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Wyszukujesz frazę "income poverty" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Czy grozi nam ubóstwo? Analiza potencjalnych skutków unijnej polityki walki z globalnym ociepleniem dla gospodarstw domowych w Polsce
Are we threatened by fuel poverty? Energy purchase costs and income per capita of the EU citizen
Autorzy:
Jurdziak, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/282469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
ubóstwo
ubóstwo dochodowe
ubóstwo energetyczne
dochód rozporządzalny
jednostki standardu siły nabywczej
pakiet energetyczno-klimatyczny
ceny nośników energii
poverty
fuel poverty
income poverty
energy and climate package
price of energy
Opis:
W nawiązaniu do historycznych idei zapewnienia krajom Europejskiej Wspólnoty Węgla i Stali taniej energii, przedstawiono negatywne skutki, jakie dla gospodarstw domowych niesie obecna polityka UE walki z „globalnym ociepleniem”. Omówiono definicje ubóstwa dochodowego, bazującą na wzglednym progu wynoszącym 60% mediany dochodów rozporządzalnych gospodarstw domowych i wskaźnik zagrożenia wykluczeniem społecznym przyjete przez Eurostat. Podano miejsce Polski w hierarchii ubóstwa na tle innych krajów UE. Zwrócono uwage na drastyczne różnice progów ubóstwa (wyznaczonych zarówno w euro jak i w jednostkach standardu siły nabywczej PPS) pomiedzy starymi i nowymi członkami UE. Przedstawiono skale rosnącego ubóstwa w Polsce i zwiekszającego sie rozwarstwienia dochodów (udokumentowane poziomem ilorazu V. i I. kwintyla dochodów gospodarstw domowych i wskaźnikiem Giniego) na tle danych UE, pomimo dodatniego wzrostu PKB. Porównano gospodarstwa domowe w Polsce i UE zwracając uwage na udział energii i paliw w ich wydatkach. Przedstawiono historie rosnących cen nośników energii w euro oraz zwrócono uwage na wyjątkowo wysoki poziom cen energii w Polsce mierzony w jednostkach PPS. Omówiono pojecie ubóstwa energetycznego oraz przedstawiono prognozy wzrostu udziału zakupów energii i paliw w budżetach gospodarstw w świetle dalszych wzrostów ich cen w związku z wdrażaniem pakietu energetyczno-klimatycznego. Skrytykowano posługiwanie sie względnymi progami ubóstwa dochodowego i energetycznego, proponując w zamian bezwzgledne wskaźniki oparte na minimalnym koszyku dóbr niezbednych do przeżycia i minimalnej ilooci energii niezbednej do zapewnienia akceptowalnego standardu ogrzania mieszkania i funkcjonowania gospodarstwa domowego.
Within the historical context of attempting to provide cheap energy to countries of the European Coal and Steel Community, this article presents the negative effects for households of the current EU policy to combat “global warming”. The definition of income poverty is outlined based on a relative threshold of 60% of the households’ disposable income median with the social exclusion indicator adopted by Eurostat. Poland’s place in the poverty hierarchy is presented and compared to other EU countries. The analysis focuses attention on the drastic differences in poverty thresholds (in euro and in purchasing power standard PPS) between old and new EU members. The data shows the scale of increasing poverty and income inequalities in Poland (documented by the ratio of the V. and I. households’ income quintile and the Gini index). It provides a comparison of households in Poland and the EU with attention paid to the share of energy and fuels in household spending. The article also reviews the history of rising energy prices given in euros. It draws attention to the exceptionally high level of energy prices in Poland in PPS. Here, the central concept is the danger of fuel poverty, and forecasts of growth in the share of energy and fuels in the budgets of household expenditures are presented in light of further increases in energy prices due to the implementation of the energy-climate package. The article provides criticism of the use of relative income poverty and energy poverty thresholds. Based on this analysis, the article proposes the use of absolute indicators based on a minimum basket of goods necessary for household survival and the minimum amount of energy needed to ensure an acceptable standard of household heating and normal operation.
