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    Tytuł:
    Sea Ice Services in the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Sztobryn, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116094.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Hydrometeorological Aspect
    Baltic Sea
    Sea Ice Services (SIS)
    Ice Service
    Baltic Winter Navigation
    Ice Conditions
    Baltic Sea Ice Code (BSIC)
    Ice Chart
    Opis:
    The Baltic winter navigation depended always very much on the ice conditions in the sea. The sea ice occurs different in form and amount, depending on the sea area and the winter season. As the maritime traffic on the Baltic Sea constitutes a substantial amount in the whole of the Baltic countries transport, Sea Ice Services (SISs) have come into being. They constituted the Baltic Sea Ice Meeting (BSIM) – a body, which assembles the parties, which are interested in warnings against bad ice conditions, and in protection of navigation in ice in the Baltic Sea. An indispensable co-operator to this body was always the company “Baltic Icebreakers”. To-day within the BSIM operate by the SISs of Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany, Netherlands, Norway and the Baltic Icebreakers. The main statutory duties of the SISs is the acquisition, processing and dissemination of actual information on sea ice conditions and on obstructions to navigation due to sea ice. This is done by maintaining observing posts along the coast of those countries, in their ports and approaches to them, by gathering information from ships, from ice beakers, if possible – from reconnaissance flights or satellite images. Routine products of SISs are the ice reports, ice bulletins, ice charts, forecasts and warnings and other information broadcast by mass media, e.g. radio, internet, Navtex and on the national and Baltic SISs’ web sites etc.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 4; 415-420
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ice conditions affecting passage of Polish vessels convoy though the NSR in 1956. Long-term ice forecasts and passage strategies
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    arctic shipping
    ice conditions
    Northern Sea Route (NSR)
    ice forecast
    history of navigation
    passage startegies
    Polish vessels convoy
    ESIMO
    Opis:
    The goal of the study was to examine ice cover conditions that accompanied the passage of convoy of seven Polish vessels from Europe to the Far East in year 1956, which initiated an international commercial shipping transit. Several different sources of information on the state of ice cover in the Arctic were used in this study. Ice conditions (decisive for ability of a merchant vessel or icebreaker to cross the route) during the following navigational seasons in most of the NSR areas showed extremely divergent results - from the most favorable to the most difficult and vice versa. Existing in years 1940-1957 ice cover conditions and shipbuilding technologies did not guarantee a successful transit passage in one navigation season. The Soviet Union used icebreakers that were not able to lead vessels in heavy ice conditions that occurred in 1950s. The NSR Administration used passive strategy ? waiting for improvement of ice conditions - instead of forcing heavy ice. Passive strategy of navigation through the NSR included wintering and continuation of passage next year when ice conditions improved. Annual variability of ice conditions approximated by third degree polynomial line showed trends well. However, the high annual anomalies of ice conditions in relation to trend line did not allow for effective forecasts on particular sections of the NSR in next navigation season.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 1; 101-106
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ice Conditions and Human Factors in Marine Accidents at the Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Marchenko, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117217.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Ice Conditions
    Human Factor
    Arctic Navigation
    Marine Accidents
    Hydrometeorological Aspect
    Accident Data Base
    Accident
    Marine Accidents Classification
    Opis:
    All activities in the Arctic are conducted near the limit of technological opportunities and human abilities. But the drain of resources in the areas convenient for development obliges us to look at this severe polar region. The main objectives of the PetroArctic project (offshore and coastal technology for petroleum production and transport from arctic water) as a part of PETROMAX and MarSafe project (Marine Safety Management) are to obtain and provide information for safety of Arctic operation such as hydrocarbons production and transport from Polar seas. One of the tasks is a collection of ice pilot experiences from the people involved in the Arctic activities to learn how they felt in these conditions, how they solved difficult tasks and managed the ice. Items of special interest are connected to lost vessels and other marine accidents. Appreciable amount of written documentation and interviews have been processed and organized into a data base of marine accidents in Russian Arctic since 1900. It includes a set of maps where the locations of the accidents are shown with a description of the accidents (date, geographical environment, vessel type, what happened and how the people acted, etc). This paper includes the map for Kara Sea and descriptions of several accidents in the eastern part of Arctic as example of different situations, as well as the principles of the data base construction and accidents classification.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 4; 409-414
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A case study of the wind impact on ship ice-sticking
    Autorzy:
    Rjazin, J.
