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Tytuł:
Studies of plasma and craters produced by the interaction of high-energy sub-nanosecond laser with silver target
Autorzy:
Woryna, E.
Badziak, J.
Parys, P.
Suchańska, R.
Wołowski, J.
Krása, J.
Láska, L.
Pfeifer, M.
Rohlena, K.
Ullschmied, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ion beam
laser
laser-induced crater
plasma
Opis:
The results of measurements of microablation from a silver target irradiated by the high-power PALS laser system in Prague are presented. In this experiment the laser beam of energy of about 110 J in a 400 ps pulse was focused perpendicularly to the massive silver target. The target surface position was changed with respect to the focal spot of the laser beam in the range from -2.5 to 2.5 mm. A set of four ion collectors was used for plasma ion emission measurements. The effect of the laser pulse interaction with the target, i.e. craters and damages formed in the vicinity of the craters, were investigated with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy methods. The characteristics of the crater were compared with the essential parameters of ion streams emitted from the plasma produced in the same laser shot.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 4; 147-150
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental and theoretical investigations of crater formation in an aluminium target in a PALS experiment
Autorzy:
Borodziuk, S.
Doskach, I.
Gus'kov, S.
Jungwirth, K.
Kálal, M.
Kasperczuk, A.
Kralikova, B.
Krousky, E.
Limpouch, J.
Masek, K.
Pfeifer, M.
Pisarczyk, P.
Pisarczyk, T.
Rohlena, K.
Rozanov, V.
Skala, J.
Ullschmied, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser-produced plasma
crater
absorption of laser radiation
resonance mechanism
inverse bremsstrahlung
interferometry
fast electrons
Opis:
Experimental and theoretical results of investigations of the iodine laser - Al solid target interactions on the PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System) facility are presented. The experimental investigations of laser interaction with massive Al targets devoted to shock wave propagation in solids and crater formation physics are presented. Experiments were performed with the use of high intensity laser pulses (1013 15 W/cm2) for two laser wavelengths (0.438 mi m and 1.315 mi m) and four laser beam radii (from 35 mi m up to 600 ěm). The crater dimensions were measured using optical microscopy and a wax-replica technique. Plasma expansion out of the target was measured via three-frame interferometry. Theoretical model of the postpulse crater formation by the shock wave propagating and decaying in solids after the end of the laser pulse is presented and applied for the explanation of the results obtained in experiments.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 1; 7-14
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser-induced ablation: physics and diagnostics of ion emission
Autorzy:
Torrisi, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser-generating plasma
Boltzmann distribution
time-of-flight
Opis:
Pulsed lasers generating beams of different intensities may be used to produce ablation of solid targets placed in high vacuum and to generate pulsed plasma and ion acceleration. The plasma is in a non-equilibrium condition and in the first instant the particles being generated are subject to thermal interactions, to a supersonic gas expansion in vacuum and to a Coulomb acceleration due to the high electric field developed along the normal to the target surface. The ion diagnostics, based on time-of-flight technique, allow us to measure the mean ion energy, the total number of ions, as well as the ion energy and charge state distributions. The ion energy distributions may be described by the Coulomb- -Boltzmann-Shifted (CBS) function, which after fitting to the experimental data may be used to determine the equivalent ion temperature and the accelerating voltage. Given the equivalent acceleration voltage and the plasma Debye length, it is possible to estimate the magnitude of the electric field developed in the plasma. Measurements of the ablation yield, plasma dimension and optical spectroscopy allow us to calculate the atomic and electronic plasma density and to evaluate the coronal plasma temperature. Some applications of the laser-induced ablation consist in the realization of laser ion sources (LIS), generation of multi-energetic ion beams by using a post-accelerating voltage, use of ultra-intense fs lasers to accelerate ions to energies of the order of tens MeV/nucleon. Other special applications include the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of thin films, the laser ablation coupled to mass quadrupole spectrometry (LAMQS) probes, ablation of biological tissues, and generation of plasma for astrophysical and nuclear investigations.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 113-117
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laserowe i plazmowe cięcie blach ze stali niestopowych i kwasoodpornych
Thermal methods of shaping from sheets of inox and coal steels
Autorzy:
Zaborski, S.