Źródło:
Polityka Energetyczna; 2012, 15, 3; 23-50
1429-6675
Pojawia się w:
Polityka Energetyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ubóstwo emerytów w Polsce
Poverty of population 65+ in Poland
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
poverty
income
retirees
Opis:
Selected elements of research on factors affecting the level and quality of life of older people in Poland in comparison to other socio-economic groups are presented in the paper. The attention was focused on the level and diversification of pensioners’ household incomes. The author also referred to the structure and amount of expenditures on consumer goods. Greater flattening of incomes in the investigated group, which results, among others, from the roles taken by today’s seniors, was mentioned as well. The issue of poverty risk and the problem of subjective feeling of poverty were also discussed. It was noticed that the feeling concerning economic situation constituted the most important and the most democratic method of determination of the poor fraction. Therefore, the author referred to diverse questions, which aimed at the determination of the amount of people threatened by poverty and actually living in poverty. The questions that concerned the assessment of seniors’ own economic situation and satisfaction of needs as well as the ones which allowed to confront this situation with living conditions of other persons and social groups, were included in the survey. On this basis, it was noticed that the seniors’ assessments were less unambiguous and put them in position of people having average situation. Those questions were used to answer the problem and aim of research, namely if the seniors in Poland in fact lived on low level, both in objective and subjective dimension and, what influenced their poverty. On this basis, it was noticed that the situation of the investigated group was relatively better than the other professionally active groups. Paradoxes of income situation of pensioners’ households in Poland, which often are a source of livelihood or the situation improvement of entire families, particularly in agriculture and in rural areas, and not as they are commonly believed to be beneficiaries of the assistance only, were indicated. It was noticed that a favorable situation of seniors referred to persons who did not have health problems and did not need care. The unpublished data of the Central Statistical Office concerning budgets of households, which the author received in frames of the research project No UMO-2011/01/B/HS5/01034, financed by the National Science Centre, “Level of life of people with uncertain incomes in Poland” were used in the paper and constitute part of the project.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 1(1); 29-41
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane metody pomiaru cech jakościowych w analizach ubóstwa
Chosen Methods of Measuring Qualitative Characteristics in Poverty Analyses
Autorzy:
Rusnak, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Dochody gospodarstw domowych
Ubóstwo
Wskaźniki ubóstwa
Household income
Poverty
Poverty indicators
Opis:
In classical approach to poverty spheres' analyses - both objective and subjective - one uses poverty indicators that characterize mostly the range and the depth of this phenomenon. One of the most basic aspects in a multivariate approach is to determine these factors that increase the risk of poverty. The main aim of this paper is to characterize the poverty determinants as well as to estimate the risk of households becoming threatened by this phenomenon. Chosen methods of measuring qualitative characteristics will be used to achieve this aim. The second goal of this paper is an attempt at estimating and comparing poverty spheres in regional approach by means of most important poverty indicators. The source of the data in both cases is unidentifiable unitary data from household budget research carried out by CSO in 2008 and made available for academic research.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 133; 20-41
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Growth, Inequalities and Poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the Analysis of Relations and Contexts at a Regional Level)
Autorzy:
Michálek, Anton
Výbošťok, Ján
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
growth
inequalities
income distribution
poverty
Bourguignon model
Opis:
Poverty rate is influenced by numerous factors. The determining ones are economic growth and the distribution of its effects. This article is therefore focused on the analysis of these effects and their relationship, as well as their influence on poverty at a regional level (NUTS 3, ‘kraj’). For the analysis of interactions between growth and distribution in correlation to poverty reduction, the Bourguignon model (the Poverty-Growth-Inequality triangle) and the growth incidence curve (GIC) were used. It was found that economic growth positively influences income inequalities as well as decreases the share of population under the poverty threshold in all regions. However, the development differs across regions. Based on the development and tendencies of the gross domestic product (GDP), income distribution and poverty it is obvious that economically strong regions (or their populations) dealt better with poverty during the crisis period.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2018, 25, 1; 55-74
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial Deepening, Property Rights, and Poverty: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Autorzy:
Singh, Raju Jan
Huang, Yifei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
financial development
poverty alleviation
income distribution
Africa
Opis:
Recent studies on the relationship between financial development and poverty have been inconclusive. Some claim that, by allowing more entrepreneurs to obtain financing, financial development improves the allocation of capital, which has a particularly large impact on the poor. Others argue that it is primarily the rich and politically connected who benefit from improvements in the financial system. This paper looks at a sample of 37 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1992 through 2006. Its results suggest that financial deepening could widen income inequality and increase poverty, if not accompanied by stronger property rights. Similarly, interest rate and lending liberalization alone could be detrimental to the poor without institutional reforms, in particular stronger property rights and wider access to credit information.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2015, 1(3); 130-151
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of Income Diversification among Support Zone Communities of Nigeria National Parks
Autorzy:
Jacob, Daniel Etim
Onadeko, Samuel
Nelson, Imaobong
Shotuyo, Abdul
Ityavyar, James
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
Income diversification
Protected area
Livelihood
Poverty
Nigeria
Opis:
This paper examined determinants of income diversification among households in support zones communities of national parks in Nigeria. This involved the use household data collected through questionnaires administered randomly among 1009 household heads in the study area. The data obtained were analyzed using probability and non-probability statistical analysis such as regression and analysis of variance to test for mean difference between parks. The result obtained indicates that majority of the household heads were male (92.57%0, between the age class of 21 – 40 years (44.90%), had non-formal education (38.16%), were farmers (65.21%), owned land (95.44%), with a household size of 1 – 5 (36.67%) and an annual income range of ₦401,000 - ₦600,000 (24.58%). Mean Simpson index of diversity showed a general low (0.375) level of income diversification among the households. Income, age, off-farm dependence, education, household size and occupation where significant (p<0.01) factors that affected households’ income diversification. The study recommends improvement in the existing infrastructures and social capital in the communities as avenues to improve the livelihood and ensure positive conservation behaviors in the study area.
