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Tytuł:
Zastosowanie termowizji do detekcji nieszczelności w sektorze motoryzacyjnym
The Use of Thermovision for Leak Detection in the Automotive Sector
Autorzy:
Macherzyński, Wojciech
Ochman, Marcin
Kulas, Zbigniew
Dudek, Krzysztof
Didyk, Mateusz
Sroczyński, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
detekcja nieszczelności
lokalizacja nieszczelności
termowizja
algorytm klasyfikacji nieszczelności
leakage detection
leakage localization
thermovision
leakage classification algorithm
Opis:
Coraz bardziej rygorystyczne wymagania w zakresie ochrony środowiska, bezpieczeństwa czy niezawodności wymuszają na firmach z sektora motoryzacyjnego stosowanie efektywniejszych testów potwierdzających wymaganą szczelności komponentów (chłodnic, zbiorników, sprężyn powietrznych itp.). Obecnie stosowane metody niosą ze sobą ograniczenia, które generują otwartość przemysłu motoryzacyjnego na zupełnie nowe sposoby realizacji pomiaru nieszczelności. Zastosowanie kamer termowizyjnych do pomiaru energii cieplnej jest obecnie powszechną praktyką w wielu dziedzinach, a zastosowanie ich do pomiaru nieszczelności zamkniętych ustrojów pozwoliłoby na znaczne skrócenie czasu pomiarów w przypadku zbiorników odkształcalnych, wymagających długich czasów stabilizacji w metodach konkurencyjnych. W artykule opisano zastosowanie termowizji do wykrywania nieszczelności sprężyn gazowych.
Increasing requirements for environmental protection, safety or reliability force automotive industries to use more efficient tests to measure tightness of the components. Currently adapted methods brings limitations which makes automotive industry open for new techniques for leakage tests. Infrared cameras are widely used in various fields. Using them to test leakage of closed-volume systems allows to significantly reduce test time, especially for objects which requires long stabilization times in competitive methods. In the article thermovision usage for leakage detection of gas springs were described.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2021, 25, 3; 79--85
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leakage control methods for metal underground tanks and tanks placed on hardened soil with the use of radioactive tracers
Autorzy:
Kraś, J.
Nobis, C.
Myczkowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
leakage control
radioactive tracers
Opis:
Liquid fuel leakage control issues in underground tanks and tanks placed on hardened soil has been presented. Particularly the bottoms of the tanks were taken into account due to difficulties in physical access to them. Two ways of control have been presented. The first one refers to localization of the leakage from inside of the tank and is based on forced movement of the medium, and the second one refers to disclosure of leakage in closed end units, i.e. in those whose upper and bottom ends have no access. The second one is based on a groundwater technique. Three new examine techniques have been presented, all based on the forced flow of liquid movement: jacket, membrane and float techniques.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 137-140
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Leakage Power Reduction in VLSI Circuits
Autorzy:
Leela Rani, V.
Madhavi Latha, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/225990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
leakage power
PSO algorithm
genetic algorithm
minimum leakage vector
Verilog-HDL implementation
Opis:
Leakage power is the dominant source of power dissipation in nanometer technology. As per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) static power dominates dynamic power with the advancement in technology. One of the well-known techniques used for leakage reduction is Input Vector Control (IVC). Due to stacking effect in IVC, it gives less leakage for the Minimum Leakage Vector (MLV) applied at inputs of test circuit. This paper introduces Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to the field of VLSI to find minimum leakage vector. Another optimization algorithm called Genetic algorithm (GA) is also implemented to search MLV and compared with PSO in terms of number of iterations. The proposed approach is validated by simulating few test circuits. Both GA and PSO algorithms are implemented in Verilog HDL and the simulations are carried out using Xilinx 9.2i. From the simulation results it is found that PSO based approach is best in finding MLV compared to Genetic based implementation as PSO technique uses less runtime compared to GA. To the best of the author’s knowledge PSO algorithm is used in IVC technique to optimize power for the first time and it is quite successful in searching MLV.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2016, 62, 2; 179-186
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The unsteadiness of tip clearance flow and its effect to stability of transonic axial compressor
Nieustaloność przepływu w szczelinie wierzchołkowej i jej wpływ na stabilność pracy przydźwiękowej sprężarki osiowej
Autorzy:
Hu, J. F.
Zhu, X. C.
Ou-Yang, H.
Tian, J.
Wu, Y. D.
Qiang, X. Q.
Zhao, G.
Du, Z. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
tip leakage flow
compressor
stability
Opis:
The steady and unsteady RANS simulations of a transonic compressor rotor (NASA rotor 37) are performed to investigate the tip clearance flow characteristic and correlations between tip leakage flow and compressor stability. For steady simulations, the results are compared with the aerodynamic probe and laser anemometer data. The speed lines and span-wise aerodynamic parameters agree well with the experimental data. On the other hand, the tip clearance flow of unsteady simulations are analysed clearly at a near stall condition. The results show that there is a mass flow rate boundary. The tip clearance flow oscillates substantially with a frequency about 50% BPF when the mass is less than that, which is caused by tip clearance flow, shock, and the interaction between them and the oncoming flow. The interface between the oncoming flow and clearance flow shifts forward, and the tip clearance flow may spill over into the adjacent blade passage as the mass flow decreases, which may results in the spike stall inception.
W pracy przedstawiono symulacje stanu ustalonego i nieustalonego przydźwiękowej sprężarki osiowej (turbina NASA 37) z zastosowaniem metody Reynoldsa uśredniania równań Naviera-Stokesa (RANS) w celu zbadania charakterystyki przepływu w szczelinie wierzchołkowej oraz określenia zależności pomiędzy stratami związanymi z upływem w tej szczelinie a stabilnością pracy sprężarki. Wyniki symulacji stanu ustalonego porównano z danymi doświadczalnymi uzyskanymi za pomocą sondy aerodynamicznej i laserowego wiatromierza. Wyznaczone wzdłuż rozpiętości sprężarki linie prędkości przepływu i jego parametry aerodynamiczne okazały się zgodne z danymi doświadczalnymi. W przypadku symulacji stanu nieustalonego, analizę przepływu w szczelinie wierzchołkowej przeprowadzono dla warunków bliskich oderwania, tj. utraty wydajności sprężarki, wyznaczając graniczny wydatek przepływu dla takiej sytuacji. Poniżej tej granicznej wartości, zmiany przepływu w szczelinie oscylują z częstotliwością sięgającą 50% częstotliwości przejścia łopatek (tzw. BPF), co jest konsekwencją interakcji wywołanej zderzeniem przepływu z falą napływową w szczelinie wierzchołkowej. Powierzchnia tej interakcji przesuwa się do przodu, a sam przepływ może rozpaść się na fragmenty znajdujące ujście w kanałach przyległych łopatek. Zjawisko to zachodzi przy malejącym wydatku, a to z kolei może indukować oderwanie przepływu skokowymi zmianami mocy współpracującego silnika.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2013, 51, 2; 431-438
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An experimental study of emission and combustion characteristics of marine diesel engine in case of cylinder Valves leakage
Autorzy:
Kowalski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
marine diesel engine
exhaust gas composition
emission
exhaust gas valve leakage
inlet valve leakage
Opis:
Presented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and a gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, four-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests over 50 parameters of the engine were measured with its technical condition recognized as a „working properly” and with simulated leakage of both air intake valve and exhaust gas valve on the second cylinder. The results of this laboratory research confirm that the leakage of cylinder valves causes no significant changes of the thermodynamic parameters of the engine. Simulated leakages through the inlet and exhaust valve caused a significant increase in fuel consumption of the engine. Valve leakages cause an increase of the exhaust gas temperature behind the cylinder with leakage and behind other cylinders. The exhaust gas temperature increase is relatively small and clearly visible only at low loads of the engine. The increase of the temperature and pressure of the charging air behind the intercooler were observed too. Charging air temperature is significantly higher during the engine operation with inlet valve leakage. The study results show significant increases of the CO, NOx and CO2 emission for all the mentioned malfunctions. The conclusion is that the results of measurements of the composition of the exhaust gas may contain valuable diagnostic information about the technical condition of the air intake duct and the exhaust gas duct of the marine engine.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 3; 90-98
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydraulic analysis of leakage from submarine pipe network
Autorzy:
Li, J. H.
