
liberalisation of the transfer of foreign direct investments
Opis:
The paper characterises the process of the globalisation of world economy after World War Two, focusing on its specific properties in particular decades of the twentieth century. In the first years following the Second World War trade dominated in the international relations. In the 1970s and 1980s the prime mover of the process of globalisation was played by the international capital transfer. From the mid-1980s, however, it was investigations of international corporations and technology transfer that became important. In line with the globalisation of world economy there is a process of economic integration, the process that accelerates the expansion of international corporations abroad.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 3; 207-223
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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