Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "language teacher education" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Unveiling the relationship between language learning beliefs, emotions, and identities
Autorzy:
Ferreira Barcelos, Ana Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780547.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
emotions
identities
beliefs
language teacher education
language learning
Opis:
Several authors (Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Van Veen & Lasky, 2006) suggest that emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Authors in social psychology (Fiedler & Bless, 2000; Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Rosiek, 2003) have considered how beliefs are particularly sensitive to affective influences and how emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Understanding this relationship would help researchers to reveal complex key issues in beliefs research, such as the relationship between beliefs and action. Yet, although research on beliefs in applied linguistics goes back to the 70s and 80s, there has been scant connection with emotions and identities. This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and identities by looking at these coconstructing, overlapping concepts to advance our understanding of language learning and teaching. Through a review of studies on beliefs, emotions, and identities within applied linguistics and other areas, I illustrate how beliefs and emotions are intrinsically and interactively related, and how beliefs within a socio-historical context influence the construction of identities. Identities influence the kinds of emotions and beliefs that individuals attribute to themselves and to others. Emotions, in turn, can influence identities and how we construct them. Implications for research on beliefs, emotions, and identities are suggested.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 2; 301-325
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of in-service training for language teachers in the domain of language competence
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/919704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
second language teacher education
language competence
teacher training
in-service second language teachers
Opis:
Foreign language teachers’ language competence is one of the key factors contributingto the success of instruction as it ensures the provision of a good model of the target language,enables teachers to address the problems learners encounter, and makes teaching more creative. For this reason, improving this facet of a teacher’s expertise is indispensible in in-service teacher training, either in the form of stand-alone courses or modules incorporated into more comprehensive teacher education programs. The main aim of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of language teachers’ proficiency in the language they teach, describe its dimensions, presentthe possible goals of in-service teacher education in this area, and discuss issues involved inconducting and organizing training of this kind.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2011, 38, 1; 21-30
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konzeptionelle Erweiterungen im reflexiven Handeln im Modus des forschenden Lernens. Einblicke in die transformativen Lernprozesse am Beispiel des Seminars Unterrichtsforschung für DaF
Conceptual Developments in Reflexive Action through Research-Based Learning: Insights into Transformative Learning Processes in the Seminar ‘Classroom Research for Teachers of German as a Foreign Language’
Autorzy:
Lazovic, Milica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
second language teacher education
research-based learning
practical research
Opis:
This article analyses transformative processes, initiated through research-based learning, in the context of the seminar ‘Classroom Research for Prospective Teachers of German as a Second Language’. Starting from a theoretical insight into the relevance and dynamics of research-based learning, several aspects are considered from an ethnomethodological perspective: on the one hand, self-awareness and transformative self-reflexivity in the research-based learning process and, on the other, transformative processes, identified in student presentations and project work.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 157-170
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interdyscyplinarna specyfika kształcenia nauczycieli języ-ków obcych (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pedeutologii i glottodydaktyki)
The interdisciplinary nature of foreign language teacher education (with particular emphasis on the pedeutology and glottodidactics)
Autorzy:
Peć, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
foreign language teacher education
glottodidactics
pedeutology
interdisciplinarity
kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych
glottodydaktyka
pedeutologia
interdyscyplinarność
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to present the interdisciplinary nature of foreign language teacher education both from a theoretical and empirical perspective – including findings from a research study which was conducted at the Institute of German Studies at the University of Warsaw. The article shows the diversity of approaches to teacher education and defines glottodidactics as the basic disciplines of foreign language teacher education, exposing the influence of these disciplines on each other. The article presents a sample interdisciplinary teacher training program and, based on the results of the au-thor’s own research, the opinions of students on this subject.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2020, 55/1; 27-49
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STUDIA FILOLOGICZNE, PRZYGOTOWANIE DO ZAWODU NAUCZYCIELA A WYZWANIA CODZIENNOŚCI
Foreign language programs, teacher preparation and everyday challenges
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
foreign language teacher education
teacher knowledge base
language policy
standards for teacher education
kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych
wiedza nauczyciela
polityka językowa
standardy kształcenia nauczycieli
Opis:
Becoming a foreign language teacher involves meeting a range of requirements which have mainly been specified in the Decree of the Minister for Science and Higher Education issued on January 17th, 2012, concerning the standards that have to be complied with in teacher education. Education of this kind is still most frequently offered in the course of BA or MA programs in foreign languages, with the crucial caveat that, primarily as a result of decreasing demand for foreign language teachers, this component has been eliminated in many institutions of higher education or students are required to pay for an additional module providing such training. It is assumed that on completion of a BA or MA program as well as obtaining credits for the required courses focusing on pedagogy, a student will have the requisite qualifications to teach a particular foreign language at appropriate educational levels. This implies that, by this time, he or she should have acquired the necessary knowledge, skills and competences, both in the foreign language and in psychological and pedagogical issues, which can ensure effective teaching and learning. The paper aims to subject such assumptions to critical scrutiny, demonstrate that they blatantly fail to take into account the real situation in Polish education, as well as offer some tentative proposals that could enhance the quality of foreign language teacher training in our country.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2015, 44/2; 155-169
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ROLA NAUCZYCIELA – MITY I SLOGANY A RZECZYWISTOŚĆ
The Role of the Language Teacher – Myths and Reality
Autorzy:
Komorowska, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
foreign language teaching
foreign language teacher education
language policy
nauczanie języków obcych
kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych
polityka językowa
Opis:
The article presents an overview of the situation in language teaching and teacher education in Poland. An attempt has been made to evaluate the developments of the last 25 years in the Polish educational landscape in the field of language teaching, protection and promotion of minority and regional languages, pre- and in-service teacher education.Special attention has been given to expectations vis-à-vis the teaching profession in Poland and abroad, challenges arising in teacher training institutions, difficulties teachers encounter in their everyday functioning as well as their training needs. Controversial issues arising from inconclusive research results have also been identified. In the final part of the text ideas are provided for quantitative and qualitative research and its role in pre- and in-service teacher education.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2015, 45/2; 143-155
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Błędy językowe w pracach pisemnych przyszłych lektorów języka polskiego jako obcego
Language errors in texts written by prospective teachers of Polish as a foreign language
Autorzy:
Dembowska-Wosik, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
language error
Polish as a foreign language teacher education
language competence
błąd językowy
kształcenie lektorów jpjo
kompetencja językowa
Opis:
Autorka analizuje błędy językowe w pracach studentów specjalizacji glottodydaktycznej studiujących na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim. Przedstawia klasyfikację błędów z podziałem na wewnątrz- i zewnątrzjęzykowe oraz podaje liczne przykłady. Ilustrują one niepokojące zjawisko niedostatecznej kompetencji przyszłych lektorów JPJO w rodzimym języku, zarówno wśród studentów filologii polskiej (pierwszego i drugiego stopnia), jak i filologii obcych oraz ukazują pilną potrzebę podjęcia działań mających na celu przeciwdziałanie temu zjawisku.
The author analyses language errors found in texts written by the University of Lodz students preparing to work as teachers of Polish as a foreign language. She presents a classification of these errors and numerous examples. They illustrate the alarming phenomenon that the future teachers of Polish as a foreign language do not possess sufficient competence in their own native language (which is true for both students of Polish philology at the B.A. and M.A. level and foreign philologies). Therefore, there exists an urgent need to take action against this worrying tendency.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców; 2015, 22
0860-6587
2449-6839
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świadomość własnego procesu uczenia się języków obcych przyczynkiem do innowacyjnych działań dydaktycznych. W stronę dydaktyki wielojęzyczności w początkowym kształceniu nauczycieli
Self-awareness of foreign language learning process as a precondition for innovative teaching. Towards multilingual didactics in the initial teachers’ training
Autorzy:
Kucharczyk, Radosław
Szymankiewicz, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
multilingual didactics, initial foreign language teacher education, self-awareness, innovation
dydaktyka wielojęzyczności, wstępne kształcenie nauczycieli języka obcego, samoświadomość, innowacja
Opis:
The aim of this article is to reflect on the initial training of teachers in line with the assumptions of multilingual didactics. A definition of plu-rilingual competence is given at the beginning of this article. We then discuss briefly about the main assumptions of plurilingual teaching. The next part of the article deals with the philosophy of educating future foreign language teachers in philological studies, which should be largely based on reflection. The article concludes with the analysis of data obtained from students participating in teacher education classes. The aim of the study was to diagnose whether the self-awareness of potential subjects, as given to them by the multilingual competence, could contribute to innovative teaching.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2018, 51/1; 89-108