Fan, Y. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258776.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
submarine pipe network
leakage
transient flow
Opis:
The leakage from submarine pipe network is investigated by a numerical model in this paper. A whole event including of the steady flow before the leakage, the transient flow during the leakage and the steady flow after the leakage is considered in the model. The numerical results of the discharge and the head compare with the theoretical solution under the condition of steady flow. Good agreement is obtained. The numerical results of the discharge and the head show that the discharge and the head in each pipe changes suddenly after the leakage occurring. The abrupt trend of the discharge in each pipe is not same completely. Some change upwards, while others downwards. However, the abrupt trend of the head is always downward. The effects of leakage discharge on the transient flow are also investigated. It is founded that the larger the leakage discharge, the more obvious the abrupt trend of the discharge and the head before or after the leakage is.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, S 1; 48-55
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modern methods for monitoring water leakages in water networks
Autorzy:
Kwietniewski, Marian
Świercz, Piotr
Chudzicki, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
water supply network
monitoring
water leakage
Opis:
The main idea of this article is to adopt the thesis that the main and, at the same time, the most effective (apart from proper maintenance and operation) element of the strategy of limiting water losses in water supply networks is continuous integrated monitoring of the network using the latest achievements of IT technologies, including GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (The Global System for Mobile Communications) and software based on a cloud platform. Considering the above, the paper highlights the problem of leakages against the background of water deficit in the world and proposes a classification of methods for detecting and estimating the size of leakages. On the basis of available literature sources, selected modern and, in the authors’ opinion, most interesting water loss monitoring systems enabling leak detection and estimation of the amount of wasted water are presented. Then, these methods are analysed, pointing to their strengths and weaknesses in terms of leak detection efficiency.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2022, 44, 1; 53--65
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modernisation of steam turbine construction at regenerative steam extraction point
Autorzy:
Szymaniak, M.
Gardzilewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
modernization
turbine stage
extraction point
leakage
Opis:
The paper presents a methodology which has led to improvement of the turbine stage performance in the regenerative steam extraction chamber area by introducing a ring which collects the leakage flow from the gaps over unshrouded rotor blade tips and directs it to the extraction chamber. A comparison is made between the results obtained for the initial design (without a ring) and the design with the ring mounted. The results obtained for the construction were calibrated using the data measured on a real turbine in a Polish power plant.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2010, 14, 4; 319-327
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the quality characteristics of raspberry fruit due to mechanical vibrations and storage conditions
Autorzy:
Mazur, Jacek
Panasiewicz, Marian
Zawiślak, Kazimierz
Sobczak, Paweł
Nadulski, Rafał
Łysiak, Grzegorz
Kraśnicka, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
raspberry fruits
mechanical impact
juice leakage
Opis:
The paper presents the results of a study investigating a mechanical impact, in the form of vibrations, on the overall quality of raspberry fruits after harvest, in view of the conditions of their transport to the consumer and the processing plant. The degree of compaction of the raspberry fruit layer was determined during a test carried out under laboratory conditions, and the amount of juice leakage, resulting from the vibrations to which the raspberries were subjected, was measured. It was demonstrated that the quantity (mass) of juice leakage was considerably affected by the mechanical impact, in the form of vibrations, exerted on a layer of raspberry fruits. The leakage was smaller in cooled fruits, and significantly greater in fruits that were not subjected to cooling immediately after harvest, and were stored under ambient conditions.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2019, 22(4); 319-328
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Obesity on Anastomotic Leakage After Anterior Rectal Resectionperformed Due to Cancer
Autorzy:
Piecuch, Jerzy
Wiewióra, Maciej
Szrot, Monika
Jopek, Janusz
Krzak, Albert
Haza, Szymon
Sosada, Krystyn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395570.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
obesity
rectal cancer
anterior resection
anastomotic leakage
Opis:
Anterior resection for rectal cancer carries the risk of serious complications, especially fistulas at the site of anastomosis. Numerous factors have been shown to impact anastomotic leakage. The results of studies on the influence of obesity on the frequency of anastomotic leakage after rectal resection performed due to cancer have been contradictory. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and frequency of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection performed due to cancer. Material and methods. This retrospective analysis included 222 subsequent patients who had undergone anterior resection due to cancer with an anastomosis formed with a mechanical suture. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on their BMI quartile as follows: Group I, BMI < 23.8 kg/m2 (lower quartile); group II, BMI between 23.8 and 29.38 kg/m2 (middle quartile); and group III, BMI > 29.38 kg/m2 (upper quartile). Results. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 8 (3.6%) patients. Fistulas occurred in 4 out of 61 patients (6.56%) in group I, which was the highest incidence of fistulas for all 3 groups. In group II, fistulas occurred in 2 out of 55 patients (3.63%), and similarly, in group III, they occurred in 2 out of 106 patients (1.87%). The differences found in the frequency of fistulas between groups were not statistically significant (p=0.31). The logistic regression analysis did not show any relationship between leakage and age (p = 0.55; OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.95 - 1.1), sex (p = 0.97; OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.22 - 4.25) or BMI (p = 0.27; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.22 - 1.53). Conclusions. The results of our study show that BMI did not have any influence on the frequency of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection performed due to cancer.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2015, 87, 3; 124-128
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theoretical aspects and numerical modelling of the GPR method to analyse its possibilities for the detection of leakages in urban water supply networks
Autorzy:
Gołębiowski, Tomisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
GPR
leakage
water supply network
urbanised areas
Opis:
Geophysical methods, especially selected electrical and electromagnetic ones, have been used for many years for the non-invasive detection of leakages from water supply networks. In this paper, the author focuses on theoretical aspects and numerical simulations to analyse the possibilities and limitations of the application of the selected electromagnetic method, i.e., the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method for the aforementioned purpose. Various measurement techniques are used in the GPR method but in the paper the author refers to the most commonly used technique known as short-offset reflection profiling (SORP). As demonstrated in the paper, the detection of water leakages into a homogeneous and isotropic geological medium using the GPR method is a simple matter. However, the detection of leakages occurring in heterogeneous ground subjected to strong anthropopression and with the presence of electromagnetic interference becomes a difficult task, and interpretation may be difficult or even impossible. An important issue analysed in the paper was the phenomenon of the scattering of electromagnetic waves on underground anthropogenic objects, which very often occurs in urbanised areas. The results of the numerical modelling carried out for various scenarios of water leakages into typical ground allowed the possibilities and limitations of using the GPR method for the detection of leakages from water supply networks to be determined.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2023, 49, 4; 357--373
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Test stand intended for the study on the leak tightness of air-handling units with built-in heat recuperators
Stanowisko do badania szczelności central wentylacyjnych z odzyskiem ciepła
Autorzy:
Kozioł, S.
Matras, E.
Zbrowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
ventilation
tightness
heat recuperators
outside air leakage
inside air leakage
wentylacja
szczelność
wymiennik ciepła
przeciek zewnętrzny
przeciek wewnętrzny
Opis:
The article presents a prototype device and methods for the testing of the tightness of air handling units with built-in heat recuperators. The tightness test is a preliminary test that helps to verify whether the device can in fact be used in a mechanical ventilation installation. The external and internal air leakage was tested with the use of a standard gas meter equipped with an electronic impulse transmitter. The test stand cooperates with a built-in control system developed by the authors to determine thermal efficiency and humidity recovery in recuperators constituting elements of the developed air-handling unit.
W artykule przedstawiono prototypowe urządzenie i metodykę badania szczelności zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej central wentylacyjnych z odzyskiem ciepła. Badanie szczelności jest wstępnym testem sprawdząjacym przydatność urządzenia do zastosowania w instalacji wentylacji mechanicznej. Do dokładnego pomiaru przecieku wewnętrznego lub zewnętrznego centrali zastosowano legalizowany gazomierz wyposażony w elektroniczny nadajnik impulsów. Stanowisko wspołpracuje ze zbudowanym przez autorów układem sterowania instalacji do wyznaczania sprawności temperaturowej i odzysku wilgoci w rekuperatorach wchodzących w skład centrali.
