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Tytuł:
Polacy w Brygadach Międzynarodowych podczas hiszpańskiej wojny domowej (1936–1939). Kilka uwag o stanie badań i postulatach badawczych
Poles in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). A Few Remarks on the State of Research and Prospects for Further Study
Autorzy:
Ciechanowski, Jan Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/436403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Spain, Spanish Civil War, International Brigades, Poles, propaganda, historiography
Hiszpania, hiszpańska wojna domowa, Brygady Międzynarodowe, Polacy, propaganda, historiografia
Opis:
This article examines the Poles who served in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. It presents the various difficulties of researching and analysing this subject. One of such difficulties is to identify who was a Pole, as in this category were included: citizens of the Second Republic of Poland of Polish nationality, its citizens of non-Polish nationality, as well as foreigners of Polish origin. In spite of these distinctions, they were divided into two groups: a communist elite and normal soldiers, controlled by a system of severe discipline. The article also suggests the necessity to create a biographical dictionary of more than 4,500 members of the International Brigades considered Polish. Other topics that need to be analysedin an adequate, scientific manner are: the papers of Polish brigadiers from different fronts of the Iberian war, the recruitment to the Brigades, the illegal transfer of some of them from Poland to Spain, the process of “producing” Polish communists, the statistical count of the Brigades (casualties included), as well as the post-war stories of those who survived. In addition, the article gives an overview of the state of the historiography on this subject.
This article examines the Poles who served in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. It presents the various difficulties of researching and analysing this subject. One of such difficulties is to identify who was a Pole, as in this category were included: citizens of the Second Republic of Poland of Polish nationality, its citizens of non-Polish nationality, as well as foreigners of Polish origin. In spite of these distinctions, they were divided into two groups: a communist elite and normal soldiers, controlled by a system of severe discipline. The article also suggests the necessity to create a biographical dictionary of more than 4,500 members of the International Brigades considered Polish. Other topics that need to be analysed in an adequate, scientific manner are: the papers of Polish brigadiers from different fronts of theIberian war, the recruitment to the Brigades, the illegal transfer of some of them from Poland to Spain, the process of “producing” Polish communists, the statistical count of the Brigades (casualties included), as well as the post-war stories of those who survived. In addition, the article gives an overview of the state of the historiography on this subject.
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2020, 10; 72-83
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial Mobility from the Perspective of the Incomplete Migration Concept
Autorzy:
Okólski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
internal and international migration in post-war Poland
workers' commuting
mobility transition
incomplete migration
under-urbanisation
Opis:
The article is devoted to the analysis of factors that influenced internal migration in Poland after the Second World War and revealing the links of internal migration with incomplete migration, a new form of international mobility of people that was characteristic of the declining stage of communist reign in Poland. It also systematises the existing knowledge about migration within and beyond Poland.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review; 2012, 1, 1; 11-35
2300-1682
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Reluctant Warrior: the Challenge to Instilling Law of War Values in Today’s Professional Warrior
Autorzy:
Chadwick, Austin, W.
D, McKelvy, Shawn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
US military law
US military history
international law of war
war crimes
amerykańskie prawo wojenne
historia militarna Stanów Zjednocoznych
międzynarodowe prawo wojny
zbrodnie wojenne
Opis:
George C. Marshall, famed U.S. World War II general and eventual U.S. Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner, on his first assignment fresh out of military school, told a fellow officer: Once an army is involved in war, there is a beast in every fighting man which begins tugging at its chains. And a good officer must learn early on how to keep the beast under control, both in his men and himself Even for nations possessing a reputation for stringent compliance with the law of war, the annals of history, to include more contemporary military engagements, are littered with cases of atrocities committed by soldiers. All too often the beast wins, and because every nation has an obligation to minimize the reality described above, nations must continue to dedicate time, thought and resources to best prepare their forces for future military operations. Unrestrained warfare has a direct negative military impact on both winning the war and winning the peace. This corollary remains as true today as it has ever been. What is meant by a ‘reluctant warrior’? Put simply, a reluctant warrior is one who while ready to employ lethal force when the situation demands, is not eager to do so in “the moment”. He answers the questions: “Can I, If I, Should I”, and then takes decisive action – or employs uncommon restraint – with a goal of accomplishing the mission all the while staying true to the value imbedded in the U.S. Marines’ Hymn, “to keep our honor clean”. To fully develop the ‘reluctant warrior’ needed on today’s and tomorrow’s battlefields, this article will look at the role of legal regulation and the practice of military education and training, as well as some of the other factors that influence behavior and decisionmaking during instances of armed conflict. This article will also comment on the costs to the individual soldier and to the mission when a nation fails to prepare ‘reluctant warriors’.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 82; 29-52
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Aspects of Creating a Special International Tribunal for the Crime of Russian Aggression against Ukraine