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign language trainee teachers’ concerns and preparedness to implement inclusive instructional practices with learners with special educational needs: training induced changes
Autorzy:
Nijakowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16464220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
Tematy:
special educational needs
foreign language teacher education
inclusive teaching practices
teacher concerns
teacher preparedness
kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych
włączające praktyki w nauczaniu
przygotowanie nauczycieli
obawy nauczycieli
specjalne potrzeby edukacyjne
Opis:
The study was conducted in a group of second year university students – pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The aim of the study was to investigate how the trainee teachers’ participation in a compulsory SEN-dedicated course delivered online impacted their self-reported concerns and preparedness to implement inclusive teaching practices with foreign language (FL) learners with special educational needs (SEN). A semester-long course was designed and conducted as part of emergency remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected online via before and after course questionnaires. Principal component analysis of the preparedness and concerns scales led to a two-factor (F1 – self-efficacy beliefs and knowledge and F2 – attitudes) and a single factor solution (concerns) respectively. The pre- (N=113) and post-course (N=86) online survey responses were compared with regard to all the factors. The analysis showed that the participants’ post-course attitudes were more positive than at the beginning of the course, but the difference was not statistically significant. We observed a statistically significant increase in the trainee teachers’ post-course self-efficacy beliefs and knowledge of inclusion and SEN, with a large effect size. This change was paired with a statistically significant increase in their post-course concerns, with medium effect size for the change. A series of one-way MANOVAs showed that the effect of demographic variables (gender, teaching experience other than during practicum, experience with learners with SEN) on all factors across the two datasets was not statistically significant.
Źródło:
Neofilolog; 2022, 58/2; 161-178
1429-2173
Pojawia się w:
Neofilolog
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych jako interdyscyplinarny przedmiot poznania naukowego. Refleksja metaglottodydaktyczna na temat relacji między glottodydaktyką a pedagogiką
Foreign language teacher education as an interdisciplinary object of study. Meta-glottodidactic reflection on the relationship between glottodidactics and pedagogy
Autorzy:
Orchowska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/463292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Lingwistyki Stosowanej
Tematy:
meta-glottodidactic reflection
interdisciplinary character of glottodidactics
pedagogy
foreign language teacher education
consolidation of knowledge interdisciplinary dialogue
refleksja metaglottodydaktyczna interdyscyplinarność glottodydaktyki pedagogika
kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych
konsolidacja wiedzy naukowej
dialog interdyscyplinarny
Opis:
The aim of the present article is meta-glottodidactic reflection on the choices Polish teaching specialists make when defining and interpreting the interdisciplinary nature of a glottodidactic object of study. The author focuses on the interdisciplinary character of the relationship between glottodidactics and pedagogy as related sciences in foreign language teacher education discourse. What follows is an analysis of the effects that Polish scholars’ epistemological choices may have on the consolidation of knowledge within the Polish glottodidactic community. The author also stresses the influence those choices might have on the mutual understanding between specialists representing glottodidactics (both as theory and practice of foreign language education) and pedagogy.
Źródło:
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik; 2017, 23; 181-195
2080-4814
Pojawia się w:
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teacher language awareness or language teacher awareness?
Autorzy:
Komorowska, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15015407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
awareness
consciousness
language learning
language teaching
teacher education
Opis:
The paper outlines the development of the concept of awareness across various academic disciplines and examines terminological problems involved in analysing human cognition. Approaches to awareness in philosophy, developmental psychology, neuroscience and linguistics are discussed, as well as the career of the concept in Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching (SLA / FLT). Learners’ and teachers’ language awareness is presented as a basis for the enrichment of the awareness concept by a number of psychological, sociological and pedagogical factors. Special attention is given to neglected aspects of teacher awareness, such as awareness of learners’ thinking processes and teachers’ awareness of classroom decision-making. Implications are sought for pre-service teacher education.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2022, 49, 1; 125-140
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign language education in rural schools: Struggles and initiatives among generalist teachers teaching English in Mexico
Autorzy:
Izquierdo, Jesús
Aquino Zúñiga, Silvia Patricia
García Martínez, Verónica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
language policy
language planning
English as a foreign language
rural education
teacher education
Opis:
In many countries, English as a foreign/second language (L2) teaching has become compulsory in urban and rural public schools. In rural areas, the challenges for the implementation of this state-sanctioned policy have been explored among L2 teaching specialists. However, this mixed-methods study considered a different teacher group and examined the struggles and initiatives of generalist teachers who are obligated to teach English in rural schools. To this end, data were collected from 115 teachers in 17 rural secondary schools in the Southeast of Mexico. First, the participants completed a survey with closed-ended questions that elicited information about teacher education, teaching experience and knowledge of the rural school system. Then, a subsample of participants completed an individual thematized semi-structured interview. They were selected on the basis of L2 teacher education involvement. In the survey data, response patterns were identified using frequency analyses. The interview data were analyzed using categorical aggregation. The data revealed that the generalist teachers struggle with L2 professionalization, sociocultural and instructional challenges. Nonetheless, only few participants have been engaged in L2 teacher education which could help them overcome these challenges. Instead, they rely upon limited strategies to counteract the day-to-day challenges at the expense of effective L2 teaching practices.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2021, 11, 1; 133-156
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The human approaches in technical education
Autorzy:
Gluchmanová, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
humanity
education
technology
student
language
teacher
e-learning
Opis:
The power of technical education lies in the teacher's ability to stimulate the learning environment which then provides students with a  concrete reason to take an interest in their community and in larger social issues.Science and technology education which upholds the ideal of preparing students to be active participants within a civil society inevitably must equip the students to think critically about the norms and notions of what is nice, normal and natural. Human development and the role of value in technical education is dependent upon education policy. Smany times during recent decades. A%er 1989, our society has seen a lot igni$cant changes in the conception of Slovak education have emerged of major changes in many spheres of social life, including education. &ese changes are partly associated with the new tasks imposed on the school by society and with the specialization within schools. &e importance of the science and language teacher's personality and values and his impact as a $gure of identi$cation for the students was once more heavily emphasized. &e language teacher is responsible for the students' moral development as well as for their social and intellectual development. Important changes in the society, of which the school is a part, have necessitated a rethinking of the school's moral responsibilities. &e growing number of children living in unstable family situations without su(cient contact with parents has created a growing need among students for caring and close social relations. Children need close social relations with adults who can help them in their work and learning. &e special attention is being paid to the concepts such as authority, freedom, responsibility, integrity, etc. At the present stage of society's development, we are facing an apparent changes in the value orientation, potentially having an impact on all spheres of life.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2014, 3(15); 67-72
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dilemmas in language teaching and teacher education
Autorzy:
Komorowska, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/914678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
language education
foreign language teaching
pre-service teacher education
language teachers’ dilemmas
quality in education
barriers
enabling institutions.
Opis:
The article analyses disappointing data concerning the status of the teaching profession and teachers’ self-perceptions revealed in recent TALIS, EURYDICE and EUROSTAT reports. Reasons for teachers’ difficulties are then analysed vis-à-vis criteria for the evaluation of quality in education. Emphasis is given to decision-making processes and the type of dilemmas encountered by teacher trainers working in the academic context and foreign language teachers employed in school systems of EU member states. Implications for educational policies of the future are sought and an attempt is made to examine the role of enabling institutions such as the Council of Europe and the European Centre for Modern Languages in Graz.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2016, 43, 1; 81-95
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współczesne formy promocji czytelnictwa wśród dzieci i młodzieży w internecie jako inspiracja dla nauczyciela polonisty
Autorzy:
Marzec-Jóźwicka, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
reading, popularizing reading, viral campaigns, reading actions, Polish teacher, Polish language education
czytelnictwo, popularyzacja czytelnictwa, akcje viralowe, kampanie czytelnicze, edukacja polonistyczna
Opis:
This article deals with the issue of the promotion of reading on the Internet. The examples of nationwide, school and class campaigns and actions, blogs, vlogs and Facebook pages – organized by reading enthusiasts, teachers, librarians and parents – are presented here, showing, on the one hand, that the Internet contributes greatly to the promotion of reading among children and youth; on the other – to inspire teachers to use this medium in the process of Polish language education.
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia promocji czytelnictwa w Internecie. Przedstawione w nim przykłady kampanii i akcji ogólnopolskich, szkolnych oraz klasowych, blogów, vlogów i stron na Facebooku, organizowanych przez entuzjastów czytania, nauczycieli, bibliotekarzy czy rodziców, mają za zadanie z jednej strony wykazać, że Internet w ogromnym stopniu przyczynia się do popularyzowania czytelnictwa wśród dzieci i młodzieży, z drugiej zaś zainspirować nauczycieli do wykorzystywania tego medium w procesie edukacji polonistycznej.
Źródło:
Folia Bibliologica; 2018, 60
2449-8246
1230-2376
Pojawia się w:
Folia Bibliologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies