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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN STABILITY-INDICATING HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TILDIPIROSIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
    Autorzy:
    gamal, mohammed gamal
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895699.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-29
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
    Tematy:
    stability indicating method
    high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
    forced degradation study
    Tildipirosin
    injectable solution
    Opis:
    This study aimed to develop a simple stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for the assay of Tildipirosin (TPS), which is a 16-member ring semi-synthetic macrolide, in an injectable solution. TPS is commonly used in the USA for the treatment of animal's respiratory infection. The isocratic elution was set up using the Inertsil-ODS column with the flow rate set at 0.9 mL min-1 and the detection wavelength of 285 nm. The column temperature was ambient and the overall runtime was 5 minutes. Additionally, the mobile phase was water: acetonitrile: trifluoroacetic acid (53.45: 46.45: 0.10, by volume). The HPLC-forced degradation stability method for TPS in Egydipiro Injectable Solution was performed in different stress conditions, i.e. light/UV, heat, acid, base, and oxidation. The results showed the linearity range was 36.00 to 108.00 µg mL-1 for TPS. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 and the accuracy was 98.78%. The degradation percentages were presented ranging from 31.54% in the photodegradation condition to 50.10% in the base degradation. The Eco-scale score was about 82 points indicating an excellent green chromatographic technique. Therefore, the novel stability method was unique in terms of simplicity and environment-friendly aspects. The new HPLC–DAD method was the first, green, stability-indicating chromatographic method for a TPS analysis with its degradation products. However, the major drawbacks of the new chromatographic method are the incomplete identification of degradation products and the inability to propose an appropriate mechanism for drug degradation. Overall, the method can be employed to evaluate TPS stability under various storage conditions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2020, 77, 3; 443-452
    0001-6837
    2353-5288
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of camshaft control on combustion processes in a compression ignition VCR engine
    Wpływ sterowania wałkiem rozrządu na procesy spalania w silniku VCR z zapłonem samoczynnym
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, Jerzy
    Bajerlein, Maciej
    Daszkiewicz, Paweł
    Urbański, Patryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106693.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Humanistyczny im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego w Radomiu
    Tematy:
    VCR engine
    indicating
    AVL Fire
    silnik VCR
    indykowanie
    Opis:
    The article contains an analysis of thermodynamic indicators of the CI engine1 with direct fuel injection. The tested unit was an engine with an unconventional crank-piston configuration, in which at a constant compression ratio, different engine crankshaft control variants were compared In this article the time ranges in which the piston was located in the TDC2 were analyzed. Additionally, tests were carried out on a conventional unit for comparative purposes. For the purposes of the work, a piston displacement characteristic was generated in dynamic analysis in SolidWorks Motion3. Then, this characteristic was used in the simulations of the combustion process in the AVL Fire program, where the most important thermodynamic indicators of the engine cycle were analyzed.
    Artykuł zawiera analizę wskaźników termodynamicznych procesu spalania silnika CI z bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa. Badaną jednostką był silnik o niekonwencjonalnym układzie korbowo-tłokowym, w którym przy stałym stopniu sprężania poprzez wysterowanie krzywki w silniku porównano różne warianty jej ustawienia. W niniejszym artykule poddane analizie zostały zakresy czasowe w jakich tłok znajdował się w Górnym Martwym Punkcie (GMP). Dodatkowo w celach porównawczych przeprowadzono badania na jednostce konwencjonalnej. Na potrzeby pracy wygenerowana została droga tłoka w analizie dynamicznej w programie Solidworks Motion. Następnie charakterystyka ta została wykorzystana w symulacjach procesu spalania w programie AVL Fire, gdzie analizie zostały poddane najważniejsze wskaźniki termodynamiczne obiegu silnikowego.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport; 2020, 2, 1; 9-18
    2658-1698
    2658-2120
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development and validation of stability-indicating HPLC method for diflucortolone valerate and isoconazole nitrate combination
    Autorzy:
    doğanay, Asuman
    Özlem Gündoğdu, Suriye
    Şimşek, Funda
    Çapan, Yılmaz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895569.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-28
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
    Tematy:
    stability indicating method
    HPLC analysis
    Diflucortolone valerate
    İsoconazole nitrate
    Opis:
    The combination of diflucortolone valerate (DIF) and isoconazole nitrate (ISO) is commonly used in pharmaceutical preparations. Though, there are already few methods in the literature for the simultaneous determination of these two compounds, none of them involves the stability indicating property that is emphasized by the ICH guidelines. In the present study, a stability-indicating HPLC assay method was developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of diflucortolone valerate (DIF) and isoconazole nitrate (ISO) in their combined pharmaceutical cream formulations. Separation of active substances and their degradation products was achieved on an ACE column (150x4.6 mm id, 5µm particle size) with an isocratic mobile phase of sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and methanol mixture in the ratio of 27: 73, v/v with UV detection at 240 nm. The chromatographic separation was performed in a very short run time with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The developed method was validated as per United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. DIF and ISO active substances were exposed to stress conditions separately and also in their combined drug product form in order to examine the stability indicating property of the proposed method. Stressed samples were analyzed by using HPLC equipped with a photo diode array (PDA) detector and the method was found to be stability-indicating. Therefore, we introduced a facile method for routine analysis of DIF and ISO in combined cream pharmaceutical dosage forms and their corresponding stability studies.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 1; 49-58
    0001-6837
    2353-5288
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Właściwości stygmatu a sytuacja życiowa człowieka zagrożonego stygmatyzacją
    The Properties of Stigma and the Situation of Human Life
    Autorzy:
    Świgost, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/913304.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    stigma
    assorted interaction
    properties of stigma
    self-indication
    indicating
    Opis:
    It is stated that the properties of stigma have the key role in perceiving social relations and own life situation by the person who is in danger of the process of social stigma. It is ccognitively interesting how agreeing to the process of social stigma is shown in terms of difficulty that is being activated by specific feature, pressing, in exceptional sense, on seeing and controling the stigma. This article contains the theoretical analysis of the process of social stigma in relation to its chosen features. There has been done an attempt to present mutual assorted interaction with the influence of blocking predicators or those restoring the process of social self-indicating and indicating.
    Źródło:
    Studia Edukacyjne; 2017, 45; 329-345
    1233-6688
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Edukacyjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Termodynamiczne aspekty pracy silnika z bezpośrednim wtryskiem benzyny w warunkach biegu jałowego
    Thermodynamic aspects of the operation of engine with gasoline direct fuel injection for idle speed
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    silnik spalinowy
    badanie indykatorowe
    bieg jałowy
    nierównomierność pracy
    combustion engine
    indicating research
    idling
    cycle variation
    Opis:
    Współczesne wymagania stawiane silnikom spalinowym są ukierunkowane głównie na uzyskiwanie dużych wartości wskaźników ich pracy przy jednoczesnym małym zużyciu paliwa i ograniczonej emisji składników toksycznych spalin. Mimo, że silniki spalinowe wykorzystują zróżnicowane warunki obciążenia, to udział biegu jałowego w całym zakresie ich pracy jest znaczny. Udział silników spalinowych z bezpośrednim wtryskiem benzyny (ZI DI) jest coraz większy w ogólnej liczbie silników o zapłonie iskrowym. Oznacza to, że sposób przygotowania mieszanki jest ważnym czynnikiem w silniku ZI DI również na biegu jałowym. Analizie poddano silnik ZI z tworzeniem mieszanki przez dawkę wtryskiwanego paliwa (typu spray-guided) na biegu jałowym. Określono wskaźniki jego pracy w tych warunkach oraz dokonano oceny nierównomierności cykli z użyciem współczynnika zmienności. Wykorzystując wiele wskaźników eksploatacyjnych silnika wskazano na te, które w najlepszy sposób charakteryzują jego pracę na biegu jałowym.
    Contemporary requirements for combustion engines are aimed mainly at obtaining high values of engine operation parameters at simultaneously low fuel consumption and reduced emission of toxic components of the exhaust gases. Despite the fact that internal combustion engines utilise diverse load conditions, the share of idle speed in the whole range of their operation is significant. The percentage of combustion engines with direct gasoline injection (SI DI) in the total number of engines with spark ignition engines is increasing. It means that the method of preparation of the mixture is an important factor in SI DI engine, also for idle speed. In tests was analysed the SI engine creating mixture through a dose of injected fuel (of the spray-guided type) for idle speed. The indexes of engine operation in those conditions were determined, and with the use of coefficient of variation the estimation of the cyclic variation of the cycle was conducted. From many operational indexes of the engine were selected those, which in the best way characterise engine operation for idle speed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 219-228
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TRADITIONAL CHINESE GENERATION NAMES
    Autorzy:
    KAŁUŻYŃSKA, IRENA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    Tematy:
    Chinese naming system
    Chinese given names
    Chinese generation names
    names
    indicating the order of birth
    Chinese p’ai-hang
    Opis:
    Personal names usually contain some information which falls within the broad content of culture. They are often imbued with information on history, religion, social organization, mentality, values, preferences or symbols. Chinese naming practices do not restrict the inventory of possible given names, and as based upon characteristics of the Chinese culture, Chinese language and Chinese writing system, they grant a great deal more opportunity for creativity in naming than is the case in Western cultures. The paper deals with the specific tradition and practice of Chinese generational naming, i.e. it presents various types and categories of Chinese generation given names, indicating the order of birth of children within a family or within generations of a clan. Generation names appear to be unique to China. The tradition and practice of generation naming were formed to ensure the unity of the great Chinese family and to maintain its continuity and prosperity. According to the research material, there are two main types of generation names, i.e. (I) names denoting the order of birth in a family by using special seniority terms or numerals, and (II) names indicating the order of birth within generations of a family or a clan, or the seniority in a family, created by using some special generational methods of forming Chinese names, based mainly upon the characteristics of the Chinese language and its writing system.
    Źródło:
    Onomastica; 2015, 59; 107-121
    0078-4648
    Pojawia się w:
    Onomastica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Concept of sagnac effect application in measurement of angular acceleration of piston engine crankshaft
    Autorzy:
    Łutowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245096.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    pressure measurement
    piston engine
    indicating
    Opis:
    In the paper results of conducted in Polish Naval Academy researches aiming to diagnostic using of measurement of engine crankshaft unsteady angular speed measurement will be presented. Similar works were many times started in different research centres. Up to now, adequate accuracy of measurement had not been achieved to make proper diagnostic decision. In commercial field, measurement of unsteady rotation speed has been used only in MAPEX –TV system (Torsional Vibration detector) dedicated to SULZER engines, which up to now without any mistakes detected only the one engine cylinder switch out of work. To the advanced diagnostic system, there are a lot off work to do. For several years in navigation, more often are used optic gyroscopes, which work on the base of Sagnac effect, assuring angular speed measurements, with 0.001 o/h resolution. Such resolution is absolutely higher than needed in piston engines diagnostic, but range of measured rotation speed is much lower than rpm of low speed marine diesel engines. In scope of conducted scientific work, it was decided to build of model of Sagnac interferometer prepared to measure rotational speed in range adequate to medium speed marine diesel engines. At rotational speed, equal 750 rpm 1 mV change in output voltage had been achieved for the difference of 0.4 o/sec of rotational speed. Time of measurement is equal the time, which need light to go through distance of 100 m fibber-optic line. In practice, this method does not introduce any significant phase shifts and does not limit the number of samples per revolution.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 319-326
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unsteady angular speed of diesel engine crankshaft preliminary examination
    Autorzy:
    Łutowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    cylinder pressure measurement
    piston engine
    indicating
    Opis:
    The paper discusses issues related to measurement of unsteady angular speed of diesel engine crankshaft. The focus is on the selection and optimization of the measuring method to obtain high accuracy, eliminating errors resulting from the unsteady angular speed of markers on diesel engine crankshaft. A method that uses a counter markers placed on the engine flywheel had been worked out. Markers location has been read out by two slit optical sensors. Number of markers and the distance between the sensors were chosen so as to counter tooth during the transition between the sensors count the more than 10,000 pulses at rated speed of the shaft. This provided a measurement method resolution at 0.01 %. Initial studies were performed on one-cylinder diesel engine with the greatest unsteady of angular speed. Additionally analysis which treated the measured unsteady angular speed of diesel engine crankshaft as a deforming pressure mapping as a function of the calculated piston movement was performed. This deformation is caused by the assumption that a constant rotation speed is proportional to time, and measurements are made at a constant rate. In the case of synchronized measurements of PLL circuits duplicating markers on the shaft against the expectations the deformations due to the activity of the follow-up mode of such systems are increased. The influence of these deformations on the designation of an average error of cylinder indicated pressure and other parameters obtained from the analysis of the pressure and vibration envelope has been examined.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 393-399
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of indicator valve channel untightens and loss of patency on the parameters values image obtained from indicator diagram
    Autorzy:
    Cuper, D.
    Łutowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245434.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    indicating valve
    piston engine
    indicating
    Opis:
    Indication process of big marine and industrial diesel engines are taken through indicating canals with indicating valves. Influence of these channels on parameters values obtained from engines indication is significant. Depending on chosen method of TDC determination the obtained image course error could achieved even 80% of measured value. It is assumed that this error is systematic and identical for whole engine cylinders or even for whole the same engines type. From these reasons such measurement are commonly used only for comparative tests. Engines exploitation caused technical degradation of indicators canals and valves. Unburnt fuels and oil particles deposits in channel changing its patency and also untightens in connections occurs. These are the reasons of changing in indication pressure diagram image. Process of degradation could be treated as random and measured parameters could be also burden by random error. During tests which were carried out on Sulzer type 6AL20/24 engine simulations of indicator canal malfunctions were made and their influence on obtained indication parameters were checked. Obtained parameters devalue sense of engine tuning in exploitation which based only on comparative tests of indicating pressure curves.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 61-66
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aspekty algorytmiczne organizacji układu do mnożenia długich operandów
    Algorithmic aspects of long-digit multiplier organization
    Autorzy:
    Gliszczyński, M.
    Tariov, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/158113.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    systemy komputerowe
    wskazówkowe przyrządy pomiarowe
    kreślenie podziałek
    computer systems
    indicating analogue measuring instruments
    drawing of the scales
    Opis:
    W pracy została zaprezentowana zracjonalizowana struktura algorytmiczna do obliczania iloczynu dwóch operandów N-elementowych ze zredukowaną liczbą układów mnożących i sumatorów dla dowolnej dużej wartości. Pozwala to przy implementacji zmniejszyć nakłady obliczeniowe lub zapotrzebowanie na zasoby sprzętowe oraz stworzyć dogodne warunki do efektywnej realizacji operacji mnożenia dużych liczb w dowolnym sprzętowo-programowym środowisku implementacyjnym.
    In the paper the fast algorithm for two long, N-digits numbers multiplication with reduced number of multipliers and adders for any large value is presented. In the first paragraph a theoretical problem with known solutions is presented. While naive N-bits numbers multiplication requires N×N fragmentary, one-bit multiplications, the Karatsuba approach using simple transformations (1-3) and recursion provides smaller complexity. There are also described other, faster algorithms of more complicated structure (Toom-3, Schönhage-Strassen). The algorithm presented in this paper is based on the Karatsuba method because of its simplicity. In the second paragraph there is given the synthesis of a matrix-based, tensor product algorithm for large operand multiplications with no recursion needed. All matrix constructions are predefined. Next, the graph-structural models of the algorithm with time/space flow of data for N=2 and N=4 are shown (Figs. 1, 2). At the end, estimation of the number of multipliers and adders according to the operands length, supported by Table 1, is discussed (11, 12). The advantages of the new algorithm are simple and clear matrices-based construction, easy implementation, no need of recursion, possibility of parallel execution and reduced number of multipliers. Next problem to consider is profitability of the proposed approach in multi-core hardware implementation depending on N value.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 10, 10; 1130-1132
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of the mechanical power losses of engine-compressor GMVH for diagnostic purposes
    Autorzy:
    Łutowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engines
    engine-compressor
    indicating
    MIP
    pressure sensors
    Opis:
    The engine-compressors GMVH types are used in the national gas transmission system in Poland. There is a danger of scuffing of the working components of the engine-compressor particular pistons and cylinders during the process of their exploitation. The growth of resistance in motion parts of the machine is the main symptom of the scuffing. In the cinematic system of the engine-compressor where the engine and compressor are fully mechanically integrated it is impossible to assess the power of mechanical friction without stopping the machine. But if the engine-compressor is equipped with a cylinder pressure measuring system it is possible to determine the indicated power of all compressor and engine cylinders and assess the friction losses as a difference between the sum of the engine 's cylinder s indicated power and the sum of the compressor's cylinders indicated power. In the differential measurements of absolute values measuring errors are accumulated so considerable uncertainty of the measured parameter is expected. The accuracy of the friction power losses assessment method is not sufficient for research purposes. However, despite the expected significant errors, assessed parameters trends observation should allow to detect ofrapid changes of machine technical condition caused by piton scuffing. To ensure the sense of this method a precise measurements and in particular the error consistency of indicated pressure assessment of all cylinders in long time period are necessary. The experience from engine-compressors monitoring and diagnostic system services, the main sources of errors and methods for their minimization are described in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 279-286
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    System do kreślenia podziałek przyrządów pomiarowych
    System for drawing the scales of indicating analogue measuring instruments
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, P.
    Mróz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/158111.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    systemy komputerowe
    wskazówkowe przyrządy pomiarowe
    kreślenie podziałek
    computer systems
    indicating analogue measuring instruments
    drawing of the scales
    Opis:
    System do kreślenia podziałek wskazówkowych przyrządów pomiarowych umożliwia obliczenie współrzędnych położenia kresek dowolnej podziałki, w tym podziałek wielokrotnych, ocyfrowania i innych symboli oraz ich wykreślenie bezpośrednio na podzielni przyrządu zgodnie z wymaganiami norm. System ma zastosowanie w zakładach wytwórczych przyrządów pomiarowych. Nowością jest zapewnienie wyższego poziomu zgodności przebiegu charakterystyki kreślonej podziałki z charakterystyką przyrządu pomiarowego i znaczne skrócenie czasu drukowania podziałek.
    The accuracy of analogue indicating instrument mostly depends mostly on conformability of the scale characteristic with the meter characteristic, i.e. characteristic of converting the input quantity to deflection of a pointer. The scale characteristic is a function determining the position of every scale mark on the dial dependently on the input quantity value corresponding to it. If differences between the meter characteristics of some number of instruments do not exceed the permissible values determined by their class index, one scale characteristic can be applied. In the opposite case, there are made a few dials with small differences between their characteristics and there is chosen the best one for each meter [1], or there are used the means for adjusting the meter characteristic to one scale, or there is drawn the dial separately for each meter. The paper describes a system for drawing individually the scales for a meter. This system has two versions: with a reference voltage and current source (Fig. 1.) [2] and with a reference meter (Fig. 2.). The system works according to the algorithm elaborated by the authors. It permits to reckon up all data needed to draw the complete dial. One question to be solved was elaboration of algorithms for drawing thick lines required by standard [3] with a thin pen. Fig. 3 shows solution to this question. Different kinds of scales drawn by the system are presented in Fig. 4. These examples confirm versatility of the system and correctness of the algorithms. The system shortens significantly the time of drawing scales, increases their accuracy and aesthetics of the dials.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 10, 10; 1127-1129
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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