Autorzy:
Koruts, Uliana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
war
aggression
tribunal
court
criminals
international justice
international organizations
Opis:
The article examines the concept and legal aspects of creating a special international tribunal regarding the crime of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Although this research topic first emerged after the events of 2014 related to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, scientific interest in the study of this problem increased after the criminal full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of the sovereign state of Ukraine. The author considers the evolution of creation of select military tribunals, the specifics of their activities, and the established practice of prosecuting the crimes of aggression. Additionally, the analysis focuses on statements regarding the idea of creating a special international tribunal for the Russian Federation for crimes of aggression against Ukraine. It is substantiated that the highest form of international justice in the modern world is a tribunal, as it provides for a public and inevitable punishment and it acts as one of the elements guaranteeing the inviolability of the international legal order at the same time. The creation of a special tribunal for the Russian Federation will be the impetus for new approaches to expand the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court so that it can prosecute acts of aggression, and Ukraine will serve as an example for responding to aggression. The author determined, the establishment of an international tribunal for the first time is a complex process because it is often necessary to find new and completely original solutions to many legal and practical problems facing the tribunal. Moreover, the sum total of these decisions should provide the basis for a reasonable and universally applicable jurisdiction for future generations, at the same time allowing the tribunal to take into account the social, cultural and historical context of the conflict in question and to reflect this context to some extent in its decisions and practice.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 5; 11-17
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Response of the International Community to the Genocide in Rwanda and the War in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Maksymiuk, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40253301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
genocide
international organizations
Rwanda
war
Ukraine
Opis:
The present thesis aims to describe the response of the international community to the genocide in Rwanda, and to assess current actions in the context of the war in Ukraine. It defines what genocide is, how it happened in Rwanda, and what proves that the incidents in Ukraine can be referred to as genocide.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, Special Issue; 119-132
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the war in Ukraine on changing Russia-Austria relations
Autorzy:
Skrabacz, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Russia
war
Ukraine
international relations
Austria
Opis:
Objectives: The article considers the changes that occurred in bilateral relations between Russia and Austria in the period before and after the start of the military invasion of Ukraine in February 2014. Austria, as the subject of the study, was chosen because of its peculiarities as a perpetually neutral country and state - member of the European Union. The country to shape its bilateral relations with Russia in a particular way, which has changed since the beginning of military operations in Ukraine. Methods: The analysis and synthesis of knowledge, the case study method, the hard and soft power theory of Joseph Nye, a method of observing current political and military events. Results: 1. Until the conflict with Ukraine, which took the form of war in February 2022, relations between Russia and Austria were friendly, based on mutual benefits. 2. The Austrian government to take an unambiguous stance towards the conflict and to stand in solidarity with other EU countries. 3. The bilateral relations to rapidly weaken and deteriorate, which can be seen in the public statements of Russian politicians. Conclusions: Austria played a special role in bilateral and multilateral contacts in the international environment. Russian sought to influence Austria through diplomatic, informational and economic means. By publicly condemning the armed invasion in Ukraine and accepting the sanctions imposed on Russia by EU countries, Austria received a harsh reaction from Russia in the diplomatic forum. In the long run, this may dramatically change the arrangement of mutual relations between the two countries.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 12; 50--65
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawne implikacje wybranych elementów terminu „wojna hybrydowa”
Legal implications of selected elements of the term ‘hybrid war’
Autorzy:
Ochmann, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hybrid war
military conflict
international law
Opis:
The term ‘hybrid war’ is not a legal term. It belongs to the terminology and concepts used in the studies on international relationships. Due to its popularization in mass media it has recently started to be used in new contexts. The purpose of the article is to ascertain the precise meaning of the term, and to determine the legal implications which a particular understanding of it may have in international public law. Certain understandings or interpretations of a given term determine its legal consequences and allow the assessment of their implications from the point of view of international law. Therefore in the first part of the article, a review and an examination of different ways of understanding the term ‘hybrid war’ have been conducted. Although the definitions that had been analyzed are noteworthy and they emphasize some aspects of the ‘hybrid war,’ they lack a definition of the term that would take into consideration all the dimensions of the issue of a hybrid war. Thus the attempt taken by the author to propose his own definition, aggregating all observations and insights made by the international relations experts so far, and enumerating the distinctive characteristics of hybrid wars. After that, some typical elements of a hybrid war are analyzed from the point of view of international public law. The paper investigates the possibility of qualifying hybrid methods as the ‘use of force,’ an ‘aggression’ and an ‘armed attack’ within the meaning of the United Nations Charter. It also examines the admissibility of a counter-attack within the framework of the right to self- defence. The issue raises many doubts particularly with regard to activities from below the threshold of war that are distinctive characteristics of a hybrid war. The legal implications of the use of a non-state actor to conduct an armed activity under international law were also raised, being referred to as proxy war.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 4, 28; 125-147
