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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Klasyfikacja surowca wybranych gatunków według norm polskich i Unii Europejskiej
    Classification of wood of selected tree species according to the Polish and the EU standards
    Autorzy:
    Michalec, K.
    Wąsik, K.
    Barszcz, A.
    Groń, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    surowce drzewne
    drewno bukowe
    drewno debowe
    drewno jodlowe
    drewno swierkowe
    wady drewna
    jakosc drewna
    klasyfikacja drewna
    normy unijne
    normy polskie
    raw wood
    wood defects
    wood value
    softwood
    hardwood
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the quality and the value of beech, oak, fir and spruce wood classified according to the Polish and the EU standards. The research was carried out in Lesko and Baligród forest districts (south−eastern Poland). The measurements of the investigated raw wood were taken at the upper landings. With regard to fir, spruce and beech 50 specimens per species were measured, while in the case of oak only 25 pieces were examined. Each specimen was classified in respect of its quality and size according to the Polish standards (PN) and the European Union (PN−EN) standards. Then, the results of both classifications were compared in terms of the share of volumes of particular wood quality classes, the impact of wood defects on the raw wood classification results, and the value of wood determined by the means of both standards. With regard to the beech wood, the share of the poorest class D upon applying PN−EN was smaller than that for PN norms. This decrease was in favour of other classes, due to which the value of the entire beech wood increased by ca. 16%, when classified with the use of the EU standards. The oak wood revealed a slight increase in the share of wood volume in the class C and a decrease in the class D of PN−EN when compared with the Polish norms. The value of the oak wood classified with the use of the EU standards was merely by 2.3% higher than that of the Polish norms. With regard to the softwood (fir and spruce), a decrease in the share of wood of the class C in PN−EN was recorded, which was in favour of the classes B and D. The value of raw wood classified by means of the EU standards was lower for both of the coniferous species. The decrease for fir accounted for 13.3%, while for spruce it was only 1.5%. For the evaluation of the softwood, Polish classification was more profitable, whereas for hardwood the EU standards were more favourable.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 459-465
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    OWADY NISZCZĄCE ZABYTKI DREWNIANE
    INSECTS DAMAGING WOODEN HISTORICAL HERITAGE IN POLAND
    Autorzy:
    Krajewski, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538329.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    ksylofagi
    entomofauna leśna
    szkodniki drewna
    miazgowce
    spuszczel pospolity
    Jan Dominik
    klasyfikacja owadów
    Opis:
    Due to the environmental conditions, dimension and significance of the damage caused by assorted species of insects feeding on wood in Poland the author proposed a division into six groups. Species included into groups IV, V and VI are shown in Photographs. Group I encompasses insects damaging dry timber : Hylotrupes bajulus L., Anobium punctatum De Geer, Ptilinius pectinicornis L., Lyctus sp. and rare species from the Oligomerus sp. genus. The second group is composed of two species which require moist timber, partially disintegrated by fungi, for the initial development of the larvae, which in time become so resilient to the decline of moisture that they are capable of feeding on timber that does not provide conditions for the development of fungi. The species in question are: Xestobium rufovillosum De Geer and the locally occurring Xestobium austiacum Reitt. The third group, less significant in contrast to its predecessors, is composed of insects damaging exclusively moisture-laden and fungi-ridden wood: Anobium pertinax L., Priobium carpini Hrbst., Nacerdes melanura L., Corymbia rubra L., Ergates faber L., Stereocorynes truncorum Germ., Cossonus parallelepipedus Herbst., Pselactus spadix Herbst. and Chalkophora mariana L. which rarely cause damage to formed timber. Insects in groups IV, V and VI are even less significant as pests attacking historical monuments. The fourth group includes those insects which damage wooden constructions and timber kept in storage or wooden raw material (Arhopalus rusticus L., Asemus striatum L. and certain species from the Siricidae family). The fifth group comprises insects inhabiting barked timber used in constructions: Callidium viloaceum L. and Ernobius mollis L. The sixth group is composed of insects which hollow formed timber in order to obtain nesting places. These insects, which are neither xylophagous nor use fungi developing on timber, include such species as: Dermesters sp., Lasius sp. and Camponotus sp. The author additionally indicated the possibility of damage incurred by certain species of wasps (Vespidae) to the surface of wood shielded with special protective-decorative substances. The article discusses assorted possibilities of protective prophylaxis and methods of combating various groups of insects.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2003, 1-2; 202-209
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strategie redukcji szkód pozyskaniowo−zrywkowych – standaryzacja i klasyfikacja szkód glebowych
    Strategies concerning the reduction of damage caused by harvesting and extraction of timber – standardisation and classification of soil damage
    Autorzy:
    Gil, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    szkody w lesie
    standaryzacja
    zrywka drewna
    klasyfikacja
    uszkodzenia gleby
    lesnictwo
    identyfikacja
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    horse skidding
    tractor extraction
    soil damage
    soil disturbance
    damage standards
    Opis:
    The paper provides information about the tendencies towards the number of horses and tractors used in Poland, the definition of the term damage in the context of forest utilisation, main soil damage categories resulting from timber extraction in the forest environment. The paper also discusses the methods for the assessment of the extent of soil disturbances, methods for identification of soil damage and gives the examples of soil damage standards and classifications used on the North American Continent (USA, Canada).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 05; 76-85
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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