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Tytuł:
Risk assessment for industrial control systems quantifying availability using mean failure cost (MFC)
Autorzy:
Chen, Q.
Abercrombie, R. K.
Sheldon, F. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91644.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Tematy:
Industrial Control Systems
ICS
SCADA systems
industry
data acquisition
supervisory control
IT network
mean failure cost
MFC
security
risk assessment
systemy automatyki przemysłowej
systemy SCADA
przemysł
pozyskiwanie danych
sprawowanie nadzoru
sieć IT
bezpieczeństwo
ocena ryzyka
Opis:
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are commonly used in industries such as oil and natural gas, transportation, electric, water and wastewater, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food and beverage, as well as discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and durable goods.) SCADA systems are generally used to control dispersed assets using centralized data acquisition and supervisory control. Originally, ICS implementations were susceptible primarily to local threats because most of their components were located in physically secure areas (i.e., ICS components were not connected to IT networks or systems). The trend toward integrating ICS systems with IT networks (e.g., efficiency and the Internet of Things) provides significantly less isolation for ICS from the outside world thus creating greater risk due to external threats. Albeit, the availability of ICS/SCADA systems is critical to assuring safety, security and profitability. Such systems form the backbone of our national cyber-physical infrastructure. Herein, we extend the concept of mean failure cost (MFC) to address quantifying availability to harmonize well with ICS security risk assessment. This new measure is based on the classic formulation of Availability combined with Mean Failure Cost (MFC). The metric offers a computational basis to estimate the availability of a system in terms of the loss that each stakeholder stands to sustain as a result of security violations or breakdowns (e.g., deliberate malicious failures).
Źródło:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2015, 5, 3; 205-220
2083-2567
2449-6499
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunki finansowe między bankami komercyjnymi i przedsiębiorstwami przemysłowymi: zasady organizowania i ryzyka
Autorzy:
Chybaj, Volodymyr
Tesak, Oleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
financial relationships
commercial banks
industrial enterprises
risk
stosunki finansowe
banki komercyjne
przedsiębiorstwa przemysłowe
ryzyko
Opis:
In the article a  system of principles of optimizing financial relationship of industrial enterprise with commercial banks is proposed, methodological approach to risk assessment of industrial enterprise relationships with commercial banks at different stages of cooperation is justified, in particular, the factor models to identify indicators that characterize the level of risk from the perspective of both sides of the relationship are proposed.
W  pracy zaproponowano system zasad optymalizujących relacje finansowe pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami przemysłowymi a  bankami komercyjnymi. Uzasadniono podejście metodyczne do oceny ryzyka tych relacji na różnych etapach współpracy. W  szczególności zaproponowano model identyfikacji wskaźników charakteryzujących poziom ryzyka z  perspektywy obu stron (banku i przedsiębiorstwa).
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2013, 47, 4
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SEVESO III Directive – Information on Establishments with a High or Increased Risk of a Major Industrial Accident
Autorzy:
Gabryelewicz, Izabela
Wędrychowicz, Maciej
Woźniak, Waldemar
Besta, Petr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
SEVESO Directive
industrial accident
accident risk
Opis:
The article presents the history of the development, and the reasons for the creation of the SEVESO Directive, with particular emphasis on the latest Directive 2012/18 / EU of the European Parliament and the Council. The SEVESO III directive imposes detailed requirements on the plant operators regarding their control against major accident hazards related to dangerous substances. Individual countries of the European Union apply various requirements (following SEVESO III or more rigorous ones) for industrial plants. In Poland, the requirements of the SEVESO III Directive have been implemented in the Environmental Protection Act, and its executive acts. The SEVESO III Directive requires that the citizens of a given country have access to information about high and increased-risk establishments. In Poland, this requirement is met through the website www.mapy.geoportal.gov.pl. People can find information on establishments posing a risk of a serious industrial accident. The article presents how to use the portal and what information can be obtained there.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 383--392
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primenenie verojatnostnogo analiza dlja ocenki riska travmirovanija mekhanizatorov agropromyshlennosti
Application for evaluation probabilistic analysis of risk of injury to machine operators agro-industrial complex
Autorzy:
Gnatjuk, O.
Pokuktnyjj, A.
Bil'ko, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/77197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
machine operator
agro-industrial complex
dangerous situation
collision
combustion engine
continuous Markov chain
risk assessment
Źródło:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2014, 16, 3
1730-8658
Pojawia się w:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social entrepreneurship in the sustainable developemnt concept
Autorzy:
Goleński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/348459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
sustainable development
social entrepreneurship
third industrial revolution
risk
social change
Opis:
Sustainable development constitutes a paradigm which is to respond to the risks of our times (environmental, social and economic ones). It is based on the necessity to use resources in a way which will not deprive future generations of them. Such a development seeks to improve the quality of life of the community while maintaining social equality, diversity and the wealth of natural resources. It can be perceived as a broader social change which Jeremy Rifkin called “the third industrial revolution”, and whose symptoms can be seen today. Within the scope of this concept, there is the social entrepreneurship that, through the market activities, focuses on the social mission. Such a mission may concern a number of issues, such as social re-integration, fighting exclusion, or environment protection. Taking into account the importance of human resources, the social capital and economic efficiency of these enterprises and simultaneously focusing on environmental efforts, constitute a practical dimension of the sustainable development in local communities. One of the social cooperatives operating in the Opole voivodship is a good example here.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2017, 2; 128-139
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Assessment of an Abandoned Briquette Factory – A Case Study at Nagymányok Area, Former Industrial Zone
Autorzy:
Halász, Amade
Dezső, József
Poor, Viktoria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Nagymányok
environmental assessment
industrial zone
metal contamination
risk characterisation
Opis:
The study is focused on environmental assessments of impacts by former briquette factory at the Nagymányok area in South Hungary. The (former) industrial zone is located in a northern valley of the Eastern Mecsek Mountains. Until the 1990s this company was the largest briquette factory in Hungary and the demolition works are still incomplete. former investigations were based on only five samples. our sampling sites were selected on the basis of the source of the contaminations and then we covered the whole area in equal distribution. We used the A1-F6 codes for the sample places. We have started from southwest to northeast. The samples were analyzed for Total Petrol Hydrocarbons (TPHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and for heavy metals. The area was heavily contaminated by TPHs and moderately heavy metals (such as Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb). Highest contaminant concentrations were found around the former industrial buildings, especially between the boiler-house and the coal-pillbox. In the industrial area the mean of the detected values is below the upper limit of the legal exposure values, but among the former industrial buildings higher (e.g. toxic level) concentration values were detected in multiple samples. Based on our investigation the pollutant can be transported by wind or by water on the surface (stream bed) or underground. The hazardous material can easily reach some part of the city, therefore reclamation is necesarry.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2016, 35, 1; 69-79
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial distribution, environmental risk and source of heavy metals in street dust from an industrial city in semi-arid area of China
Autorzy:
Han, X.
Lu, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heavy metals
spatial distribution
source
risk assessment
industrial city
dust
Opis:
Environmental risks associated with Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in street dust collected from Baotou, a medium-sized industrial city in a semi-arid area of northwest China, were assessed by using enrichment factor and the potential ecological index. Their spatial distributions and sources in the dust were analyzed on the basis of geostatistical methods and multivariate statistical analysis, respectively. The results indicate that street dust in Baotou has elevated heavy metal concentrations, especially of Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Co in the dust was significantly enriched. Cr and Pb were from moderate to significant enrichment. Cu and Zn were from minimal to moderate enrichment, whereas Mn, Ni and V in the dust were from deficient to minimal enrichment. The ecological risk levels of Co and Pb in the dust were moderate to considerable and low to moderate, respectively, whereas those of other heavy metals studied in the dust presented low ecological risk. Different distribution patterns were found among the analyzed heavy metals. Three main sources of these heavy metals were identified. Cr, Mn, Ni and V originated from nature and industrial activities. Cu, Pb and Zn derived mainly from traffic sources, and Co was mainly from construction sources.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2017, 43, 2; 10-19
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COAL MINING IN CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE IN PERSPECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL RISK
Autorzy:
Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
post-transition economies
economic and industrial risk
coal mining
Opis:
Research background: Due to increasing economic and sector risk coal mining in Europe is treated as a declining industry. In post-transition economies such approach is a threat for energy security and local and regional economic development. Nowadays, coal mining survival in Central-East Europe is additionally threatened by accumulative global risk factors, especially by price differentiation and shale gas revolution in United States of America. Revealed circumstances require deepen research and diagnosis in the area of risk and corporate management in mining enterprises in Central-East Europe. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to assess industrial risk in coal mining in Central-East Europe. The research is divided into three parts. In the first one the situation of coal mining in Central-East Europe is characterized. It is the basis for selection of the countries for the detailed analysis. In the second part the industrial risk factors are assessed and described. Finally, in the third part their influence on financial results in the examined mining enterprises is evaluated. In the summary the international comparison is made and general assumptions for risk and corporate management are formulated. Methods: In the article a risk checklist is used to identify the economic and industrial risk factors. To determine their influence on financial results on the first stage of research Pear-son’s coefficients are used. Than regression functions are developed. The data are collected on the basis of public statistics and financial statements of the examined mining enterprises. Findings & Value added: On the basis of research results it may be stated that there are only a few countries in Europe in which mining enterprises still operate as separate economic units and all of them have experienced serious financial troubles in the last years. Risk intensification contributed mostly to revenues reduction and negative financial results.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2017, 8, 1; 131-142
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Air pollution mapping in the Wilaya of Annaba (NE of Algeria)
Autorzy:
Kharytonov, M.
Benselhoub, A.
Klimkina, I.
Bouhedja, A.
Idres, A.
Aissi, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Geoinżynierii, Górnictwa i Geologii. Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
geographical information system
atmospheric pollution
industrial activities
risk assessment
Annaba
Opis:
Poor air quality can pose severe risks to human health and can also influence negatively on the natural environment. Annaba suffers from air pollution due to the industrial activities occurring in the province including, electricity generation, waste incineration, chemistry and other small additional industrial operations. However, mining, steel industry and metallurgy are considered among the most polluting activities. The aim of our research is to assess the risks of air pollution emissions with NO2, SO2, Toluene and Benzene as a result of industrial enterprises activities in Annaba province. The application of geo-graphical information system (GIS) mapping based on automatic monitoring networks of air quality, allows us the assessment of air pollution risks in the studied area. Two zones of air pollution with N02 in the level of 1 MPC has been recorded near the blast furnaces and the steel shop, the second halo of NO2 pollution was fixed over residential infrastructures. Moreover, revealed a tendency to higher content of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of the bigger part of Annaba region. Corresponding to the data obtained from stationary monitoring networks, the annual average concentration of SO2 was significantly lower than the MPC. Based on GIS maps there are two areas with SO2 pollution inside the territory of El Hadjar metallurgical plant. A significant increase in concentrations of NO2 in the atmosphere of the industrial areas was recorded in the first decade. On average during three years the highest content of technogenic dust was detected in El Bouni.
