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Wyszukujesz frazę "lab-chip" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Analizatory DNA/PCR typu lab-chip z detekcją fluorymetryczną
Lab-on-a-chip DNA/PCR analyzers with fluorometric detection
Autorzy:
Walczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/154783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
real-time PCR
lab-chip
fluorescencja
fluorescence
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono przegląd analizatorów DNA wykorzystujących technikę real-time PCR i lab-chipy. Zaprezentowano opis opracowanej metodologii i instrumentarium do detekcji fluorescencji z wykorzystaniem miniaturowych komponentów optoelektronicznych i "inteligentnego" oprogramowania analizującego. Przedstawiono dwa przykłady miniaturowych analizatorów real-time PCR/DNA opracowanych w ramach projektów europejskich i krajowych wykorzystujących lab-chipy i nowatorską metodę detekcji fluorymetrycznej.
The paper presents a novel miniaturized optical instrumentation for fluorescence excitation and detection for miniaturized real-time PCR analyzers using lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. Application of miniaturized semiconductor laser to fluorescence excitation, CCD-minicamera as fluorescence photodetector and specialized software for optical signal conditioning led to development of low-cost and highly sensitive optical instrumentation. To carry out full characterization of the optical instrumentation, miniaturized thermocycler co-working with LOC was built. The optical instrumentation was tested with three LOC made of different materials and technologies, giving proper detection of fluorescence signals during real-time PCR. Finally, two miniaturized devices for real-time PCR detection and identification of DNA and utilizing described here novel optical instrumentation were briefly described. The scheme and technical realization of the novel instrumentation in laboratory version is shown in Fig. 4. The detection limit of DNA was about 0,1 ng/ml (Fig. 5). It was also found that the optical instrumentation co-works with different constructions of lab-on-a-chips for DNA real-time PCR amplification (Fig. 6). The developed optical instrumentation was successfully applied to two miniaturized devices for DNA detection and identification by real-time PCR. Technical realizations of the devices and views of the lab-on-a-chips are shown in Figs. 7 and 9. In both cases, proper detection of fluorescence signals generated during real-time PCR of Campylobacter j. DNA (Fig. 8) or complementary DNA (Fig. 10) were observed. It confirmed high sensitivity of the developed optical instrumentation.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 7, 7; 805-808
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards microfluidics for mycology – material and technological studies on LOCs as new tools ensuring investigation of microscopic fungi and soil organisms
Autorzy:
Podwin, Agnieszka
Janisz, Tymon
Patejuk, Katarzyna
Szyszka, Piotr
Walczak, Rafał
Dziuban, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microfluidics
lab-chip
biomaterials
cell cultivation
mycology
mikrofluidyka
laboratorium chipowe
biomateriały
hodowla komórek
mikologia
Opis:
This paper presents material and technological studies on lab-on-chip (LOC) devices as a first step towards biocompatible and reliable research on microscopic fungi and soil organisms on a microscale. This approach is intended to respond to the growing need for environmental control and protection, by means of modern, miniaturized, portable and dependable microfluidics instrumentation. The authors have presented herein long-term, successful cultivation of different fungi representatives (with emphasis put on Cladosporium macrocarpum) in specially fabricated all-glass LOCs. Notable differences were noted in the development of these creatures on polymer, polydimethylosiloxane (PDMS) cultivation substrates, revealing the uncommon morphological character of the fungi mycelium. The utility of all-glass LOCs was verified for other fungi representatives as well –  Fusarium culmorum and Pencilium expansum, showing technical correspondence and biocompatibility of the devices. On that basis, other future applications of the solution are possible, covering, e.g. investigation of additional, environmentally relevant fungi species. Further development of the LOC instrumentation is also taken into consideration, which could be used for cultivation of other soil organisms and study of their mutual relationships within the integrated microfluidic device.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; art. no. e136212
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards microfluidics for mycology – material and technological studies on LOCs as new tools ensuring investigation of microscopic fungi and soil organisms
Autorzy:
Podwin, Agnieszka
Janisz, Tymon
Patejuk, Katarzyna
Szyszka, Piotr
Walczak, Rafał
Dziuban, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microfluidics
lab-chip
biomaterials
cell cultivation
mycology
mikrofluidyka
laboratorium chipowe
biomateriały
hodowla komórek
mikologia
Opis:
This paper presents material and technological studies on lab-on-chip (LOC) devices as a first step towards biocompatible and reliable research on microscopic fungi and soil organisms on a microscale. This approach is intended to respond to the growing need for environmental control and protection, by means of modern, miniaturized, portable and dependable microfluidics instrumentation. The authors have presented herein long-term, successful cultivation of different fungi representatives (with emphasis put on Cladosporium macrocarpum) in specially fabricated all-glass LOCs. Notable differences were noted in the development of these creatures on polymer, polydimethylosiloxane (PDMS) cultivation substrates, revealing the uncommon morphological character of the fungi mycelium. The utility of all-glass LOCs was verified for other fungi representatives as well –  Fusarium culmorum and Pencilium expansum, showing technical correspondence and biocompatibility of the devices. On that basis, other future applications of the solution are possible, covering, e.g. investigation of additional, environmentally relevant fungi species. Further development of the LOC instrumentation is also taken into consideration, which could be used for cultivation of other soil organisms and study of their mutual relationships within the integrated microfluidic device.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; e136212, 1--9
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fabrykacja mikroaparatów metodą bezpośredniego grawerowania laserowego DLP
Manufacture of microsystems by direct laser engraving DLP
Autorzy:
Szafran, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2072349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
grawerowanie laserowe
DLP
mikroukłady
mikroaparaty
lab-on-a-chip
laser engraving, DLP
microsystems, microengineering lab-on- a-chip
LOC
Opis:
W pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki badań doświadczalnych nad aplikacją metody bezpośredniego grawerowania laserowego w procesie wytwarzania mikroukładów tab on a chip. Badano wpływ mocy wiązki lasera, szybkości przesuwu głowicy oraz rozdzielczości grawerowania, na jakość uzyskanych struktur. Dzięki wykorzystaniu techniki DLP możliwe jest skrócenie czasu wytwarzania mikroukładu z kilkudziesięciu godzin do kilkunastu minut oraz obniżenie kosztów projektowania i fabrykacji układów LOC.
Results of experimental investigations of the application of direct laser prototyping method (DLP) in the process of manufacturing lab-on-a-chip systems are presented in the paper. The effects of laser beam power, speed of laser head and engraving resolution on the quality of resulting structures were analyzed. Thanks to the use of DLP technique, it is possible to shorten the manufacturing time of microsystems from dozens of hours to a few minutes and to reduce costs of system design and fabrication.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2013, 5; 475--476
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie zjawiska powierzchniowej fali akustycznej w aplikacjach systemów mikroprzepływowych – przegląd rozwiązań
Applications of microfluidic system based on surface acoustic wave phenomenon – overeview
Autorzy:
Nowek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych
Tematy:
akustyczna fala powierzchniowa
przetwornik międzypalczasty
akustoforeza
mikroprzepływy
lab-on-a-chip
surface acoustic wave
interdigital transducer
acoustophoresis
micro flow cytometer
lab-on-chip
Opis:
W artykule dokonano przeglądu najbardziej interesujących rozwiązań z zakresu systemów mikroprzepływowychwykorzystujących zjawisko akustycznych fal powierzchniowych (AFP). Przemieszczanie obiektów o skali wielkości porównywalnej z rozmiarami komórek, oddzielenie ich z próbek o złożonym składzie oraz kontrola ich położenia w obszarze mikrosystemu są ważnym elementem metodyki badawczej w zakresie biomedycznych badań podstawowych. Jest to obecnie bardzo dynamicznie rozwijająca się dziedzina, która jest szczególnie cenna w aspekcie aplikacji w systemach Lab on Chip, gdzie możliwość nieinwazyjnego manipulowania obiektem badań jest szczególnie pożądana. Zastosowania, które są obecnie przedmiotem badań obejmują zagadnienia z zakresu segregowania cząstek z zawiesiny w cieczy, ich oddzielania oraz manipulowania pojedynczymi cząstkami w obszarze mikrokanału.
In this paper the most interesting solutions in the field of microfluidic systems using surface acoustic waves (SAW) are reviewed. Moving objects, of a size scale comparable to the size of cells, their separation from the samples having a complex composition and control of their position in the area of a microchannel, constitute an important element of the methodology of biomedical basic research. Nowadays it has become a rapidly growing branch of science, which is particularly attractive in terms of its applicability to Lab on Chip systems, in the case of which the non-invasive manipulation of the studied object is a key issue. The applications that are currently examined include problems related to the separation of particles from a suspension in a liquid and the manipulation of individual particles in the area of a microchannel.
Źródło:
Materiały Elektroniczne; 2013, T. 41, nr 4, 4; 27-33
0209-0058
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Elektroniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cell detection and tracking in lab-on-a-chip devices by image processing
Autorzy:
Lizanets, D.
Walczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
image processing
lab-on-a-chip
computer vision
bioanalysis
Opis:
This paper is devoted to the usage of image processing techniques in lab-on-a-chip devices for a cell detection and tracking. Advantages and disadvantages of image processing in data acquisition from lab-on-a-chip are described. A modified multiparametric object tracking method is presented. The method was tested on the lab-on-a-chip setup with living euglena and has shown plausible results for video with a low frame rate.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2018, 48, 1; 15-24
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heater dedicated for Lab-on-a-chip systems
Autorzy:
Maciejewska, K.
Jastrzebska, E.
Dybko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
heater
microsystem
Lab-on-a-chip
PTC
grzejnik
mikrosystem
Opis:
The authors report a new construction of a heater, which can be applied in Lab-on-a-chip systems. The heater was fabricated on a ceramic plate as a solid support. A commercially available paste DuPont 5091D with positive temperature coefficient (PTC) was used as a resistive material. Next, metallic conductors were created using gold sputtering in argon enhanced plasma environment. Finally, the gold layers were bonded with connection wires. The developed heater can be integrated with microsystems dedicated for bioanalysis, enzymatic reactions and cell cultures.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2014, 5, 2; 15-18
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lab-on-a-chip fluorescence detection with image sensor and software-based image conditioning
Autorzy:
Walczak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fluorescence
microfluidics
lab-on-a-chip
point-of-care
Opis:
The fluorometric detection in lab-on-a-chip devices for life-sciences is one of the main detection methods. Well know from “large-scale” analytical chemistry methodologies and instrumentation has been applied in lab-on-a-chip solutions. In most cases, optical instrumentation for fluorescence induction and detection is based on configuration and components borrowed from large laboratory instruments. As a result, optical instrumentation surrounding lab-on-a-chip is bulky, expensive and dedicated for operation only inside laboratory. In this paper a discussion on fluorescence detection in lab-on-a-chip is carried out. A novel image sensor – based detection instrumentation co-working with a “clever” software is described. Instrumentation is dedicated for operation in portable and low-cost devices for different life-science applications. Examples of applications of the novel method and instrumentation co-working with various lab-on-a-chips are presented on the base of author’s works.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2011, 59, 2; 157-165
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field-emission light sources for lab-on-a-chip microdevices
Autorzy:
Górecka-Drzazga, A.
Cichy, B.
Szczepańska, P.
Walczak, R.
Dziuban, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lab-on-a-chip
field emission
light source
microcytometer
Opis:
Microfluidic devices called lab-on-a-chips utilize two kinds of characterization of a biosample, which are based on spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methodologies. Lab-on-a-chips are equipped with an optical instrumentation and a software system that allow detecting of the optical signals and their processing into spectral characteristics. In the paper, technology of lab-on-a-chip (cytometer microdevice) and miniature silicon-glass field-emission light source (FELS) is described. Electrons emitted from a silicon cathode covered with carbon nanotubes excite light emission from nanocrystalline rare earth doped yttrium oxide phosphor (anode). The emitted light can be precisely tailored to the main absorption line of a fluorescent marker. The presented system has been successfully used for testing of the cow embryos as well as fluorescent-marked porcine oocytes.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 1; 13-17
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lab-on-a-chip microdevice with contactless conductivity detector
Autorzy:
Blaszczyk, K.
Chudy, M.
Brzozka, Z.
Dybko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lab-on-a-chip
poly(dimethylsiloxane)
contactless conductivity
pseudoelectrodes
microfluidic
Opis:
This paper describes a new contactless conductivity detector, whose electrodes are constructed of microchannels filled with solution of KCl - called pseudoelectrodes. The lab-on-a-chip microdevice was fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS, using a moulding technique. The mould was made from a dry negative photoresist with a thickness of 50 µm. During the tests, the dimension and arrangement of pseudoelectrodes' microchannels were evaluated. The analyte was pumped into the microchannel using a syringe pump with a flow rate of 50 µL/min. Reproducible changes of the signal were obtained.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 2; 299-306
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-dimensional model of fluid flow and distribution of nutrient concentration in a microfluidic device
Autorzy:
Wroniszewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
microfluidic device
lab-on-a-chip
advection-diffusion equation
Taylor dispersion
Opis:
During the past few years, the process of miniaturisation in the field of biochemical laboratory equipment led to the introduction of the so-called "lab-on-a-chip" microdevices, which combine separate functional units into a complex, multifunctional apparatus. Fluid dynamics plays an essential role in the development of such equipment, since frequently the major part of chemical analysis is based on soluble analytes. In this work, we consider a device for the analysis of cell growth under different conditions. In this device, dozens of cell spots absorb the nutrient (analyte) from the liquid medium. The concentration of the analyte must be strictly controlled to maintain a specific microenvironment. A two-dimensional model for the flow field and the distribution of concentration of the analyte is developed taking into account the geometrical shape of the spot with a simplified absorption model. The dependence of the results on the controlling parameters is investigated in order to determine the influence of the presence of the cell spot on the distribution of the analyte.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2011, 15, 2; 135-155
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metodyka projektowania mikroaparatów lab-on-a-chip do badań przepływów w naczyniach włosowatych guzów nowotworowych
Method of designing lab-on-a-chip microsystems for testing the flow in tumor capillaries
Autorzy:
Szafran, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2072335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
lab-on-a-chip
angiogeneza
mikroprzepływy
mikrosystemy
LOC
angiogenesis
microflow
microsystems
Opis:
Praca prezentuje nowy sposób projektowania mikrourządzeń lab on a chip (LOC) do zastosowań w biotechnologii i medycynie. Umożliwia on odwzorowanie dowolnie wybranej struktury naczyniowej, niezależnie od narządu, nowotworu, czy nawet organizmu. W ramach badań opracowano projekt i metodę fabrykacji mikrosystemu symulującego sieć naczyń włosowatych powstających podczas angiogenezy nowotworowej. Opracowano pełną metodykę fabrykacji i łączenia elementów urządzenia.