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Autorzy:
Bicz, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
International Criminal Tribunal
international law
structure of ICTY
war in Yugoslavia
international trial
Opis:
The article presents the activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The text is divided into the following chapters: Genesis of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, activities and structure of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the hearing before the Court, the practical activities of the ICTY. The Author described situation of Serbia and relations between Serbia and European Union. This example shows the meaning of the meaning of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The objective of the article was to discuss the structure and activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and to present the thesis that the establishment of CTY was the right decision.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2016, 19(19); 184-195
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International security after the collapse of bipolar division of the world – some chosen aspects
Autorzy:
Żebrowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International relations
international security
post-cold war world
asymmetric conflicts
Opis:
The second half of the 20th century can be referred to as a considerable increase of martial and non-martial politically-military blocs existing back then. Political changes that were initiated in the 90s of the previous century have considerably changed geopolitical and geostrategic situation of virtually every country. What has also undergone a visible change was international security, the latter being manifested in the security of regions and states. These complex conditions constituted the grounds for new threats, appearing in addition to the already existing ones. The scale and significance of the latter came as a great surprise for international community. Apart from military threats there were a number of non-military ones, the sources of which could be traced back to civilisation and social progress. Some of the threats are the conflicts of national, ethnic and religion background as well as mass migration of people, organized crime, information theft , terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to name but few. The phenomena and the events that took place at the turn of the centuries point at advanced asymmetric activities which off er numerous possibilities to the offenders due to variety of the means that can be implemented. They infringe internal as well as external security of particular states.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2011, 2; 215-234
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Західна Євразія: пошук регіональної безпекової парадигми
Western Eurasia: the Search for a Regional Security Paradigm
Autorzy:
Bevzyuk, Evgen
Kotlyar, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21151169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-20
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Institute of History of Ukraine
Tematy:
США
ЄС
Китай
Росія
Україна
Азія
ОДКБ
НАТО
геополітика
імперія
регіон
конфлікт
безпека
Радянський Союз
війна
агресія
міжнародні відносини
пострадянській простір
корупція
зовнішня політика
USA
EU
China
Russia
Ukraine
Asia
CSTO
NATO
geopolitics
empire
region
conflict
security
Soviet Union
war
aggression
international war
post-traditional expanse
corruption
foreign policy
Opis:
У статті проаналізовано обставини формування нової безпекової парадигми у країнах Азії (колишні Радянські республіки – Вірменія, Киргизстан, Туркменістан, Таджикистан, Азербайджан, Узбекистан, Казахстан). Сутінки біполярності, на жаль, не відкрили нової якісної сторінки в системі регіональної безпеки. Глобальні соціально-економічні трансформації і політичні потрясіння додали політичної нестабільності й невизначеності. На цьому історико-політичному тлі війна Росії проти України стала точкою біфуркації для такого регіону, як Західна Євразія. Актуальність теми дослідження обумовлена міжнародно-політичними процесами, які сьогодні відбуваються на території колишнього Радянського Союзу. Безпековий формат колишніх республік Союзу за традицією розглядають переважно в регіональному – пострадянському геополітичному контексті. Тому при аналізі зовнішньополітичних особливостей регіону слід враховувати факт тривалого перебування азійських республік у складі СРСР. При цьому процес розпаду Радянського Союзу принципово не змінив специфічного статусу Росії у євразійському «Хартленді». Росію з південними республіками колишнього Союзу впродовж тривалого часу пов’язували узи загальної імперської історії, культури та цінностей. Утім, факт багаторічного перебування Азії під політичним дахом Російської імперії визначив парадигму патерналістського ставлення Росії до країн регіону та на багато років означив рамки регіональної безпекової парадигми. Регіональні політичні процеси є актуальною проблемою в системі дослідження процесів та явищ на пострадянському просторі, викликаючи зіткнення різних поглядів і практики. У центрі дослідження – проблема минулого та сучасності у країнах Азії (колишніх радянських республік) як міжнародних регіональних акторів та визначення можливих перспектив розвитку їхнього зовнішньополітичного сценарію. Мета дослідження – з’ясувати роль та місце країн Азії (колишніх республік СРСР) у процесі формування нової регіональної безпекової парадигми від моменту початку активної фази військової агресії Росії проти України. Об’єкт дослідження – Західна Євразія як сучасний регіональний феномен геополітики. Предмет дослідження – зовнішня політика сучасних країн Азії (колишніх Радянських республік) в умовах становлення нової парадигми міжнародних відносин та зростаючої конкуренції світових акторів у регіоні (США, ЄС, Китай, Росія).