Źródło:
Problemy Eksploatacji; 2013, 3; 113-122
1232-9312
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Eksploatacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przebieg procesu mrożenia śledzi i szprotów bałtyckich w zależności od postaci surowca i metody mrożenia
The run of the freezing process of Baltic herring and sprat depending on the form of the raw material and the freezing method
Autorzy:
PAWLIKOWSKI, Bogusław
KOMAR-SZYMCZAK, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1429719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-01
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii i Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego Spomasz; Politechnika Koszalińska. Katedra Procesów i Urządzeń Przemysłu Spożywczego
Tematy:
śledź
szprot
proces mrożenia
temperatura
wyciek swobodny
wyciek termiczny
herring
sprat
freezing process
temperature
free leakage
thermal leakage
Opis:
Celem pracy było zbadanie przebiegu procesu mrożenia wybranych półproduktów ze szprotów i śledzi bałtyckich, mrożonych indywidualnie oraz w blokach, w zakresie temperatur -18 ÷ -40°C, z zastosowaniem urządzeń konwencjonalnych, o zróżnicowanej prędkości mrożenia. Stwierdzono, że, zastosowane parametry miały duży wpływ na przebieg procesu mrożenia szprotów, w postaci całych ryb oraz tuszek. Szproty mrożone indywidualnie charakteryzowały się szybszym przebiegiem procesu mrożenia oraz uzyskaniem zadanej temperatury, w po-równaniu ze szprotami mrożonymi w bloku oraz szprotami mrożonymi w bloku z 20% dodatkiem wody. Na przykładzie szprotów bałtyckich mrożonych różnymi metodami zbadano wpływ obróbki cieplnej (parowania) na wielkość ubytków masy ryb spowodowanych wyciekiem termicznym. Określono wpływ temperatury i prędkości mrożenia na wielkości wycieku swobodnego rozmrożonych szprotów i śledzi bałtyckich podczas chłodniczego przechowywania. Badania wykazały istotny wpływ zastosowanych metod mrożenia półproduktów ze szprotów i śledzi bałtyckich na przebieg procesu mrożenia i zmiany wybranych wskaźników fizycznych.
The aim of the work was to examine the run of the freezing process of selected semi-products from Baltic sprat and herring, frozen individually and in blocks, in the temperature range -18 ÷ -40°C, with external devices used, with varying freezing speeds. It was found that the parameters used have a great impact on the freezing process of sprat, in the form of whole fish and carcasses. Individual sprats frozen are characterized by a faster run of the freezing process and obtaining the set temperature, in operation with frozen sprats in the block and frozen sprats in the block with 20% water addition. On the basis of frozen Baltic sprat, various methods were used to examine the effect of heat treatment (evaporation) on the volume of losses of fish mass affected by thermal leak-age. The effect of freezing temperature and speed on the free leakage of thawed Baltic sprat and herring during the thawing set was determined. Research have shown a significant impact on the methods of freezing Baltic sprat and herring on the run of the freezing process and changes in selected physical indicators.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2019, 28, 4; 26-30
2084-9494
2300-2018
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ultra-low Power FinFET SRAM Cell with Improved Stability Suitable for Low Power Applications
Autorzy:
Birla, Shilpi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FinFET
RSNM
WSNM
hold margin
subthreshold
leakage power
Opis:
In this paper, a new 11T SRAM cell using FinFET technology has been proposed, the basic component of the cell is the 6T SRAM cell with 4 NMOS access transistors to improve the stability and also makes it a dual port memory cell. The proposed cell uses a header scheme in which one extra PMOS transistor is used which is biased at different voltages to improve the read and write stability thus, helps in reducing the leakage power and active power. The cell shows improvement in RSNM (Read Static Noise Margin) with LP8T by 2.39x at sub-threshold voltage 2.68x with D6T SRAM cell, 5.5x with TG8T. The WSNM (Write Static Noise Margin) and HM (Hold Margin) of the SRAM cell at 0.9V is 306mV and 384mV. At sub-threshold operation also it shows improvement. The Leakage power reduced by 0.125x with LP8T, 0.022x with D6T SRAM cell, TG8T and SE8T. Also, impact of process variation on cell stability is discussed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 4; 603-609
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe metody pomiaru przecieku w systemach sprężonego powietrza
New leakage measurement methods in compressed air systems
Autorzy:
Dindorf, R.
Mazur, S.
Woś, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/157364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
przeciek sprężonego powietrza
pomiar przecieku powietrza
instalacja pneumatyczna
przepływ kontrolowany
compressed air leakage
measurement leakage
pneumatic pipeline
controlled flow
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono nowe metody pomiaru przecieku w systemach sprężonego powietrza przy wykorzystaniu urządzenia pomiarowego włączonego na odgałęzienie rurociągu. Nowe metody pomiaru opierają się na określeniu relacji miedzy przeciekiem w instalacji pneumatycznej a standardowym przepływem przez otwór kalibrowany lub przepływem kontrolowanym przez zawór dławiący nastawny. Przeciek sprężonego powietrza w instalacji pneumatycznej jest obliczany na podstawie pomiaru spadku ciśnienia w dwóch przedziałach czasu – z uwzględnieniem i bez uwzględnieni przepływu kontrolowanego. Zaproponowane metody pomiaru przecieku w instalacji pneumatycznej, w odróżnieniu od powszechnie stosowanych metod pośrednich, nie wymagają znajomości parametrów zbiornika i sprężarki. Metody te można stosować do pomiaru przecieku w wyodrębnionych gałęziach lub miejscach instalacji pneumatycznej: w rurociągu głównym, przewodach rozprowadzających, przewodach przyłączeniowych do urządzeń pneumatycznych.
In the paper there are proposed new measurement methods for the compressed air leakage flow rate in pneumatic pipe systems with use of measurement equipment connected to a pneumatic pipeline branch. The new measurement methods are based on determining the relation between the air leakage flow rate in a pipeline and the standard flow rate in a calibrated orifice or the controlled air flow rate in an adjustable throttle valve. The compressed air leakage flow rate in pneumatic systems is calculated on the basis of pressure drop measurements in two time periods - during leakage with and without the controlled flow. The proposed measurement methods for the compressed air leakage of a pneumatic system are independent of receiver and compressor parameters, which is not the case in the traditional methods for measurements of the compressed air leakage. Branch connections of the measurement equipment in a pneumatic system do not require pipeline disassembly or modification. The methods can be used to measure the compressed air leakage in any place of the pneumatic pipe system: main line, distribution lines and connection lines to pneu-matic devices.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2013, R. 59, nr 6, 6; 566-569
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method of investigating internal leakages in aircraft hydraulic units
Autorzy:
Szczepaniak, P.
Jastrzębski, G.
Jóźko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft hydraulic unit
internal leakage
precision hydraulic pair
Opis:
Methods of diagnosing technical condition of aircraft hydraulic systems have been analysed. Associated precision pairs of aircraft hydraulic systems have been presented. The most essential features of operating conditions and the loads that affect distributor components of sliding pairs have been identified. The structure of BU intensifier with a sliding distributor has been illustrated. Equation for internal leakages for a precision hydraulic pair with a concentric annular gap (clearance) has been presented. Illustrated and discussed are instances of examining internal leakages occurring in hydraulic systems (with direct methods applied). Findings of research into these issues have been presented as based on measurements taken on the hydraulic system of the Su-22 operated by the Air Force of the Republic of Poland. The technique of examining the problem consists in taking and recording measurements of the drop in pressure in the hydraulic system. The relationship between time of pressure-drop and total leakage for hydraulic systems of particular Su-22 aircraft has been illustrated. The results of research direct and indirect methods have been presented and analysed. Both methods have been compared from the aspect of assessing technical condition of the aircraft hydraulic system. Potential factors that could affect measurements with a given method have been identified.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 471-478
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global Climate Negotiations: Setting the Agenda
Autorzy:
Żylicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Ośrodek Analiz Politologicznych
Tematy:
economic theory
public goods
international environmental negotiations
carbon leakage
Opis:
The paper addresses ways to protect the climate which seems to be adversely affected by the global carbon dioxide emission. In economic terms, climate protection is a 'public good,' which means that it calls for international cooperation since unilateral actions are not only ineffective, but may even be harmful. Despite that, some politicians try to set a global climate protection agenda focusing on non-climate benefits accruing to individual countries or regions. Such an approach postpones reaching an international agreement which is necessary to stop global warming.