Stechnij, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/270023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
cięcie laserowe
cięcie plazmowe
chropowatość
przemiana fazowa
przemiana strukturalna
laser cutting
plasma cutting
roughness
phase transition
structural transformation
Opis:
W referacie porównano, możliwe do uzyskania w warunkach przemysłowych, parametry jakości ciętych powierzchni, wyznaczonych na krawędziach typowych konstrukcyjnych materiałów metalowych. Celem działań eksperymentalnych było udzielenie pragmatycznej odpowiedzi na pytanie o wynikowe chropowatości powierzchni podczas cięcia laserowego i plazmowego dla identycznych elementów wykonanych ze stali niestopowej S235JRG2 oraz austenitycznej nierdzewnej 0H18N9. Zaprezentowano wyniki wielowariantowych prób przecinania metodami skoncentrowanej wiązki energii (plazma, laser), pokazując różnorodne możliwości kształtowania geometrii powierzchni obrabianych elementów. Publikacja ma charakter prezentacji praktycznego doświadczenia przemysłowego i formułuje utylitarne wnioski.
The report compares possible to the obtainment, in industrial conditions, parameters of the surfaces quality, on edges in typical constructional materials of metal industry. Allowing the pragmatic answer on the question, about the roughness of the surface, while laser and plasma cutting. Details executed from coal steel S235JRG2 and stainless steel 0H18N9. Showing the varied possibilities of formation the geometry of the surface. The publication has the character of the practical industrial experience and formulates utilitarian conclusions.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Maszyn; 2011, R. 16, z. 4; 109-116
1426-708X
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Maszyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ponderomotive self-focusing of a short laser pulse under a plasma density ramp
Autorzy:
Kant, N.
Saralch, S.
Singh, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
self-focusing
underdense plasma
plasma density ramp
ponderomotive force
short laser pulse
Gaussian beam
Opis:
The ponderomotive self-focusing of a short laser pulse in an underdense plasma under a plasma density ramp is analyzed. The pulse may acquire a minimum spot size due to the ponderomotive self-focusing. Beyond the focus, the nonlinear refraction starts weakening, and the spot size of the laser pulse increases, resulting in an oscillatory self-focusing and defocusing behavior of the beam with the propagation distance. In order to minimize the defocusing, we introduce a localized upward plasma density ramp. Due to the upward plasma density ramp, the laser beam retains a minimum spot size. Self-focusing becomes stronger with a mild ripple as the propagation distance increases. The conditions for the ponderomotive self-focusing for suitable parameters of the laser beam and the plasma are determined. The plasma density ramp of the considered type may be observed in gas jet plasma experiments.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 149-153
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Post-acceleration of ions from the laser-generated plasma
Autorzy:
Giuffrida, L.
Torrisi, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser ablation
laser-plasma
post-acceleration
ion implantation
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis
Opis:
An application of the laser-generated plasma for multi-energetic ion implantation is reported. In an experiment performed at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) of Catania, Italy the Nd:YAG laser was used, operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with the intensity of 1010 W/cm2. A laser pulse of 9 ns duration and 300 mJ energy was employed to ablate a solid target placed in a high vacuum. The free ion expansion occurred in a constant potential chamber placed at 30 kV positive voltage with respect to the ground, which allowed to extract ions with energy proportional to the charge state. In an another experiment, performed at the PALS Prague laser facility (1315 nm, 400 ps pulse width and the laser pulse energy delivered on target equal to about 35 J) Ti ions were obtained through the ablation of solid targets in vacuum by means of 1015 W/cm2 laser pulses. In both cases ion energy analyzers were used to measure the energy-to-charge ratio of the ions. The ion energy distribution was determined from the time-of-flight measurements. The depth profiles measured through Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis are in good agreement with the ion energy analyzer spectroscopy measurements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 161-163
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on fast electron transport in the context of fast ignition
Autorzy:
Batani, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
inertial confinement fusion (ICF)
fast ignition (FI)
fast electrons
ultra-high-intensity lasers
relativistic laser-plasma interaction
Opis:
This paper deals with the problem of fast electron propagation in plasmas, in the context of the fast ignition (FI) approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In FI, a short-pulse high-intensity laser beam should generate a beam of relativistic electrons, which propagate into the compressed pellet, depositing energy and igniting the fuel. The study of electron propagation in dense matter is hence essential to the success of this scheme. The propagation of relativistic electrons in dense matter is determined by collisions of fast electrons with ions and electrons in the material, which can be described in terms of stopping power, but it also depends on self-generated magnetic and electric fields, which play a major, or even dominant role. In this paper we will show the importance of such collective effects by discussing several experimental examples.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 99-106
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Właściwości tribologiczne powłok na bazie żelaza otrzymanych różnymi metodami technologicznymi
The tribological properties of ferrous based coatings formed using different technological methods
Autorzy:
Feldshtein, E.
Kardapolova, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/189880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
natryskiwanie plazmowe
stopowanie laserowe
powłoki na bazie żelaza
współczynnik tarcia
zużycie
plasma spraying
laser alloying
ferrous-based coatings
friction coefficient
wear
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ powłok na bazie żelaza o różnym składzie chemicznym, nanoszonych różnymi metodami technologicznymi oraz warunków tarcia na właściwości tribologiczne pary trącej, tj. współczynnik tarcia i intensywność zużycia elementów węzła tarcia. Materiałem, na który nakładano powłokę, była stal C45, grubość powłok znajdowała się w zakresie 0,5-0,7 mm.