The paper analyzes the circumstances of the formation of a new security paradigm in Asian countries (former Soviet republics - Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). The twilight of bipolarity, unfortunately, did not open a new qualitative page in the system of regional security. Global socio-economic transformations and political upheavals have added to political instability and uncertainty. Against this historical and political background, Russia's war against Ukraine became a bifurcation point for such a region as Western Eurasia. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the international political processes that are taking place today in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The security format of the former republics of the Union is traditionally considered mainly in the regional - post-Soviet geopolitical context. Therefore, when analyzing the foreign policy features of the region, one should take into account the fact that the Asian republics were part of the USSR for a long time. At the same time, the process of the collapse of the Soviet Union did not fundamentally change the specific status of Russia in the Eurasian “Heartland”. For a long time, Russia and the southern republics of the former Soviet Union were bound by ties of common imperial history, culture and values. However, the fact that Asia has been under the political roof of the Russian Empire for many years has determined the paradigm of Russia's paternalistic attitude towards the countries of the region and for many years defined the framework of the regional security paradigm. Regional political processes are an urgent problem in the system of researching processes and phenomena in the post-Soviet space, causing a clash of different points of view and practice. The focus of the research is the problem of the past and present in the countries of Asia (former Soviet republics) as international regional actors and the determination of possible prospects for the development of their foreign policy scenario. The purpose of the study is to clarify the role and place of Asian countries (former republics of the USSR) in the process of forming a new regional security paradigm from the moment of the beginning of the active phase of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The object of research is Western Eurasia as a modern regional phenomenon of geopolitics. The subject of the study is the foreign policy of modern Asian countries (former Soviet republics) in the conditions of the formation of a new paradigm of international relations and the growing competition of world actors in the region (USA, EU, China, Russia).
Źródło:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings; 2023, 32; 81-105
2411-345X
2415-7198
Pojawia się w:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Lubanga Reparations Decision: A Missed Opportunity?
Autorzy:
Swart, Mia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Lubanga
International Criminal Court
ICC
international law
international criminal law
reparations
war crime
justice
Opis:
In March 2012 the ICC delivered its first and long-awaited judgment in Prosecutor v Lubanga. Trial Chamber I found Thomas Lubanga guilty as co-perpetrator of the war crimes of conscripting and enlisting children into the armed forces. The guilty verdict was followed by a reparations decision on 7 August 2012. This article examines the extent to which the ICC has successfully fulfilled its mandate to formulate reparations principles. The position of reparations within international law generally is discussed. This is followed by an explanation of how the ICC reparation regime functions. The bifurcated reparations mandate of the ICC is also explained. The focus of the article is on a critical assessment of the Lubanga reparations decision. The Court’s treatment of the harm requirement and the requirement of causation is examined. It is argued that the Court’s failure to clarify the requirements of “harm” and “causation” meant that it did not fulfil its mandate to formulate reparations principles.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 169-188
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calling a Spade a Spade: How to Unwrap a Genocidal Essence from the Kremlin Anti-Ukrainian Rhetoric
Autorzy:
Riabchuk, Mykola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
Russian war in Ukraine
war crimes
genocide
international law
discourse analysis
Opis:
The sheer number and scale of the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian military in Ukraine since the beginning of their all-out invasion, has prompted many experts and politicians to define this brutality as a genocide and seek for the prosecution of perpetrators under international law. The lawyers are cautious in this regard, however, maintaining that crucial element of the criminal case – the clear-cut proof of a genocidal intent on the side of the Russian leadership – might be missing or largely unprovable in the court. This article provides an overview of the ongoing debate on the alleged Russian genocide in Ukraine and argues that the Kremlin’s genocidal intent can be proved if the anti-Ukrainian rhetoric of Russian officials, pundits, and propagandists is systemically scrutinized, deconstructed, and contextualized.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2022, 6, 4; 8-20
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Historiographical Review of Studies on Sino-Indonesian Relations during the Early Stages of the Cold War, 1949–1967