Artykuł dotyczy sposobów ochrony klimatu, który wydaje się być zmieniany przez globalne emisje dwutlenku węgla. W żargonie ekonomicznym ochrona klimatu stanowi „dobro publiczne", co oznacza, że wymaga współpracy międzynarodowej, jako że działania jednostronne są nie tylko nieskuteczne, ale mogą być wręcz szkodliwe. Nie zważając na to, część polityków próbuje skierować debatę na temat ochrony klimatu w stronę korzyści poza klimatycznych, przypadających poszczególnym krajom lub regionom. Podejście takie opóźnia osiągnięcie międzynarodowego porozumienia, niezbędnego dla powstrzymania globalnego ocieplenia.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"; 2013, 7; 8-20
2084-5294
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leakage of mono- and divalent cations through the weak-base anion exchange membrane in the process of electrodialysis of H2SO4 and its metal salt mixture
Autorzy:
Kultys, M.
Koter, S.
Gilewicz-Łukasik, B.
Koter, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
Tematy:
anion-exchange membrane
electrodialysis
metal cation leakage
sulfuric acid
Opis:
Experimental results on the separation of sulfuric acid from its mixture with sodium- and magnesium sulfate, respectively, by the electrodialytic method have been presented. The Selemion AVV membrane as anion-exchange membrane was used. It was found that the leakage of Na+ from the cathode to the anode side of the AAV was higher than that of Mg2+. The leakage of Na+ decreased with the acid concentration whereas that of Mg2+ increased. Surprisingly enough, the permeability of Na+ increased with the electric current density, indicating a substantial contribution of electroosmotic convection to the Na+ flow. The current efficiency of the anions transport (HSO4 -, SO4 2-) through the AAV hardly exceeded 50%. It was independent of the kind of salt present on the cathode side of the AAV.
Źródło:
Ars Separatoria Acta; 2011, 8; 101-108
1731-6340
Pojawia się w:
Ars Separatoria Acta
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of circumferential grooves casing treatment on tip leakage flow and loss in a transonic mixed-flow compressor
Autorzy:
Qiang, X. Q.
Zhu, M. M.
Teng, J. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
compressor
casing treatment
tip leakage
flow loss
numerical simulation
Opis:
A numerical simulation of a single stage transonic mixed-flow compressor is presented. The simulation is run with a multi-passage grid that models the 3D, viscous, steady and unsteady flow field. The effect of circumferential grooves casing treatment on the compressor overall performance, tip leakage flow and loss has been studied. The results show that the narrow operating range has been significantly broaden by the casing treatment grooves, while the mismatching between the rotor and stator still exists and becomes even worse. Detailed analysis indicates that the fluid from circumferential grooves is injected into the blade passage near the suction surface and re-energizes the leakage flow, which makes mainly contribution to manipulation of the tip leakage flow and stall margin improvement. Since the pressure difference across the blade tip section has a great impact on the effectiveness of circumferential grooves, the positions of shock wave and tip leakage flow as well as where the interaction takes place ought to be taken into account through the casing treatment design procedure.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2013, 51, 4; 903-913
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tip leakage flows in turbines
Autorzy:
Lampart, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
axial flow turbine
shrouded/unshrouded blades
tip leakage
CFD
Opis:
Mechanisms of formation of the tir leakage over shrouded and unshrouded rotor blades are described in the paper. The loss diagrams for these two types of leakage in a wide range of cascade inlet and outlet flow angles are also plotted. They are obtained in a theoretical way from a model of stream mixing with the help of simplifying assumptions concerning the load of the rotor profile. Results of numerical investigations based on a 3D RANS solver FlowER are also presented in the paper. They extend on the effects of geometrical and flow parameters of the cascade (stage or stage group) on the development of flow losses in the leakage-dominated region as well as on the interaction of tip leakage flow with secondary flows. The tip clearance size, the level of flow turning in the cascade, incidence angle and the effect of relative motion of the blades and endwall are considered here in the case of unshrouded free-tip blades. In the case of shrouded rotor blades the tip leakage mass flow rate and its direction on the re-entry to the blade-to-blade passage. Since the tip leakage non-uniformities are hardly dissipated within the blade row where they originate, the interaction of the tip leakage with the flow in the downstream stator is considered. Same investigations also take into account the effect of relative motion of the stator and rotor blades.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2006, 10, 2; 139-175
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automatic Measurement System for Determination of Leakage Flow Rate in Compressed Air Pipeline System
Autorzy:
Dindorf, R.
Wos, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
compressed air system
leakage flow rate
automatic measuring system
Opis:
A new method of indirect flow rate measurement in a pneumatic pipeline system was developed by the authors. The method enables to measure the controlled leakage in a branch line and was used to construct automatic measuring systems auditing the compressed air systems (CAS) piping. In the CAS audit the volume and cost of the leakage in a compressed air pipeline system is evaluated. Based on the authors’ patent, an automatic measuring system (AMS) for measurement of the leakage flow rate in industrial compressed air system piping, was developed. The AMS consists of a measurement device (MD) and a control system (CS). In the measurement device (MD) a novel bifunctional pneumatic proportional control valve is used. The AMS system will be used in the new research project “Mobile laboratory of compressed air system audit” based on the authors’ concept.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 1; 159-170
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Durability tests of ball valve prototype with flowmeter operation
Autorzy:
Rogula, J.
Romanik, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/266190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
tarcie
prototyp
zawór kulowy
friction
leakage
ball valve
prototype
Opis:
The results of the investigation of the prototypical ball valve are presented in this article. The innovation of the tested valve is a ball with a built-in measuring orifice. The valve has been subjected to durability tests. Leakage under three temperatures: ambient, -30°C and +100°C was analyzed. Sealing elements of the valve were tested for roughness and deviation of shape before and after the cycles of operation. Ball valve operation means cycles of open/close. It was planned to perform 1000 cycles at each temperature condition accordingly. Tests of the valve were performed under gas pressure equal to 10 MPa. The research was carried out under the Operational Program “Intelligent Development” (POIR 01.01.01-00-0013 / 15 “Development of devices for measurement of media flow on industrial trunk-lines”.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2018, 23, 1; 235-249
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of slot leakage inductance for three-phase induction motor winding using an analytical method
Autorzy:
Staszak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
slot leakage inductance
self- and mutual inductances
induction motor
Opis:
The article introduced some expressions for self- and mutual slot leakage inductance of phase windings for the mathematical model of an induction machine in the natural phase coordinate system and for dq0 model and in an arbitrary coordinate frame. Calculation of self- and mutual slot leakage inductance have been performed for threephase double-layer, delta and delta-modified winding connections. Introduced expressions may be useful in the design of windings and in the analysis of dynamic states of AC electrical machines.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2013, 62, 4; 569-591
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miospore evidence for the Carboniferous age of rocks from the Świebodzice Unit (Sudetes, SW Poland)
Autorzy:
Pluta, K.
Górecka-Nowak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Świebodzice Unit
Devonian
Carboniferous
redeposition
stratigraphical leakage
thermal event
Opis:
The paper provides new results of palynological studies of rocks from the Świebodzice Unit. An abundant Carboniferous miospores were found in rocks of the Pogorzała Formation from the southern part of this unit. These miospores occur in rocks containing also macrofloral and marine macrofaunal fossils, partly reworked, which were usually considered Upper Devonian. Two miospore sub-assemblages of different ages and colours have been distinguished. One of them consists of poorly preserved miospores, dark in colour, which indicate the Late Visean–Serpukhovian age of the rocks. The other sub-assemblage, found only in a few samples, consists of much lighter and well-preserved miospores of the Asturian age. Their presence is considered as a result of stratigraphical leakage. Observation of the miospore colour indicates that the thermal event occurred after the Late Devonian and before the Asturian and the palaeotemperature exceeded ~180°C. These new data indicate that the geological history of the Świebodzice Unit lasted longer and was much complex than it was previously considered.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2018, 62, 1; 120--133
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method elaboration for determining heat losses within heat leakage bridges occurring in isothermal and cooling bodies
Autorzy:
Rochatka, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
heat leakage bridge
heat flux density
thermovision
isothermal body
Opis:
This paper presents the author’s method for the heat flux evaluation on the basis of a thermal photograph. This method is based on the comparison of surface temperatures of two areas where one of them is a thermally loaded with a known heat flux and the other control area which is not thermally loaded. With the method presented in the article analysing heat fluxes in places of high heat flux gradients occurring within heat leakage bridges, especially the service ones connected with the material humidity where heat flux density sensors can give substantial errors when the flux on the sensor surface is averaged.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2015, 61, 6; 242-244
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical analysis on the influence of the twisted blade on the aerodynamic performance of turbine
Autorzy:
Jin, J.