Źródło:
Economic and Environmental Studies; 2020, 20, 1 (53); 7-23
1642-2597
2081-8319
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Environmental Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional economic integration and its impact on income distribution and the poverty level: The case of the WAEMU zone
Autorzy:
Yameogo, ClaIre E. W.
Omojolaibi, Joseph A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15803879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
economic integration
poverty
income inequality
remittances
WAEMU
PMG
Opis:
This study investigated the influence of regional economic integration (REI) on poverty reduction and the revenue distribution in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) over the period 1994–2018. The second generation panel unit root tests and the Westerlund panel cointegration test were employed for preliminary analysis. The elasticities of the variables were investigated using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach. The results showed that REI reduced income inequality and increased the poverty rate. Moreover, the causal relationship revealed the presence of a bidirectional relationship between REI and poverty. The feedback causal effect operated between REI and remittances, while unidirectional causality runs from REI to income inequality, from economic growth per capita to income inequality, from remittances to poverty, from the control of corruption to income inequality, and from remittances to economic growth. Consequently, the study recommends an easing of governmental regional integration restrictions and provision of subsidies that help to increase the volume of trade and financial development while reducing poverty in the union.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2022, 41, 2; 21-35
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Socioeconomic determinants of income among rural women in Enugu state, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Mukaila, Ridwan
Falola, Abraham
Akanbi, Sheu-Usman Oladipo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
rural women
low-income
poverty
SDG
wellbeing
agriculture
Opis:
Poverty is a global challenge highly concentrated among rural women; thus, women are poorer than their male counterparts. This fact disposes them to a high level of food insecurity, low purchasing power and poor well-being. Understanding the socio-economic factors responsible for the income level of rural women is a prerequisite to boosting their economic status and, in turn, lowering the poverty rate among them. Therefore, this study describes the rural women income and identifies the factors influencing their level of income. Data were collected primarily from 120 rural women and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The study reveals that rural women face a low annual income (USD 626.25) which could dispose them to a high poverty level. Agriculture (practised on a small scale) remains the primary source of income for rural women as it had the largest share (78.8%) of their annual income. Cooperative membership, access to credit facilities and education are the identified socio-economic factors enhancing the yearly income of rural women. At the same time, rural women age and their household size are the inhibiting factors affecting their annual income. To achieve the first Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations, there is a need to support rural women through financial assistance and adult education centres. This would enhance their productivity and income and improve their food security status and well-being.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2021, 62, 4; 363-370
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rekonstrukcja światowego rozkładu dochodów na podstawie minimalnej informacji statystycznej
Reconstruction of world income distribution based on minimal statistical information
Autorzy:
Kot, Stanisław Maciej
Adamkiewicz-Drwiłło, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/433995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
world income distribution
sequential ratio test
inequality
poverty
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to obtain a sample from the world income distribution (WID). We assumed log-logistic form of countries’ income distributions with unit means. This implies that such distributions are fully described by their corresponding Gini indices. Gini estimates came from Deninger-Squire, WID2, and other databases for 119 countries in the years 1990-2005. We generated random sample for every distribution and multiplied its values by GDP/capita. Sample size was controlled by sequential ratio test. The world sample consisted of country samples weighted by population shares. We have found that WID is bimodal with diminishing inequality and poverty during analyzed period.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2013, 11(17); 179-200
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of Income Inequality and the Poverty Rate in Poland, by Region and Family Type
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczak, Alina
Kubacki, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
income inequality
poverty
variance estimation
small area statistics
Opis:
High income inequality can be a source of serious socio-economic problems, such as increasing poverty, social stratification and polarization. Periods of pronounced economic growth or recession may impact different groups of earners differently. Growth may not be shared equally and economic crises may further widen gaps between the wealthiest and poorest sectors. Poverty affects all ages but children are disproportionately affected by it. The reliable inequality and poverty analysis of both total population of households and subpopulations by various family types can be a helpful piece of information for economists and social policy makers. The main objective of the paper was to present some income inequality and poverty estimates with the application to the Polish data coming from the Household Budget Survey. Besides direct estimation methods, the model based approach was taken into regard. Standard errors of estimates were also considered in the paper.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2014, 15, 3; 359-378
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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