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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 84
Tytuł:
Zbrodnia agresji jako przestępstwo przeciwko prawu międzynarodowemu
Aggression as a crime against international law
Autorzy:
Czapliński, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698784.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zbrodnia agresji
przestępstwo przeciwko prawu międzynarodowemu
Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny
Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
aggression
crime against international law
International Criminal Court
United Nations
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 815-825
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dochodzenie roszczeń wynikających z umów o świadczenie usług turystycznych w aspekcie międzynarodowym
Autorzy:
Wolski, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/527399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
tourism
international
globalization
tourist services contract
claims
conflict of laws
proper law
competent court
Opis:
Tourism is nowadays predominantly international. This trend was begun somewhere about the second half of 20th Century and there is not any indications towards change it at the moment. This is not only a consequence of integration of European Union states, including free flow of person, but also still progressive globalization process. Therefore, the majority of contracts within the scope of tourist services is cross-border or includes international component. On the background of this type of contracts can arise tourist’s claims against tourist services providers as well as the latter against their subcontractors (hotel owners, tourist guides, carriers, etc.). Taking into account practical aspects in case of coming to existence these kind of claims, there is usually necessary to considered two main points. It has to be determined both law applicable to the contract and competent court. Mentioned above point of view is practical, because in accordance with the views of doctrine, law applicable to the legal relationship shall be considered irrespectively, even if the relationship does not include any foreign components. To consideration both cases mentioned above normally will be appropriate European Union acts applicable directly. In relation to the applicable law it is Regulation (EC) 593/2008 of the European Parliament and Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). Competent court shall be considered in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I). The majority of tourist services contracts is concluded by consumers, what was refl ected in mentioned regulations as well. From the application of those regulations as well as previous acts (especially Brussels Convention) aroused a lot of particular questions and interpretational issues. Both the views of doctrine and jurisprudence, especially judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union are very useful to consideration mentioned issues. This article was dedicated questions arising from the consideration of applicable law and competent court with respect to contracts on tourist services.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2011, 1; 37-64
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Legal Obligation to Prevent Genocide: Bosnia v Serbia and Beyond
Autorzy:
Forlati, Serena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706756.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
genocide
responsibility to protect
ICJ
International Court of Justice
Opis:
This article assesses the impact of legal rules aimed at preventing genocide. The specific features of the legal obligation to prevent genocide are analyzed in light of the current debate on the “responsibility to protect” and the ICJ’s stance on the issue in Bosnia v Serbia. While the content of positive obligations such as the one under discussion is usually elaborated through the case law of judicial or quasi-judicial bodies, the ICJ refrained from doing so, stating that only manifest breaches of the obligation to prevent genocide give rise to international responsibility. The author seeks an explanation for the reasons underlying such an approach, and tries to identify other ways in which legal standards in the field of genocide prevention could be developed.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2011, 31; 189-205
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judicial Review of Security Council Decisions – A Modern Vision of the Administration of Justice?
Autorzy:
Richter, Dagmar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Security Council
judicial review
denial of justice
judicial self-restraint
jurisdiction
International Court of Justice
principle of loyalty
UN
administration of justice
international law
Opis:
The Security Council’s new activism, particularly in the field of “individualized sanctions”, gives impetus to the debate on whether, and to what extent, the most powerful organ of the UN should be subject to judicial review. This article analyses and categorizes the various strategies already employed in international courts, such as, e.g., “denial of justice”, incidental control, full review of implementing acts, the “as-long-as” rule, and various instruments of judicial self-restraint. The author suggests that “jurisdiction”, understood as encompassing the procedural aspects of the problem, should be regarded as a “door-opener” to judicial review. As regards its substantive dimension, the existence of primary responsibilities on both sides (the Security Council and the judiciary) should be taken into consideration. The author demonstrates that the principle of loyalty and cooperation means, on the one hand, respect by the Security Council for judicial review from inside of the UN system, and on the other hand, respect for Security Council prerogatives from external courts. Taking into account the evolution of a duty of loyal cooperation between different systems within the global legal order, and in expectation that the ICJ will defend the international rule of law, we may speak of a “modern vision of the administration of justice.”
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 271-297
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems surrounding arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court: a decade of judicial practice
Autorzy:
Dłubak, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
international law
international criminal law
international criminal justice
International Criminal Court
ICC
arrest warrant
Opis:
Certain aims of international criminal justice, such as prosecution and the punishment of perpetrators of international crimes, can be achieved through the international institutions created to administer justice. However, one of the essential requirements is to ensure the suspect’s presence at trial. The measures provided for in the Rome Statute to facilitate the International Criminal Court in fulfilling this condition and initiating proper proceedings include the issuance of arrest warrants and subsequent requests for arrest and surrender. Although a binding legal obligation exists under the Rome Statute with respect to States Parties, nonetheless inter-state cooperation has proven extremely difficult to obtain. There are many reasons for this, however problems of a legal and political nature are identified as the two main areas of obstacles. There are some measures that can be taken in order to prevent the occurrence of problems relating to arrest warrants. The Office of the Prosecutor and the Pre-Trial Chambers have certain powers that can positively affect the execution of arrest warrants. These organs aim to establish a positive cooperation network, both with the States Parties and non-Party States. By using the powers of external bodies, the ICC may attempt to establish favourable circumstances which would increase the effectiveness of arrest warrants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 209-237
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respect for privacy from the Strasbourg perspective
Autorzy:
Danaj, Lorenc
Prifti, Aleks
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
ECHR
international law
human rights
right for privacy
European Court of Strasbourg
the right to respect
personal information
personal identity
integrity
Opis:
Following a general overview of the EHCR case of law and some of its distinctive features, this article focuses on explaining the meaning of ‘privacy’, and guaranteed as a fundamental right in light of Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, using as illustrations the verdicts of some cases judged by the institutions of Strasbourg. Certain paragraphs of the article address a series of issues, which according to the Court-referring to the images created by the Convention-cover a range , within which any individual may freely follow the development of their personality. The article also raises some questions, which the ECHR has often fully answered,or at least, indirectly implied. The author elaborates also on limits of privacy as foreseen by paragraph 2 of Article8, as well as on some obligations that the Convention assigns to its contracting State-Parties.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2012, 05; 108-118
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Targeted Killings (Drone strikes) and the European Convention on Human Rights
Autorzy:
Bodnar, Adam
Pacho, Irmina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ECHR
ECtHR
European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
human rights
drone
targeted killing
international law
Council of Europe
warfare
Opis:
More and more Member States of the Council of Europe are becoming interested in drone technology. Currently, a number of them either possess or wish to obtain unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with missiles. Due to the increased number of targeted killing operations committed with the use of drones by countries such as the United States or Israel, there is a probability that Member States might also use them for such operations, especially if their forces will be subject to joint command. Although the issue of targeted killings with the use of drones has not yet been subject to the scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights, there are two main reasons why this may change in the near future. First, the Court has already ruled on the extraterritorial applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights, and second, the Convention places strict limits on any attempts to carry out targeted killings and leaves only a limited space for their use, even in the context of warfare. In this article we assess whether the Member States of the Council of Europe might be ever justified under the European Convention on Human Rights to carry out targeted killing operations using drones.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 189-208
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Lubanga Reparations Decision: A Missed Opportunity?
Autorzy:
Swart, Mia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Lubanga
International Criminal Court
ICC
international law
international criminal law
reparations
war crime
justice
Opis:
In March 2012 the ICC delivered its first and long-awaited judgment in Prosecutor v Lubanga. Trial Chamber I found Thomas Lubanga guilty as co-perpetrator of the war crimes of conscripting and enlisting children into the armed forces. The guilty verdict was followed by a reparations decision on 7 August 2012. This article examines the extent to which the ICC has successfully fulfilled its mandate to formulate reparations principles. The position of reparations within international law generally is discussed. This is followed by an explanation of how the ICC reparation regime functions. The bifurcated reparations mandate of the ICC is also explained. The focus of the article is on a critical assessment of the Lubanga reparations decision. The Court’s treatment of the harm requirement and the requirement of causation is examined. It is argued that the Court’s failure to clarify the requirements of “harm” and “causation” meant that it did not fulfil its mandate to formulate reparations principles.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 169-188
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Immunity or State Impunity? Human Rights and State Immunity Revisited in the ICJ’s Judgment on the Case of the Jurisdictional Immunities of a State
Autorzy:
Gerlich, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
International Court of Justice
state immunity
human rights
Opis:
The paper aims to comment on the judgment of the International Court of Justice of 2nd February 2012 in the case of Jurisdictional Immunities of the State between Germany and Italy from the perspective of the problem of jurisdictional immunity. In its decision concerning compensation for atrocities suffered by Italian citizens during World War  II granted by Italian courts against the German State as well as the execution of the analogical decisions of Greek courts, the International Court of Justice upheld the immunity of the German State. The compensation sought by the plaintiffs in the national proceedings was to redress massacres on the civil population, deportations and forced labour. In its decision the Court analyzed the exception proposed by Italy in three strands which, according to the Respondent, cumulatively would result in an exception to the rule of state immunity. Firstly, the acts giving rise to the Italian claims constituted grave violations of humanitarian law; secondly, the rules of law violated constitute peremptory norms of international law; thirdly, no other form of redress was available rendering the exercise of jurisdiction by the Italian court to be a measure of a last resort for the victims.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2013, 2; 185-194
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktualne tematy dyskusji między NOK - Kraje Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Current Issues Debated Among the Supreme Audit Institutions of the Visegrad Countries
Autorzy:
Mazur, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416558.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
SAIs
European Court of Auditors
cooperation
international accounting standards
Opis:
The main topics of the latest meeting of the Heads of the Supreme Audit Institutions of Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia were the following: cooperation between national Supreme Audit Institutions with the European Court of Auditors in the audit of issues related to EU matters, international accounting standards for the public sector, and the audit planning process. Other issues debated on included monitoring and analysis of fiscal processes and SAIs’ role in this regard, self-assessment of SAIs in the area of information technology application, a discussion within UN agencies on the strengthening of independence and institutional capacity building of SAIs in the process of the improvement of public accounting systems.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2014, 59, 5 (358); 124-132
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Book review: Patrycja Grzebyk, Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression (Routledge Research in International Law), Routledge, 2013, pp. 394
Autorzy:
Karolina, Wierczyńska
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
book review, International Criminal Court, ICC, agression, criminal responsibility
Opis:
Book review of Patrycja Grzebyk, Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression (Routledge Research in International Law), Routledge, 2013.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2013, 33; 382-285
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Międzynarodowa aktywność NIK w Unii Europejskiej – nowy art. 12a ustawy o NIK
International Activity of NIK in the European Union – New Article 12a of the Act on NIK
Autorzy:
Mazur, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
participation of NIK in international audits
cooperation of NIK with the European Court of Auditors
activity of NIK in the forum of the Contact Committee of the Heads of the EU SAIs
Opis:
In his article, the author presents: (1) the participation of NIK in international audits (interpretation of new Article 12a of the Act on NIK that clearly sets out the right to conduct such audits; types and examples of such audits; advantages of international auditing); (2) the cooperation of NIK with the European Court of Auditors – ECA (participation of NIK auditors in ECA missions in Poland; NIK’s attempts to initiate collaboration with the ECA in conducting audits of the use of EU funds; cooperation with the Polish member of the ECA); (3) the activity of NIK in the forum of the Contact Committee of the Heads of the EU SAIs. In conclusions, the article emphasises that NIK should, as best as possible, perform its tasks related to a Supreme Audit Institution of an EU Member State.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2014, 59, 3(356); 10-36
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawna ochrona kobiet w świetle wybranych orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka
The Legal Protection of Women i the Light of Selected Verdicts of the European Court of Human Rights
Правовая защита женщин в свете некоторых решений Европейского Суда по правам человека
Autorzy:
Dajnowicz, Diana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Права человека-женщины
Совет Европы
Европейский Суд по Правам Человека
Европейская Конвенция о Защите Прав Человека и Основных Свобод
защита прав человека
международный суд
заключение
human rights of women
council of europe
european court of
human rights
european convention for the protection of human rights
and fundamental freedoms
strasbourg system
protection of human rights
international judicial authorities
Opis:
Women’s rights, otherwise known as the human rights of women, are the rights and freedoms enjoyed by women and contained especially in international law systems , also in European law. The human rights of women are clearly defined, and international judicial authorities ensure their compliance. The European Court of Human Rights is the most important institution that protects women’s rights. This institution considers complaints made by citizens of the countries which are parties to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms , thus creating a system of Strasbourg case-law. The human rights of women are interpreted and understood differently depending on different regions of Europe, the historical developments in the area and the traditions associated with the position of women in the wider society. The most frequently raised issues are the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, the right to respect for private and family life, prohibition of discrimination, and freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Права женщин, иначе говоря, права человека-женщины, это права и свободы которыми пользуются женщины, в частности те, что предусмотрены в международных правовых системах, в том числе в системе европейского права. Права женщин четко сформулированы, а соответствующие международные судебные органы контролируют их соблюдение. Важнейшим институтом, функция которого проявляется в контроле над соблюдением этих прав, является Европейский Суд по правам человека. Именно он рассматривает жалобы, которые вносят граждане стран-сторон правового акта и выдает заключение на основе Европейской Конвенции о Защите Прав Человека и Основных Свобод, создавая тем самым систему прецедентного права в Страсбурге. Права женщин, учитывая защитную деятельность Трибунала, по-разному интерпретируются и понимаются в зависимости от региона Европы, исторических факторов на данной территории, а также традиций связанных с положением женщин в широко понимаемой общественной жизни. Наиболее часто встречающимися вопросами, которые связанны с правами женщин являются в частности право на личную неприкосновенность и самостоятельность, право на уважение частной и семейной жизни, запрет дискриминации, а также свобода мысли, совести и религии.
Źródło:
Studia Podlaskie; 2014, 22; 77-90
0867-1370
Pojawia się w:
Studia Podlaskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Protection of information rights and freedoms. International legal aspects
Autorzy:
Sopilnyk, Rostyslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Constitution
civil rights
international law aspect
the judiciary
the Court of Appeal European Court
Opis:
This article examines the protection of information rights and freedoms, international legal aspects, to improve justice for the protection of individual rights Information Appeal Court represent appropriate training, including - the practice of the European Court, they need to be supported seminars on judicial practice in this category cases.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2014, 12(12); 125-130
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Specyfika rozwiązań ustrojowych w Bośni i Hercegowinie
Autorzy:
Krysieniel, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/524637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
specjalny przedstawiciel wspólnoty międzynarodowej
kolegialna
3-osobowa głowa państwa
parlament
sąd konstytucyjny
the Special Representative of the international community
the collegiate
three-member heads of state parliament
the Constitutional Court
Opis:
Rozwiązania narzucone w porozumieniu pokojowym parafowanym w listopadzie 1995 r. w Dayton w amerykańskim stanie Ohio powodują, że ustrój Bośni i Hercegowiny można bez wątpienia zaliczyć do najbardziej nietypowych, i to nie tylko w Europie. Począwszy od kolegialnej, 3-osobowej głowy państwa, poprzez specyficzną konstrukcję parlamentu, wybieranego podobnie jak głowa państwa w nie do końca demokratycznej elekcji, na sądzie konstytucyjnym – w skład którego wchodzą obywatele innych państw – kończąc. Szczególną uwagę warto zwrócić ponadto na nietypową konstrukcję państwa, opartą na asymetrycznych jednostkach, na równie specyficzne kondominium, a także na instytucję specjalnego przedstawiciela wspólnoty międzynarodowej, który sprawuje niemal nieograniczoną kontrolę nad wszystkim organami władzy na wszystkich ich szczeblach. Wszystkie te cechy wyróżniają Bośnię i Hercegowinę i powodują, że jej ustrój wymyka się spod jednoznacznej i prostej analizy.
Solutions imposed in peace agreement signed in November 1995 in Dayton, Ohio, USA, make the system of Bosnia and Herzegovina doubtlessly the most unusual, and not only in Europe. Starting from the collegiate three-member heads of state, through specific design of the parliament, elected similarly as head of state in not fully democratic election, ending on the Constitutional Court, which includes foreign nationals. Particular attention should be paid also to the atypical state structure, based on the asymmetric units, to an equally unique condominium, as well as to the institution of the Special Representative of the international community, who holds nearly unlimited control over all government bodies at all levels. All these features distinguish Bosnia and Herzegovina, and make that its system eludes of a clear and simple analysis
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2014, 1 (17); 35-53
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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