Autorzy:
Mason, Richard
Yanjie, Gao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international relations
Cold War
Sino-Indonesian Relations
Opis:
The Sino-Indonesian relationship is an important research topic in Cold War studies. Since the 1960s, a number of scholarly works have been published on the subject. The declassification of diplomatic documents in various countries, and particularly the opening of the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives following the end of the Cold War, has led to new developments in the studies on Sino-Indonesian relations. Much of this research, however, has been focused on the period from 1949 to 1965, because soon after the Indonesian military coup of September 1965, Sino-Indonesian diplomatic relations was suspended and was not restored until 1990. This article is a historiographical overview of the more controversial topics in Sino-Indonesian relations between 1949 through 1965 in scholarly publications that have came out over the past half decade. These topics include, among others, the establishment and evolution of Sino-Indonesian diplomatic relations; the standpoint of the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia –PKI) toward the Sino-Soviet split; China’s reactions to the anti-Chinese movements that occurred in Indonesia between 1959 through 1961; and the cultural relations between Indonesia and China. The discussion here is limited to publications in the English and Chinese languages; this paper does not make any attempt to include relevant scholarly works that may have been published in Bahasa Indonesia or other languages.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2014, 5; 183-209
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojna hybrydowa jako przykład umiędzynarodowionego konfliktu wewnętrznego
A ‘hybrid war’ as an example of internationalisation internal conflicts
Autorzy:
Ochmann, Paweł
Wojas, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hybrid war
international law
armed conflict
Ukraine
Opis:
The paper deals with internal conflicts, their internationalisation and a hybrid war. In the 1990s many military conflicts could have been regarded as domestic conflicts or internationalised internal conflicts. According to the authors internationalised internal conflicts and a hybrid war have much in common. The purpose of the paper is to compare and confront distinctive characteristics of internationalised internal conflicts with the model of hybrid war. The authors scrutinize definitions of an internal, domestic conflict and a hybrid war, and the possibilities and likelihood of their occurrence. Finally the issue is analysed in terms of international public law. ‘Hybrid war’ is a term not defined in public international law. However it is commonly used not only by media and politicians, but also by academics in a sci- entific discourse. A question arises to what extent it is justified to use a term in the context of different military conflicts, like for instance the one in the East Ukraine that has been going on since 2015. Therefore it is necessary to explain what the term ‘hybrid war’ means. In order to do so, it is necessary to try to define the term. Its distinctive characteristics must be indicated. Then, many military conflicts will be analysed to determine whether they satisfy the requirements for qualifying them as a ‘hybrid war’ or an internationalised internal conflict. The research leads to a conclusion that an internationalised internal conflict gives many opportunities for applying to it methods characteristic of a hybrid war. In the course of an internationalised internal conflict there are many ways in which the aggressor can evade international liability and the authors attempt to answer how to prevent this.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 2 (22); 101-121
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wzajemne relacje dziennikarstwa wojennego i stosunków międzynarodowych – przyczyny, mechanizmy, konsekwencje
Bilateral relations between war journalism and international relations – causes, mechanisms, consequences
Autorzy:
Bednarek, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/649744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
dziennikarstwo wojenne
informacja wojenna
fotografia wojenna
stosunki międzynarodowe
polityka międzynarodowa
konflikt zbrojny
wojna
media
war journalism
war information
war photography
international relations
international politics
military conflict
war
Opis:
The aim of this article is to try to identify the bilateral relations between war journalism and international relations – it is an attempt to answer the questions of why and how they affect one another. Also, what are the consequences for both the international environment and the media? The research explores media and political phenomena that have taken place in history and in recent times.
Celem artykułu jest próba uchwycenia obustronnych relacji między dziennikarstwem wojennym a stosunkami międzynarodowymi – próba odpowiedzi na pytania, dlaczego i w jaki sposób wpływają wzajemnie na siebie? Ponadto, jakie są tego konsekwencje zarówno dla środowiska międzynarodowego, jak i dla mediów? Analizą badawczą objęte są zjawiska medialne i polityczne, mające miejsce w historii i w czasach najnowszych.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2018, 51, 5
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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