Źródło:
Mining Science; 2016, 23; 183-189
2300-9586
2353-5423
Pojawia się w:
Mining Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rewolucja czy ewolucja w ochronie informacji niejawnych. Ułatwienie czy utrudnienie dla przedsiębiorców
Autorzy:
Koczkowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/143386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
Ustawa o ochronie informacji niejawnych
Rada Unii Europejskiej
NATO
Unia Europejska
ABW
SKW
przetwarzanie informacji niejawnych
ryzyko
informacja tajna
informacja poufna
informacja zastrzeżona
bezpieczeństwo teleinformatyczne
Law on Protection of Classifield Information
EU
processing classified information
risk
confidential
reserved
ICT security
industrial safety
Opis:
W dniu 5 sierpnia 2010 r. uchwalona została przez Sejm RP , nowa ustawa o ochronie informacji niejawnych, która weszła w życie z dniem 2 stycznia 2011r. Ustawa wprowadza kompleksowe, spójne, konsekwentne i łatwe do zastosowania regulacje prawne, zmierzające do uproszczenia obowiązującego systemu ochrony informacji niejawnych, przy równoczesnym zwiększeniu jego efektywności. Jednym z fundamentalnych założeń ustawy jest rezygnacja z podziału informacji niejawnych na tajemnicę państwową i służbową. Ochronie określonej przepisami tejże ustawy podlegać będą wyłącznie informacje, których ujawnienie przyniosłoby szkodę całemu państwu. Nowa ustawa umożliwia stosowanie zarządzania ryzykiem przy określaniu poziomów bezpieczeństwa fizycznego i teleinformatycznego. Dopasowanie odpowiednich środków ochrony do liczby i rangi chronionych informacji oraz rzeczywistego poziomu istniejących dla nich zagrożeń pozwoli na ograniczenie nadmiernych wydatków z nimi związanych. Obowiązek organizacji kancelarii tajnych nałożono wyłącznie na jednostki organizacyjne dysponujące informacjami oznaczonymi klauzulami "tajne" lub "ściśle tajne". Istotne znaczenie ma również wprowadzenie obowiązku szkolenia w zakresie ochrony informacji, nie rzadziej niż co 5 lat, wszystkich osób mających dostęp do informacji niejawnych. Zniesiono obowiązek prowadzenia postępowań sprawdzających wobec osób, które mają uzyskać dostęp do informacji niejawnych o klauzuli "zastrzeżone". W celu uniknięcia sytuacji, w której pełnomocnik ochrony prowadziłby postępowanie sprawdzające w stosunku do swojego pracodawcy wprowadzono zasadę prowadzenia przez służby postępowań wobec wszystkich kierowników jednostek organizacyjnych niezależnie od klauzuli.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2011, 65, 3; 179-180
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biznes ubezpieczeniowy w obliczu wyzwań związanych z samochodami autonomicznymi
Insurance business facing challenges related to autonomous cars
Autorzy:
Kołodziejczyk, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne
Tematy:
czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa
technologia samochodu autonomicznego
ubezpieczenia
ryzyko
nowa mobilność
fourth industrial revolution
autonomous cars technology
insurance
risk
new mobility
Opis:
W czasach czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej wiele branż staje przed wyzwaniem głębokich dostosowań i budowy nowych modeli biznesowych. Jedną z nich jest sektor ubezpieczeń gospodarczych. Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie dostosowania się branży ubezpieczeniowej do procesu autonomizacji samochodów. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie przeglądu aktualnych publikacji naukowych i specjalistycznych oraz raportów analitycznych podejmujących problematykę zautomatyzowanej mobilności. Wejście na rynek samochodów autonomicznych będzie systematycznie zwiększać znaczenie nowych rodzajów ryzyka, a jednocześnie zmniejszać oddziaływanie ryzyka behawioralnego. Ten proces wykreuje szereg wyzwań (m.in. finansowych, rynkowych czy prawnych), którym będą musiały sprostować zarówno zakłady ubezpieczeń, jak i przedstawiciele władz publicznych. Artykuł identyfikuje nowe obszary i możliwości biznesowe istotne z punktu widzenia przedsiębiorstw.
During the fourth industrial revolution, many industries face the challenge of deep adjustments and building new business models. One of them is the insurance sector. The aim of this article is to examine the adjustment of the insurance industry to the process of autonomization of cars. The study was conducted on the basis of a review of current scientific and specialist publications as well as analytical reports dealing with the issues of automated mobility. The transition to automated mobility will systematically increase the importance of new risks while reducing the impact of behavioral risk. The above process creates a number of challenges (including human resources, management, legal) that will have to be addressed by both insurance companies and representatives of public authorities. The article identifies new areas and business opportunities important from the point of view of enterprises.
Źródło:
Marketing i Rynek; 2022, 11; 23-30
1231-7853
Pojawia się w:
Marketing i Rynek
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decision support methods in cybersecurity education
Autorzy:
Komorowski, Tomasz M.
Klasa, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
smart manufacturing systems
Industry 4.0
information technology
operational technology
industrial automation and control systems
functional safety
cybersecurity
risk evaluation
Opis:
Even the best technology will be ineffective if not used appropriately, therefore education and training about cybersecurity principles and programs are essential components of any cybersecurity strategy. This article presents selected models of the decision support theory from the point of view of cybersecurity education. The analysis of scientific literature and the available research results serve as a base to characterize approaches to raise the awareness of decision-makers about potential cyber threats and the development of appropriate attitudes and the conscious use of information systems and digital resources. The main part of the article is devoted to the issue of the use of teaching methods to increase the involvement of learners. It also describes examples of selected models of the game theory used in IT security education, including examples of simulation games dedicated to decision-making in the domain of IT security.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2019, 23, 2; 245-256
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procedure based proactive functional safety management for the risk mitigation of hazardous events in the oil port installations including insurance aspects
Autorzy:
Kosmowski, K. T.
Śliwiński, M.
Piesik, E.
Gołębiewski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
functional safety
security
industrial control systems
oil port installations
risk evaluation
insurance
Opis:
This article addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on risk assessment results the safety integrity level (SIL) is determined for consecutive safety functions. These functions are implemented within industrial control system (ICS) that consists of the basic process control system (BPCS) and/or safety instrumented system (SIS). Determination of required SIL related to required risk mitigation is based on semi-quantitative evaluation method. Verification of SIL for considered architectures of BPCS and/or SIS is supported by probabilistic models with appropriate data and model parameters including security-related aspects. The approach proposed is illustrated on example of oil port installations. In final part of the article the insurance aspects are discussed in managing risks, as some risks are to be transferred to an insurance company.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2016, 7, 1; 147--156
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Functional safety and cyber security analysis for life cycle management of industrial control systems in hazardous plants and oil port critical infrastructure including insurance
Autorzy:
Kosmowski, Kazimierz, T.
Gołębiewski, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
functional safety
cyber security
hazardous plants
oil port infrastructure
industrial automation
control systems
hazards
threats
vulnerabilities
risk analysis
key performance indicators
integrated safety
security management
business continuity management
insurance
Opis:
This report addresses selected methodological aspects of proactive reliability, functional safety and cyber security management in life cycle of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants and oil port critical installations based on the analysis of relevant hazards / threats and evaluation of related risks. In addition the insurance company point of view has been also considered, because nowadays the insurer, interested in decreasing risks to be insured, offers the expertise how to limit effectively risks in life cycle from the design conceptual stage of hazardous plant, through its reliable and safe operation, until decommissioning. Therefore, the risk evaluation model for insurance related decision making for the period considered, e.g. one year, should be plant specific with some predictive properties due to changing environment and business conditions, and usually considerable uncertainty involved. The objective is to evaluate and mitigate risks, and control them proactively, through undertaking appropriate activities within a process based management system according to elaborated policy and strategy that includes organisational and technical aspects, including preventive maintenance activities of sensitive equipment and updating in time the training programmes. Careful evaluating and controlling risks is also crucial for the insurance company. Basic activities of the risk engineers and underwriters in the insurance process are outlined in the context of identified hazards/threats and defined factors that significantly influence risks to be considered in evaluating the insurance premium in the context of terms and conditions specified.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2019, 10, 1; 99--126
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Integrated functional safety and cybersecurity. Analysis method for smart manufacturing systems
Autorzy:
Kosmowski, Kazimierz T.
Śliwiński, Marcin
Piesik, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
smart manufacturing systems
Industry 4.0
information technology
operational technology
industrial automation and control systems
functional safety
cybersecurity
risk evaluation
Opis:
This article addresses integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis with regard to: the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 and the cyber security standard IEC 62443 concerning an industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems, and reduce relevant risks taking into account a set of fundamental requirements (FRs). A method is proposed for determining and verifying the performance level (PL) or the safety integrity level (SIL) of defined safety functions, and then validating these levels depending on the security level (SL) of a particular domain,e.g.a safety related control system (SRCS). The method is general in the sense that it is based on risk graphs prepared for individual risk and/or societal/group risk with regard to the criteria defined.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2019, 23, 2; 177-207
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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