The paper presents a new method for the designing of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) microdevices for biotechnology and medicine applications. It makes possible to reproduce the vascular structure, regardless of the organ, tumor or even the body. Methods for designing and fabrication of microsystems for microflow investigations in the network of capillary vessels of cancer tumor were developed. The complete methodology for fabrication and joining of the system is presented.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2013, 5; 477--478
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inkjet 3D printing – towards new micromachining tool for MEMS fabrication
Autorzy:
Walczak, R,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
inkjet 3D printing
MEMS
micromachining
lab-on-a-chip
mikroobróbka
druk atramentowy
Opis:
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to transform science and technology by creating bespoke, low-cost appliances that previously required dedicated facilities in order to be made. An attractive and promising research field comes in the form of using 3D printing to create MEMS, including microfluidic structures. In this paper, a discussion on applicability of inkjet 3D printing (i3Dp) for MEMS fabrication is presented on the base of works carried out by a team led by the author.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 2; 179-186
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Lab-on-a-chip’ for cell engineering: towards cellular models mimicking in vivo
Autorzy:
Ziółkowska, K.
Chudy, M.
Dybko, A.
Brzózka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
Lab-on-a-chip
microfluidic tools
cancer
cell culture
Multicellular Tumor Spheroid (MCTS)
Opis:
One of the main scopes of modern cell engineering is development of cellular models that can replace animals in drug screening and toxicological tests, so called alternative methods. Construction of the alternative model is a very challenging task due to a richness of factors creating the in vivo environment. The monolayer cell culture — cultivation of adhesive cells on artificial surfaces such as glass or polymer — lack most of the in vivo-like interactions, but still is the only tool for the majority of applications. One of the most prospective approaches on mimicking in vivo environment is “Lab-on-a-chip” technology. Microfluidic devices offer lots of advantages over traditional in vitro culture, e.g. much higher cell volume-to-extracellular fluid volume ratio or possibility of regulation of hydrodynamic stress. This presentation aims to introduce latest advances of our team in microfluidic cell culture devices. Our novel approach is to cultivate three dimensional multicellular aggregates (spheroids) in microenvironments arranged in a microfluidic system. The geometry and materials of the system allow for cultivation, observation and analysis of multicellular spheroids. The results presented concern multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) rising from human cancer cells, which are considered to represent most of the conditionings of cancer tumor in vivo. The fully developed MCTS microdevice will be a reliable tool for anticancer drug screening, as the results most likely will be in a close accordance with the results obtained in vivo.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2011, 2, 1; 79-82
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novel designs and technologies for cell engineering
Autorzy:
Ziółkowska, K.
Chudy, M.
Dybko, A.
Brzózka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
lab-on-a-chip
multicellular tumor spheroid
cancer
in vitro cell culture
cell engineering
Opis:
Microfluidic devices, such as lab-on-a-chip systems, are highly advantageous for cell engineering and cell based assays. It is a particularly useful approach for development of the in vitro cellular systems mimicking the in vivo environment. In this paper, a novel lab-on-a-chip device for three-dimensional human cell culture and anticancer drug testing is presented. Cells were cultured as Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS) — the best cancer tumor model developed so far. Diff erent designs were tested and novel technique of microfabrication in poly(dimethylsiloxane) was developed. MCTS were cultured in a system of polymeric microwells, with the network of microfluidic channels for culture medium flow. Design included optimal shear stress and proper nutrients supply for cultured cells. Final design provided MCTS culture for four weeks with the homeostasis-like state achievement, which is characteristic for the in vivo situation.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2011, 2, 4; 54-60
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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