Plasma-sprayed coatings on the base self-fluxing alloys were investigated. Clean ferrous-based alloy P-Cr16Fe5B4Si4 was used as well as the same with the addition of TaB, MoB, and B4C powders. Fire and laser washing were used to form coatings. The thickness measurements of coatings after processing were from 0.5–0.7 mm, on the base material of steel C45. The metallographic analysis indicated that coating structure depends on the chemical composition of the powder as well as the coating technology. When using an Amsler friction-wear machine, it was determined that when dry technical friction increasingly spreads of torque of friction are observed after some minutes of work, and when oil friction torque are very stable. Additional MoB laser alloying of the coating on a base of P-Cr4Mn2B4Si2V1 powder guarantees a minimal value of the mean friction coefficient. However, the minimal value of the momentary friction coefficient was registered for the coating with additional B4C laser alloying. During dry technical friction, using a coating on a base of P-Cr4Mn2B4Si2V1 powder with additional MoB or B4C laser alloying guarantees a multiple decrease in wear intensity. The presence of oil decreases the influence of material and technology of coating on wear intensity, the difference of values is no more then 20%.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2011, 3; 31-42
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of the propagation of intense laser pulses in gas for laser plasma acceleration
Autorzy:
Giulietti, D.
Cecchetti, C. A.
Drenska, N. V.
Faccini, N.
Gatti, C.
Gatti, G.
Giulietti, A.
Gizzi, L.
Labate, L.
Levato, T.
Martellotti, S.
Pathak, N.
Valente, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
intense laser pulses
ultra-short laser pulse
laser plasma
plasma acceleration
Opis:
The role of the propagation mechanisms of intense and ultra-short laser pulses in gas is presented, as well as the first results of the laser plasma acceleration (LPA) tests at Frascati National Laboratories (INFN), in the frame of NTA-PLASMONX project.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 221-225
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of unconventional methods of cutting on microstructure, topography and microhardness changes in steel
Wpływ niekonwencjonalnych metod cięcia na zmiany mikrostruktury i właściwości stali węglowej
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska-Madej, B.
Richert, M.
Sak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
plasma arc cutting
laser cuting
structure changes
microhardness changes
head affected zone
cięcie łukiem plazmowym
cięcie laserowe
zmiany struktury
mikrotwardość
strefa wpływu ciepła
Opis:
The carbon steel for ąuenching and tempering has been cut with two different techniques, plasma arc and laser. The influence of these two unconventional methods of cutting on the changes of microstructure and properties has been studied in this paper. The structure changes after cutting were investigated by means of both light and scanning electron microscopy, additionally microhardness in the heat affected zone was measured. The performed investigations show that both methods of cutting have a strong influence on the structure and properties of investigated steels. Characteristic structure of cut area was a bainitic structure. The amount of bainite structure decreased with increased distance from the edge of the cutting sample. The plasma arc cutting influences the structure changes morę than laser beam. The bainitic structure after this method of cutting was observed to a depth of near 130 micrometers (laser), whereas after plasma arc - average 400 micrometers. Measured microhardness at the edge after cutting by both methods was about 28OHvO.l what makes up 130% increase comparing to materiał beyond the heat affected zone.
Stal węglową do ulepszania cieplnego wycięto dwiema metodami: lukiem plazmowym i laserem. W artykule przedstawiono porównawcze wyniki badania mikrostruktury i mikrotwardości w strefie wpływu ciepła po cięciu stali tymi dwiema metodami. Cechą charakterystyczną było wystąpienie struktury bainitycznej w strefie wpływu cięcia. W przypadku cięcia laserem struktura bainitu obserwowana była do głębokości około 130 (Jm, z kolei po cięciu łukiem plazmowym strefa wpływu sięgała aż do głębokości 400 nm. Zmierzona mikrotwardość przy krawędzi po cięciu zarówno łukiem plazmowym, jak i laserem wynosiła około 280 Hv0,l, co w porównaniu z materiałem poza strefą wpływu stanowi wzrost o ponad 130%.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2012, 38, 2; 109-115
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser ablated carbon plume : experiment and modelling
Autorzy:
Moscicki, T.
Hoffman, J.
Szymanski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser ablation
plasma plume
Opis:
Laser ablation of graphite is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Plasma temperature and electron density in the early phase of expansion into vacuum are measured as a function of distance from the target. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical simulations. The simulation of ablation shows that plasma plume considerably affects the ablation rate.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 283-286
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser nuclear fusion: current status, challenges and prospect
Autorzy:
Badziak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201663.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
laser
plasma
inertial fusion
laser acceleration
Opis:
In 2009, in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, National Ignition Facility (NIF) - the largest thermonuclear fusion device ever made was launched. Its main part is a multi-beam laser whose energy in nanosecond pulse exceeds 1MJ (106 J). Its task is to compress DT fuel to the density over a few thousand times higher than that of solid-state DT and heat it to 100 millions of K degrees. In this case, the process of fuel compression and heating is realized in an indirect way - laser radiation (in UV range) is converted in the so-called hohlraum (1 cm cylinder with a spherical DT pellet inside) into very intense soft X radiation symmetrically illuminating DT pellet. For the first time ever, the fusion device's energetic parameters are sufficient for the achieving the ignition and self-sustained burn of thermonuclear fuel on a scale allowing for the generation of energy far bigger than that delivered to the fuel. The main purpose of the current experimental campaign on NIF is bringing about, within the next two-three years, a controlled thermonuclear 'big bang' in which the fusion energy will exceed the energy delivered by the laser at least ten times. The expected 'big bang' would be the culmination of fifty years of international efforts aiming at demonstrating both physical and technical feasibility of generating, in a controlled way, the energy from nuclear fusion in inertial confined plasma and would pave the way for practical realization of the laser-driven thermonuclear reactor. This paper briefly reviews the basic current concepts of laser fusion and main problems and challenges facing the research community dealing with this field. In particular, the conventional, central hot spot ignition approach to laser fusion is discussed together with the more recent ones - fast ignition, shock ignition and impact ignition fusion. The research projects directed towards building an experimental laser-driven thermonuclear reactor are presented as well.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 4; 729-738
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview of the application of laser - based techniques in plasma - wall interaction research program at IFPiLM
Autorzy:
Kubkowska, M.
Gąsior, P.
Czarnecka, A.
Rosiński, M.
Wołowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma-wall interaction
plasma spectroscopy
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the progress in the application of the laser-based techniques which has been achieved in the research in the field of plasma-wall interaction (PWI) at the Division of Laser-Produced Plasmas (DLPP), Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM, Warsaw, Poland) since 2005. The evolution of the experimental set-up which started in a simple configuration for the laser ablative co-deposit removal is presented with stress on the milestones which led to subsequent modifications, namely installation of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), fast HR (high resolution) CCDs, pulsed fiber-laser and the common triggering system.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 163-166
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Post acceleration of ions emitted from laser and spark - generated plasmas
Autorzy:
Torrisi, L.
Cavallaro, S.
Rosiński, M.
Nassisi, V.
Paperny, V.
Romanov, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
post ion acceleration
laser plasma
ion beam
ion implantation
Opis:
Pulsed lasers at intensities of the order of 1010 W/cm2 interacting with solid matter in vacuum, produce hot plasmas at high temperatures and densities. The charge state distributions of the plasma generate a high electric field, which induces high ion acceleration along the normal to the target surface. The high yield of the emitted ions can generate a near constant current by using repetitive pulses irradiating thick targets. In order to increase ion energy, a post-acceleration system can be employed by using acceleration voltages above 10 kV. Special ion extraction methods can be employed to generate the final ion beam, which is multi-ionic and multi-energetic, due to the presence of different ion species and of different charge states. In this article four different methods of post ion acceleration, employed at the INFN-LNS of Catania, at the IPPLM of Warsaw, at the INFN of Lecce and at the LPI of Moscow, are presented, discussed and compared. All methods are able to implant ions in different substrates at different depth and at different dose-rates.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 3; 323-332
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proton emission from laser - generated plasmas at different intensities
Autorzy:
Torrisi, L.
Cutroneo, M.
Cavallaro, S.
Giuffrida, L.
Margarone, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser-generated plasma
proton acceleration
Opis:
Proton acceleration from laser-generated plasma is carried out at intensities ranging between 1010 and 1019 W/cm2, by using ns, ps and fs laser systems. The high energy density transferred from the pulsed laser beam into the solid target generates ionized species released in vacuum from the solid surface. Fast electrons followed by slower ions build up a double-layer and a consequent electric field, which is responsible for the ion acceleration mainly along the target-normal. Polymeric targets containing nanostructures (or metallic species) with high laser absorbing capacity, and metallic hydrates (or H-enriched metals), permit to increase the plasma temperature and density, thus to improve the proton beam energy and current. Thick targets and low laser intensities, operating in repetitive pulse, allows to generate high currents of low energy protons. On the other hand, through the use of thin targets and high laser intensities enabled the generation of high proton energies, above 1 MeV.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 237-240
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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