Wang, Z.
Cao, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
turbine
twisted blade
leakage vortex
pressure gradient
tip clearance
Opis:
With the gradual increase of the thermal power unit capacity, the inlet steam parameters and flow of the turbine also increase gradually, which causes considerable secondary flow loss. Therefore, studying the causes and distribution of secondary flow loss within the level is of great significance to effectively improve the stage internal efficiency of turbine. Take high-pressure stage moving blade of a turbine as the research object, and adopt the k-ωSST model, the SIMPLEC algorithm to numerically simulate the formation and development process of leakage vortex between the tip clearance of the positive bending twisted blade and its effect on the secondary flow of cascade passage. Results show that relative to the conventional twisted blade, the scope of influence of leakage vortex which the steam flow formed near the suction surface of positive bending twisted blade and the disturbance to passage mainstream become smaller, and the increase of tip clearance has weakened the „C” type pressure gradient of suction surface of the positive bending twisted blade, increased the thickness of the boundary layer at both ends of blades and the loss of the blade end.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, S 1; 86-90
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda pośrednia pomiaru przecieku w instalacji sprężonego powietrza
Indirect measurement method of leakage flow rate in compressed air systems
Autorzy:
Dindorf, R.
Woś, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/267538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Elektrotechniki i Automatyki
Tematy:
urządzenie pomiarowe przecieku
natężenie przecieku
przeciek kontrolowany
system sprężonego powietrza
leakage measurement equipment
leakage flow rate
controlled air flow
compressed air systems
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono metodę pośrednią pomiaru natężenia przecieku w instalacji sprężonego powietrza przy wykorzystaniu urządzenia pomiarowego włączonego na odgałęzieniu rurociągu. Zaproponowana metoda pośrednia polega na określaniu relacji miedzy przeciekiem w instalacji pneumatycznej a przepływem kontrolowanym przez zawór dławiący nastawialny. Przeciek sprężonego powietrza w instalacji pneumatycznej jest obliczany na podstawie pomiaru stosunku ciśnienia w dwóch przedziałach czasu – z uwzględnieniem i bez uwzględnieni przepływu kontrolowanego.
In the paper the indirect measurement method of air leakage flow rate in compressed air system was proposed. In this method the measurement equipment had branch connection to the pneumatic pipeline. The indirect measurement method consists in determining the relation between air leakage flow rate in pipeline and the controlled air flow rate through adjustable throttle valve. Compressed air leakage flow rate in pneumatic systems is calculated on the basis of pressure ratio measurements in two time intervals - during leakage with and without the controlled flow.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej; 2014, 38; 7-10
1425-5766
2353-1290
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of indirect frequency converters on operation of central leakage protection in underground coalmine networks
Wpływ pośrednich przemienników częstotliwości na pracę zabezpieczeń upływowych w dołowych sieciach kopalnianych
Autorzy:
Marek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1361289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
central leakage protection (CZU)
leakage resistance
capacitance to earth
indirect frequency converter
centralne zabezpieczenie upływowe (CZU)
rezystancja doziemna
pojemność doziemna
pośredni przemiennik częstotliwości
Opis:
This paper presents considerations for leakage protections operating in underground coalmine networks containing loads that include frequency converters. The possibility of malfunctions in leakage protections has been proven in the case of a reduction of leakage resistance in a DC circuit.
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące pracy zabezpieczeń upływowych w dołowych sieciach kopalnianych zawierających obciążenia, w których skład wchodzą przemienniki częstotliwości. Wykazano możliwość nieprawidłowego działania zabezpieczeń upływowych w przypadku wystąpienia obniżenia rezystancji doziemnej w obwodzie prądu stałego.
Źródło:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering; 2017, 55, 3; 9-14
2450-7326
2449-6421
Pojawia się w:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multiple spike stall cells in low speed axial compressor rotor blade row
Autorzy:
Taghavi-Zenouz, R
Abbasi, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
axial compressor
spike stall inception
tip leakage flow
frequency spectrum
Opis:
Inception and development of multiple stall cells of short length scales are numerically investigated in an axial compressor rotor blade row. The method of investigation is based on time accurate three-dimensional full annulus simulations. Time dependent flow structure results revealed that there are two criteria responsible for inception of a special kind of stall, introduced as spike stall in the literature. These criteria are defined as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates near to stall conditions. The numerical results revealed that once the spike stall cells appear, they cover roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and cover about 25% of the blade height. By further revolution of the blade row, the number of cells tends to increase. For the present case study, the number of stall cells increased to three after 8.5 rotor revolutions from the moment of the initial spike stall occurrence. Even at this moment, both of the above mentioned criteria for the spike stall inception have been observed within the blades passages. These events caused the inlet relative flow angle to the blade rows, and therefore the flow incidence angle and consequent blockage to the main flow, to increase. The tip leakage flow frequency spectrum has been studied through surveying instantaneous static pressure signals imposed on pressure side of the blades and also on the casing walls. These latter results showed that any further revolving of the rotor blade row, exceeding 8.5 revolutions, causes the spike stall to disturb the flow structure significantly.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2015, 53, 1; 47-57
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operation analysis of leakage protection including auxiliary current source operating as series ohmmeter systems
Analiza działania centralnych zabezpieczeń upływowych z pomocniczym źródłem prądowym pracujących w układzie omomierza szeregowego
Autorzy:
Marek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1361153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
central leakage protection (CZU)
leakage resistance
capacitance to earth
protective diode barrier
centralne zabezpieczenie upływowe (CZU)
rezystancja doziemna
pojemność doziemna
diodowa bariera ochronna
Opis:
This paper outlines issues related to the features of the leakage protections, especially the resistance of central leakage protections provided with the auxiliary current source to network interferences. It reveals susceptibility of the central leakage protections to this type of interferences (especially in the case of usage current sources of small rated currents).
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące właściwości, a w szczególności odporności centralnych zabezpieczeń upływowych z pomocniczym źródłem prądowym na zakłócenia sieciowe. Wykazano podatność centralnych zabezpieczeń upływowych na tego typu zakłócenia (szczególnie w przypadku zastosowania źródeł prądowych o małych prądach znamionowych).
Źródło:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering; 2017, 55, 2; 43-50
2450-7326
2449-6421
Pojawia się w:
Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Modified Signal Feed-Through Pulsed Flip-Flop for Low Power Applications
Autorzy:
Panahifar, E.
Hassanzadeh, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
low power
pulsed flip-flop
delay
leakage power
dynamic power
Opis:
In this paper a modified signal feed-through pulsed flip-flop has been presented for low power applications. Signal feed-through flip-flop uses a pass transistor to feed input data directly to the output. Feed through transistor and feedback signals have been modified for delay, static and dynamic power reduction. HSPICE simulation shows 22% reduction in leakage power and 8% of dynamic power. Delay has been reduced by 14% using TSMC 90nm technology parameters. The proposed pulsed flip-flop has the lowest PDP (Power Delay Product) among other pulsed flip-flops discussed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2017, 63, 3; 241-246
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Localization of fugitive methane emission from natural gas distribution network of Titas Gas
Autorzy:
Mandal, P. C.
Morshed, S. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
fugitive emission
methane release
gas leakage
leak constant
climate mitigation
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to localize the fugitive leaks from the above ground facilities of the existing system of Titas Gas (TG) after developing mathematical model for fugitive emission. Soap screening techniques and Gasurveyor 500 series instrument were used in this study for detecting potential leaks. Leaked gas was quantified using either Hi-Flow gas sampler or bagging measurements system. The results show that the respective potential gas leaking point of City Gate Station (CGS), commercial Regulating and Metering Station (RMS), industrial RMS, residential RMS and Town Bordering Station (TBS)/ District Regulating Station (DRS) are scrubber dump valve (average leak rate 217.00 L/min), insulating point (average leak rate 4.04 L/min), tube fitting connector (average leak rate 8.00 L/min), connector (average leak rate 1.55 L/min) and pressure relief valve (average leak rate 437.92 L/min). Fugitive methane emission can be reduced by stopping leaks of fittings or components having high KLeak  value.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 1; 127-131
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Survey on effective disposal of e-waste to prevent data leakage
Autorzy:
Victor, Akila
Arunkumar, Gurunathan
Rajkumar, Soundrapandiyan
Selvanambi, Ramani
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38708999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
Tematy:
e-waste
data leakage
data leakage detection
data leakage prevention
datadisposal
data destruction
data security
end of life of data
e-odpady
wyciek danych
wykrywanie wycieków danych
zapobieganie wyciekom danych
usuwanie danych
niszczenie danych
ochrona danych
koniec życia danych
Opis:
E-waste refers to electronic products that are of no use, not working properly, and either close to or at the end of their “useful life”. Companies generate large amounts of e-waste when they replace old and outdated IT hardware with new technologies. Disposing of this e-waste is not so simple, as it may contain a significant amount of intellectual property in the form of data. Timely elimination of these records and data is very crucial to secure it. E-waste cannot just be discarded due to associated data security, confidentiality, compliance and environmental risks and policies. Even after deleting data, it can still be prone to social engineering attacks by malicious individuals. Data leakage is the unauthorized transmission of data from within an organization to an external destination or recipient, and it can be transferred electronically or physically. Nowadays, protecting data is of upmost importance for organizations. However, organizations still fail at destroying confidential data from their end-of-life equipment. This article focuses on how to detect data leakage and try to find those responsible for doing so. Different Data Loss Prevention (DLP) techniques that are currently being used by many organizations are discussed and some suggestions are provided for developing more consistent DLP and overcoming the weaknesses prevalent in these techniques. Furthermore, this article discusses various algorithmic, logical, and methodological foundations and procedures followed for large-scale data disposal, determining when the life of data comes to an end.
Źródło:
Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science; 2024, 31, 2; 187-212
2299-3649
Pojawia się w:
Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detekcja małych wycieków w sieciach wodociągowych z zastosowaniem metody modelowania niepewności
Small leakage detection in water distribution systems with use of the model error modelling metod
Autorzy:
Przystałka, P.
Wyczółkowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/153681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
sieci wodociągowe
detekcja wycieków bazująca na modelu
odporna detekcja wycieków
modelowanie niepewności
urban water supply networks
model-based leakage detection
robust leakage detection
uncertainty modelling
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono badania dotyczące detekcji małych wycieków pojawiających się w sieciach wodociągowych. W celu detekcji uszkodzeń zastosowano schemat diagnozowania w oparciu o residua wygenerowane za pomocą przybliżonych modeli obiektu. Część decyzyjną realizującą ocenę wartości chwilowych residuów opracowano na podstawie metody modelowania niepewności. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdzają poprawność zastosowanego rozwiązania.
This paper considers the problem of small leakage detection in urban water supply networks. In order to detect leakage, the model-based fault diagnosis scheme was used. Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous models were applied to residual generation. A nonlinear part of the model was worked out with use of a multilayer perceptron neural network. Residual evaluation was realised basing on the model error modelling method. This method was modified to obtain a new scheme for adaptive threshold generation. In the case study reported in this paper the authors present the fault detection experiments with use of the industrial data set. The obtained results of small leakage detection in the considered water supply network confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The paper is organized as follows. The first section deals with the introduction to the study. The second one includes a description of the proposed method. In the next section there are presented the results that were obtained by the authors. Finally, the paper ends with the conclusions.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2011, R. 57, nr 11, 11; 1307-1310
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of selected polymers on concrete tightness - current state of knowledge
Autorzy:
Powała, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/105642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
Tematy:
cement
leakage
phase change material
waterproof
wyciek
materiał fazowo-zmienny
wodoodporność
Opis:
Today’s construction market of materials, contractors and building users, places new demands on individual building materials. Undoubtedly one such material is concrete, which is used in almost all construction projects as a binder for building materials. Therefore, it is necessary that this material is constantly subjected to new tests to find ways to improve its properties. Therefore, many scientists attempt to improve properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and water resistance. One method is to modify the cement matrix with polymers.
Źródło:
Acta Innovations; 2019, 32; 78-83
2300-5599
Pojawia się w:
Acta Innovations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-step etch in n-on-p type-II superlattices for surface leakage reduction in mid-wave infrared megapixel detectors
Autorzy:
Ramos, David
Delmas, Marie
Ivanov, Ruslan
Žurauskaitė, Laura
Evans, Dean
Almqvist, Susanne
Becanovic, Smilja
Hellström, Per-Erik
Costard, Eric
Höglund, Linda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
infrared detector
surface leakage
type-II superlattice
megapixel
n-on-p
Opis:
This work investigates the potential of p-type InAs/GaSb superlattice for the fabrication of full mid-wave megapixel detectors with n-on-p polarity. A significantly higher surface leakage is observed in deep-etched n-on-p photodiodes compared to p-on-n diodes. Shallowetch and two-etch-step pixel geometry are demonstrated to mitigate the surface leakage on devices down to 10 μm with n-on-p polarity. A lateral diffusion length of 16 μm is extracted from the shallow etched pixels, which indicates that cross talk could be a major problem in small pitch arrays. Therefore, the two-etch-step process is used in the fabrication of 1280 × 1024 arrays with a 7.5 μm pitch, and a potential operating temperature up to 100 K is demonstrated.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, Special Issue; art. no. e144556
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leakage Current Degradation Due to Ion Drift and Diffusion in Tantalum and Niobium Oxide Capacitors
Autorzy:
Kuparowitz, M.
Sedlakova, V.
Grmela, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
niobium oxide capacitors
tantalum capacitors
leakage current
ion diffusion
ion drift
Opis:
High temperature and high electric field applications in tantalum and niobium capacitors are limited by the mechanism of ion migration and field crystallization in a tantalum or niobium pentoxide insulating layer. The study of leakage current (DCL) variation in time as a result of increasing temperature and electric field might provide information about the physical mechanism of degradation. The experiments were performed on tantalum and niobium oxide capacitors at temperatures of about 125°C and applied voltages ranging up to rated voltages of 35 V and 16 V for tantalum and niobium oxide capacitors, respectively. Homogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies acting as positive ions within the pentoxide layer was assumed before the experiments. DCL vs. time characteristics at a fixed temperature have several phases. At the beginning of ageing the DCL increases exponentially with time. In this period ions in the insulating layer are being moved in the electric field by drift only. Due to that the concentration of ions near the cathode increases producing a positively charged region near the cathode. The electric field near the cathode increases and the potential barrier between the cathode and insulating layer decreases which results in increasing DCL. However, redistribution of positive ions in the insulator layer leads to creation of a ion concentration gradient which results in a gradual increase of the ion diffusion current in the direction opposite to the ion drift current component. The equilibrium between the two for a given temperature and electric field results in saturation of the leakage current value. DCL vs. time characteristics are described by the exponential stretched law. We found that during the initial part of ageing an exponent n = 1 applies. That corresponds to the ion drift motion only. After long-time application of the electric field at a high temperature the DCL vs. time characteristics are described by the exponential stretched law with an exponent n = 0.5. Here, the equilibrium between the ion drift and diffusion is achieved. The process of leakage current degradation is therefore partially reversible. When the external electric field is lowered, or the samples are shortened, the leakage current for a given voltage decreases with time and the DCL vs. time characteristics are described by the exponential stretched law with an exponent n = 0.5, thus the ion redistribution by diffusion becomes dominant.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2017, 24, 2; 255-264
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A transformer winding deformation detection method based on the analysis of leakage inductance changes
Autorzy:
Jiansheng, L.
Fengbo, T.
Chao, W.
Yuncai, L.
Peng, W.
Mengzhou, Z.
Miao, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
condition-based maintenance
winding deformation
leakage inductance
partial least squares regression
Opis:
The detection of transformer winding deformation caused by short-circuit current is of great significance to the realization of condition based maintenance. Considering the influence of environment and measurement errors, an online deformation detection method is proposed based on the analysis of leakage inductance changes. First, the operation expressions are derived on the basis of the equivalent circuit and the leakage inductance parameters are identified by the partial least squares regression algorithm. Second, the amount of the leakage inductance samples in a detection time window is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation thought, and then the samples in the confidence interval are obtained. Last, a criteria is built by the mean value changes of the leakage inductance samples and the winding deformation is detected. The online detection method considers the random fluctuation characteristics of the leakage inductance samples, adjust the threshold value automatically, and can quantify the change range to assess the severity. Based on the field data, the distribution of the leakage inductance samples is analyzed to obey the normal function approximately. Three deformation experiments are done by different sub-winding connections and the detection results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2015, 64, 2; 333-346
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Transformer Class E Amplifier
Autorzy:
Mikolajewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Class E amplifier
resonant inverter
DC-DC converter
transformer
leakage inductance
Opis:
In a high-efficiency Class E ZVS resonant amplifier a matching and isolation transformer can replace some or even all inductive components of the amplifier thus simplifying the circuit and reducing its cost. In the paper a theoretical analysis, a design example and its experimental verification for a transformer Class E amplifier are presented. In the experimental amplifier with a transformer as the only inductive component in the circuit high efficiency ηMAX = 0.95 was achieved for supply voltage VI = 36 V, maximum output power POMAX = 100 W and the switching frequency f = 300 kHz. Measured parameters and waveforms showed a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Moreover, the relative bandwidth of the switching frequency was only 19% to obtain output power control from 4.8 W to POMAX with efficiency not less than 0.9 in the regulation range.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2014, 63, 4; 621-633
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of constructional turbo-generator end region design on end winding inductances
Autorzy:
Freese, M.
Kulig, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
turbogenerator
zakończyć indukcyjność uzwojenia
end winding inductances
end winding leakage inductance
Opis:
The paper introduces a comprehensive investigation in end winding inductances of large two-pole turbo-generators. With the aid of an analytic-numeric approach, where Neumann's formula is applied, the influence of geometric characteristics of double-layer stator end windings with involute shape is analysed. This parameter study results in approximation formulas for the stator self and mutual inductances at stand level as well as for the common used end winding leakage inductance. In order to consider field affecting components as pressure plate, flux shield, rotor shaft and rotor retaining ring, finite elements models for two machines (250 MVA and 1150 MVA) are created and computed. The results are integrated in the developed approximation formulas. Finally the simulation results of machine 1 are compared to the data of two different measurements. All approaches introduced in this paper show good correlation. The high speed of the analytic-numeric calculation is combined with the accuracy and opportunity to consider field affecting components within the extensive finite element computation successfully.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2012, 61, 2; 199-210
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geochemical analysis and preparation the well abandonment projects on the Polana Ostre field
Autorzy:
Piotrowska, N.
Tępka, P.
Talar, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
Polana Ostre
hydrocarbons
surface geochemical survey
gas and oil leakage
liquidations
Opis:
This article covers the methodology of geochemical analysis, interpretation of results and solution that was proposed to abandon a depleted oil reservoir Polana Ostre, Poland. Polana Ostre as a reservoir was discovered in the 19th century and in 1870 the main facilities were built. Several dozens of wells were drilled and their depth varies between 60–497 m. Furthermore, on the field many hand‑drilled wells are located. Oil was produced through the 60 years with breaks. After the 2nd World War the facility was suddenly discarded due to political and economic reasons. As a result of inadequate operation, oil leakages can be observed. It causes an environmental pollution and a serious hazard. The remains were recognized and documented. A series of geochemical measurements were taken to indicate gas concentrations throughout the field. An analysis of the results showed significant concentrations of hydrocarbons in the soil. In order to mitigate the threat, a proper plug and abandonment operation of the deepest well was designed. Project executors hope to attract the attention of industry and academia to the problems depleted reservoirs that were not correctly abandoned.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2013, 30, 4; 449-458
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd metod wykrywania nieszczelności sieci gazowych
An overview of methods for detecting gas network leaks
Autorzy:
Holewa-Rataj, J.
Kukulska-Zając, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
gazociągi
sieci gazowe
wykrywanie nieszczelności
gas pipelines
gas networks
leakage detection
Opis:
Wycieki gazu ziemnego z sieci przesyłowej i dystrybucyjnej są poważnym zagrożeniem dla środowiska ze względu na emisję metanu do atmosfery. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd dostępnych i stosowanych metod wykrywania nieszczelności gazociągów. Opisano w nim metody techniczne, nietechniczne oraz obliczeniowe, szczególnie zwracając uwagę na możliwość wykorzystania tych metod podczas prowadzenia pomiarów wielkości emisji metanu.
Gas leaks from natural gas transmission and distribution networks are a serious threat to the environment due to the emission of methane into the atmosphere. This article reviews the available and used gas leak detection methods. It also describes the available technical, non-technical and calculation methods including the possible use of these methods when conducting measurements of methane emissions.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2017, 73, 11; 871-877
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland and the European Climate Policy: an Uneasy Relationship
Autorzy:
Ancygier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Ośrodek Analiz Politologicznych
Tematy:
european climate policy
renewable energy
EU ETS
climate negotiations
carbon leakage
Opis:
Over the last two decades Polish energy and climate policies underwent an evolution that was opposite to the developments in many other EU member countries. Whereas reduction of CO2 emissions and development of renewable energy sources were high on the agenda of the Polish environmental policy in the 1990s, in the 2000s the Polish government began to perceive European climate policy as a burden for the Polish economy. After the adoption of the Energy and Climate Package in 2008, the Polish government initiated a strategy of the “pre-emptive veto” that blocked further strengthening of European climate policy, which may have had a negative impact on the Polish power sector.
Na przestrzeni ostatnich dwóch dziesięcioleci polska polityka klimatyczna przeszła ewolucję w kierunku odwrotnym niż w wielu innych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Redukcja emisji dwutlenku węgla i rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii były jednymi z głównych celów polskiej polityki ochrony środowiska w latach dziewięćdziesiątych jednak w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku polski rząd zaczął postrzegać europejską politykę klimatyczną jako ciężar dla polskiej gospodarki. Po przyjęciu Europejskiego pakietu klimatyczno-energetycznego w 2008 roku polski rząd podjął strategię „weta prewencyjnego”, którego celem jest blokowanie dalszego zacieśniania europejskiej polityki klimatycznej i ochrona polskiego sektora energetycznego.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"; 2013, 7; 76-93
2084-5294
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The EU proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: an advanced tool to combat ‘carbon leakage’ , a new EU own resource of ‘moral suasion’ for third Countries?
