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    Tytuł:
    Dynamic Fatigue Tests Of Landing Gears
    Autorzy:
    Skorupka, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105139.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    fatigue
    landing gears
    laboratory tests
    dynamic testing
    Opis:
    Landing gears are one of the main components of an aircraft. The landing gear is used not only during take-off and landing but also, in most cases, during ground manoeuvres. Due to its function, the landing gear is also one of the key safety components of the aircraft due to dissipating landing loads acting on the aircraft. The mentioned loads come from both the vertical and horizontal speeds during touchdown and by the aircraft’s losing the speed by braking. The landing gear is then loaded with constantly changing forces acting in various directions during every landing, with the only difference coming from their magnitude. The repeatable loading conditions cause significant wear of the landing gear. This wear can be divided into two categories, one is the wear of consumable parts such as the brake linings and the other is the fatigue wear of the structural components. The latter type of wear is much more dangerous due to its slow, and in many cases, unnoticeable progression. Fatigue wear can be estimated by numerical analyses - this method works with a great degree of probability on single components but due to the complexity of the landing gear as a whole it is not precise enough to be applied to the full structure. In order to evaluate the fatigue of the whole landing gear the best method accepted by regulations is the laboratory testing method. It involves a series of various drop tests resembling the real landing condition distribution. The aim of the tests is to check the fatigue wear of the landing gear and to prove its reliability for certification and/or operational purposes. In this paper the author describes the basics of the landing gear fatigue wear, possibilities of its evaluation and presents laboratory dynamic method used for extensive tests in life-like operation conditions.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2020, 12; 69--77
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lift Force Measurement in Landing Gears Dynamic Tests
    Autorzy:
    Skorupka, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105196.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    fatigue
    Landing Gears
    laboratory tests
    dynamic testing
    lift force measurement
    Opis:
    As one of the key components of the aircraft in terms of both operation and safety landing gears are of special interest of the aviation regulations. During the touch down landing gears need to dissipate as much of the energy as possible maintaining the lowest volume and weight as required by the aviation design restrictions. According to the aviation regulations landing gears have to be tested in order to prove the dissipation of the calculated landing energy and to evaluate actual loads acting on the fuselage via the mounting nodes of the landing gears. The tests need to replicate the real landing conditions as closely as possible - including the lift force (or lift) acting on the aircraft during landing. The lift force during landing is not sufficient to maintain the aircraft in flight but acts as the relief force to the aircraft weight resulting in lowering loads applied to the fuselage and decreasing landing energy needed to be dissipated. The lift force or lift has to be taken into account during laboratory tests of landing gears. The lift force needs to be simulated in all of the landing gears dynamic tests: performance optimization, proof of the operation for the certification, and the fatigue evaluation. There are two main methods of applying the lift during the tests: equivalent/effective mass or direct lift application. The latter is used at the Landing Gear Laboratory of the Lukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation (where author works on daily basis). The lift is applied by the pneumatic cylinders built in the test stand. Until recently the control of the lift force value was performed indirectly by the measurement of the pressure inside the pneumatic system. Recently the experimental direct measurement system using force transducers was introduced in order to directly measure the lift force during every test. In the presented paper, the author gives an overview of the lift force measurement system including its design and the results of the preliminary use evaluation.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2021, 13; 8--16
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency and Fatigue/Endurance Laboratory Tests of Aviation Friction Brakes
    Autorzy:
    Skorupka, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201174.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    fatigue
    endurance
    brakes
    friction material
    landing gears
    laboratory tests
    dynamic testing
    Opis:
    Brakes are one of the most important safety systems in moving vehicles and machines. In vehicles such as cars or motorcycles brakes are used for stopping, controlling speed, and sometimes changing direction of travel. In aircraft, the main function of brakes is to reduce landing speed. As landing is one of the most dangerous maneuvers in aircraft operation, brakes must be efficient and reliable in order to ensure safety of the crew, passengers, and cargo. The most efficient brakes nowadays are friction brakes where velocity is controlled by friction of a pair of specially designed materials, which ensure stable and high friction coefficient over the course of the required braking process. The process itself is the dissipation of energy during aircraft movement which generates very high temperatures in friction materials during the time of the braking process. The materials and the whole brakes have to be temperature resistant, and we must ensure braking parameters are stable during the whole process. The same principle relates to the endurance/fatigue of the brake assemblies which must be durable enough to survive as high number of braking cycles as possible without any failure, which can result in fatal consequences. Every friction pair and every newly designed brake assembly must be laboratory tested for efficiency and endurance/fatigue in order to be used in an aircraft or vehicle. In this paper, we present the basic set of laboratory tests in the scope of friction materials and brake assemblies. Results of the tests are used as confirmations/proofs of proper and safe operation of the brakes for use in vehicles, especially in aircraft but also in land-based vehicles.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2022, 14; 104--113
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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