Autorzy:
Selicato, Gianluca
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CBAM
Carbon leakage
Environmental duty
Customs law
Opis:
With the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) adopted on July 14, 2021 by the European Commission, it begins to reach the heart of the global debate on the opportunity to adopt mechanisms to combat the phenomenon of ‘carbon leakage’, that is the attempt to evade existing carbon pricing systems through the delocalization of the most polluting activities. In this way, the European Union demonstrates its serious intention to strengthen actions against climate change and to identify customs taxation as an instrument to guide the choices of its trading partners and, therefore, of the major world economies. The precautions adopted in the application of the CBAM and the long transitional period before its entry into force, however, prevent the full appreciation of its potential repercussions (also) in terms of the new own resource of the European budget.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 25-37
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An evaluation method of observable charge trap depth for the PEA method and its complementarity with the Q(t) method
Autorzy:
Ren, Hanwen
Takada, Tatsuo
Tanaka, Yasuhiro
Li, Qingmin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1848995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pulsed electroacoustic method
trap depth
current integration charge method
leakage current
Opis:
This paper proposes an evaluation method for the observable trap depth range of space charge when using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method and its complementarity with the current integration charge (Q(t)) method. Based on the measurement process of the PEA method and the hopping conduction principle of space charge, the relationship between the trap depth and the residence time of charge is analysed. A method to analyse the effect of the measurement speed and the spatial resolution of the PEA system on the observable trap depth is then proposed. Further results show when the single measurement time needs 1 s and the resolution is 10 μm at room temperature, the corresponding trap depth is larger than 0.68 eV. Meanwhile, under high temperature or with voltage applied, the depth can further increase. The combined measurement results of the PEA and Q(t) methods indicate that the former focuses on charge distribution in deep traps, which allows to calculate the distorted electric field. The latter can measure the changing process of the total charge involved in all traps, which is applicable to analysing the leakage current. Therefore, the evaluation of HVDC insulation properties based on the joint application of the two methods is more reliable.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 3; 565-580
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An evaluation method of observable charge trap depth for the PEA method and its complementarity with the Q(t) method
Autorzy:
Ren, Hanwen
Takada, Tatsuo
Tanaka, Yasuhiro
Li, Qingmin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pulsed electroacoustic method
trap depth
current integration charge method
leakage current
Opis:
This paper proposes an evaluation method for the observable trap depth range of space charge when using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method and its complementarity with the current integration charge (Q(t)) method. Based on the measurement process of the PEA method and the hopping conduction principle of space charge, the relationship between the trap depth and the residence time of charge is analysed. A method to analyse the effect of the measurement speed and the spatial resolution of the PEA system on the observable trap depth is then proposed. Further results show when the single measurement time needs 1 s and the resolution is 10 μm at room temperature, the corresponding trap depth is larger than 0.68 eV. Meanwhile, under high temperature or with voltage applied, the depth can further increase. The combined measurement results of the PEA and Q(t) methods indicate that the former focuses on charge distribution in deep traps, which allows to calculate the distorted electric field. The latter can measure the changing process of the total charge involved in all traps, which is applicable to analysing the leakage current. Therefore, the evaluation of HVDC insulation properties based on the joint application of the two methods is more reliable.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 3; 565-580
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An evaluation method of observable charge trap depth for the pea method and its complementarity with the Q(t) method
Autorzy:
Ren, Hanwen
Takada, Tatsuo
Tanaka, Yasuhiro
Li, Qingmin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849058.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pulsed electroacoustic method
trap depth
current integration charge method
leakage current
Opis:
This paper proposes an evaluation method for the observable trap depth range of space charge when using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method and its complementarity with the current integration charge (Q(t)) method. Based on the measurement process of the PEA method and the hopping conduction principle of space charge, the relationship between the trap depth and the residence time of charge is analysed. A method to analyse the effect of the measurement speed and the spatial resolution of the PEA system on the observable trap depth is then proposed. Further results show when the single measurement time needs 1 s and the resolution is 10 μm at room temperature, the corresponding trap depth is larger than 0.68 eV. Meanwhile, under high temperature or with voltage applied, the depth can further increase. The combined measurement results of the PEA and Q(t) methods indicate that the former focuses on charge distribution in deep traps, which allows to calculate the distorted electric field. The latter can measure the changing process of the total charge involved in all traps, which is applicable to analysing the leakage current. Therefore, the evaluation of HVDC insulation properties based on the joint application of the two methods is more reliable.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2021, 28, 3; 565-580
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ileal pouch anal anastomosis leak after restorative proctocolectomy without protective stoma successfully treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy
Autorzy:
Borejsza-Wysocki, Maciej
Bobkiewicz, Adam
Kościński, Tomasz
Banasiewicz, Tomasz
Krokowicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391733.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
anastomotic leakage
Endoscopic vacuum therapy
negative pressure wound therapy
restorative proctocolectomy
Opis:
Aim An ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) leak is one of the most severe complication after restorative proctocoletomy (RPC). We present a rare case of a successful management of IPAA leak after RPC without defunctionig stoma with the utility of endoscopic vacuum therapy. Methods A 57-year-old male with a ileal pouch anal anastomosis leak after RPC due to ulcerative colitis with presacral abscess was qualified for endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). The abscess of the left buttock was drained and secured with suction drain (redon drain). Due to the lack of defunctioning stoma, a system for contain and divert fecal matter was placed within afferent limb of the J-pouch and EVT was placed directly within IPAA dehiscence. EVT was changed every third day. Results The patient underwent a total of five EVT sessions. Improvement of patient’s general condition characterized with lack of pelvic pain, fever and reduction of inflammatory markers was achieved. Locally, anastomosis dehiscence was healed with prominent reduction in the defect’s dimension, contraction and revascularization. Based on imaging studies no chronic presacral sinus or any other perianal disturbances were revealed at the time of five months follow up. Conclusions EVT is a promising method for management of IPAA leak. Although, it remains extremely difficult, EVT may serve as a method of choice in early pouch-related septic complications after RPC performed without defunctioning stoma
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2020, 92, 4; 58-62
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poziom strat wody – wskaźnik oceny efektywności przedsiębiorstw wodociągowych
Autorzy:
Cichoń, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/365932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Tematy:
bilans wody
wskaźnik strat wody
wyciek
water balance
water loss rate
leakage
Opis:
Zjawisko strat wody występuje w każdym systemie zaopatrzenia w wodę. Nie da się zlikwidować strat wody, a mówienie o ich wyeliminowaniu może być tylko rozważaniem czysto teoretycznym. Z drugiej jednak strony w każdym przedsiębiorstwie wodociągowym konieczne jest podejmowanie stałych wysiłków zmierzających do zmniejszenia strat. W praktyce mówi się o ekonomicznym poziomie wycieków, czyli o redukcji strat wody do takiego poziomu, jaki jest ekonomicznie uzasadniony do osiągnięcia. Jaki jednak przyjąć wskaźnik strat wody, aby obiektywnie ocenić przedsiębiorstwo wodociągowe?
Źródło:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne; 2017, 3; 20-22
1734-6681
Pojawia się w:
Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odnawialność wód podziemnych szczelinowo-krasowego zbiornika Lubliniec-Myszków w świetle badań modelowych
Groundwater recharge of karst-fractured major aquifer Lubliniec-Myszków by means of mathematical modelling
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, A.
Rubin, K.
Treichel, W.
Wróbel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
przesączanie
odnawialność
bilans
model matematyczny
leakage
groundwater balance
groundwater reneval
mathematical model
Opis:
Główny zbiornik wód podziemnych (GZWP) 327 Lubliniec-Myszków jest zlokalizowany w obszarze monokliny śląsko-krakowskiej i zajmuje powierzchnię około 2100 km2. Kompleks wodonośny jest zbudowany z dolomitów, wapieni i margli triasu, a jego miąższość wynosi od 10 do 250 m. Na przeważającej części obszaru kompleks wodonośny jest przykryty serią utworów słabo przepuszczalnych triasu górnego i jury dolnej. Aktualna eksploatacja wód podziemnych z kompleksu wodonośnego serii węglanowej triasu wynosi około 48 mln m3/rok. W celu oceny odnawialności wód podziemnych zbiornika triasowego zbudowano model numeryczny systemu wodonośnego za pomocą programu z pakietu Modflow. Wykonano symulacje przepływu wód dla warunków ustalonych. W wyniku tych badań określono bilans krążenia wód w systemie wodonośnym. Ustalono, że odnawialność wód zbiornika triasowego wynosi 39 mm/rok (1,2 dm3/skm2). Głównym źródłem zasilania jest przesączanie się wód z poziomów przypowierzchniowych poprzez utwory słabo przepuszczalne; wynosi ono 25 mm/rok. Intensywność tego przesączania jest zróżnicowana w obszarze zbiornika i zmienia się od wartości poniżej 9 do 69 mm/rok.
The Lubliniec-Myszków aquifer is situated in Cracow-Silesia monocline within an area of ca. 2100 km2. The water-bearing complex is composed of dolomites, limestones and marls of Triassic age with a total thickness of about 10-250 m. Throughout most of the area this is overlain by Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic formations with a very low permeability. The total amount of water withdrawn from the aquifer is actually about 48 millions m3 per year. In order to recognize main sources of groundwater recharge of the Triassic aquifer a mathematical model of the system was developed using the Modflow computer code. In the model a steady-state groundwater flow was simulated to refine the water balance of the system. The water budget shows that the total renowable groundwater resources of the Triassic aquifer are equal to 39 mm per year (1.2 dm3/skm2). The main source of total renewal is induced leakage of water from shallow aquifer through semipermeable deposits of Upper Triassic formation and it is equal to 25 mm per year. However, this leakage is inhomogeneous over the aquifer and varies from less to 9 mm per year up to 69 mm per year.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego; 2002, 404; 51-66
0867-6143
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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