    Pärn, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117177.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    case study
    ice navigation
    ship ice-stickin
    gulf of Finland
    wind Impact
    ice
    hydro-meteorological conditions
    ferry
    Opis:
    In the paper, the impact of wind on a ferry sailing in ice field is described and analysed. Two ice-sticking events on the Gulf of Finland are taken for the case study. The wind, especially its direction, is stated as an important factor to entrap a vessel in the ice. The wind blowing across the vessel longitude axis caused both the ships to stick.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 4; 583-585
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Substratum morphology and significance during the Weichselian Odra ice lobe advance in northeast Germany and northwest Poland
    Autorzy:
    Hermanowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94320.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    ice stream
    last Scandinavian Ice Sheet
    subglacial conditions
    kriging
    strumień lodowy
    lądolód skandynawski
    warunki subglacjalne
    Opis:
    In the Polish Lowlands, three main ice lobes, referred to as Odra, Vistula and Mazury, formed during the Last Scandinavian Glaciation. These lobes protruded at least several kilometres beyond the main ice margin and it is believed that they represent terminal parts of the ice streams. Applied geostatistical analysis based on numerous geological data has allowed an approximate reconstruction of the Odra ice lobe substratum in the area of northwest Poland and northeast Germany. A spatial representation of the Odra lobe substratum clearly illustrates the adverse slope of the glacier bed, but also indicates areas morphologically prone to ice streaming. It is suggested that the ice took advantage of local topography that enabled advance out of the Baltic basin; consequently, the ice followed a topographic low which, in combination with favourable hydraulic conditions of its substratum, likely initiated ice streaming.
    Źródło:
    Geologos; 2015, 21, 4; 241-248
    1426-8981
    2080-6574
    Pojawia się w:
    Geologos
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Meteorological conditions on Kaffiøyra (NW Spitsbergen) in 2013–2017 and their connection with atmospheric circulation and sea ice extent
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, Marek
    Sobota, Ireneusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041853.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Arctic
    Svalbard
    climate change
    weather conditions
    synoptic situations
    sea ice cover
    Źródło:
    Polish Polar Research; 2019, 40, 3; 175-204
    0138-0338
    2081-8262
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Polar Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Basal till and subglacial conditions at the base of the Upper Odra Lobe (southern Poland) during the Odranian Glaciation
    Autorzy:
    Salamon, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060468.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    till
    subglacial conditions
    ice-sheet dynamics
    Upper Odra Lobe
    Pleistocene
    Southern Poland
    Opis:
    The objective of this contribution is detail characteristics of the basal till and the conditions in the base of Upper Odra Lobe. The lobe was formed in a foremountain area. Its central part was a Niemodlin Plain and the W part of the Racibórz Basin, surrounded by areas that have a much more varied relief.Particular attention is paid to the conditions at the ice sheet base, generatingthe dynamics ofglaciermovement. The study is based on analysis of the basal till. Three sites with basal till lying on different types of substratum (more typical for the study area) are presented. The basal till of the Upper Odra Lobe is characterized by spatial variations. Different intensities of its deformation indicate that large lateral differences in conditions occurred in the lobe substratum. The lithology controlled the rate of basal water pressure, and thus the strength of both the subglacial sediments and the ice-bed coupling. Various strain rates in the till profiles indicate that the conditions at the ice-sheet base also changed with time. The ice sheet was highly mobile, even on the coarse-grained substratum. The low permeability of the Quaternary substratum, and the relatively small thickness of the Quaternary sands and gravels resulted in a high water pressure at the ice-sheet base. The movement of the Upper Odra Lobe was concentrated in the basal zone of the ice sheet. The main mechanism of basal motion was sliding and deformation of the subglacial sediments. Deformation probably occurred in restricted areas and did not have a pervasive character.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2014, 58, 4; 779--794
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza struktury i czasu trwania zjawisk lodowych na Warcie na tle warunków termicznych w okresie 1991-2010
    The analysis of the structure and duration of ice phenomena on the Warta river in relation to thermic conditions in the years 1991–2010
    Autorzy:
    Graf, R.
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Jawgiel, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338625.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    pokrywa lodowa
    rzeka Warta
    temperatura powietrza
    termika wód
    zjawiska lodowe
    air temperature
    ice cover
    ice phenomena
    Warta River
    water thermal conditions
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy struktury i czasu trwania zjawisk lodowych na Warcie w latach 1991–2010. Przebieg zjawisk lodowych został opisany na tle zmian temperatury powietrza i wody oraz wskaźnika Oscylacji Północnoatlantyckiej (NAO). Określono formy zjawisk lodowych występujących na Warcie w poszczególnych cyklach jej zlodzenia. Zinterpretowano również zmienność temperatury wody w okresie zimowym i jej wpływ na liczbę dni ze zjawiskami lodowymi. W analizie zjawisk lodowych uwzględniono: charakter odcinka rzeki, na którym prowadzono obserwacje oraz stopień antropopresji, wyrażający się przekształceniem koryta rzecznego, wpływem urbanizacji w strefach większych ośrodków miejskich oraz oddziaływaniem zbiornika Jeziorsko. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyznaczono ogólną tendencję w zmienności zjawisk lodowych występujących na rzece, a także określono przyczyny zróżnicowania struktury zjawisk w ujęciu regionalnym. Stwierdzono związek pomiędzy przebiegiem i częstością zjawisk lodowych a warunkami termicznymi i fazami NAO.
    The article presents the results of the analysis of the structure and duration of ice phenomena on the Warta River. The course of ice phenomena has been described against the background of air and water temperature, and North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) changes including. The forms of ice phenomena, exist on the Warta River in particular cycles of its icing, were determined. The variability of the water temperature in winter and its impact on the number of days with ice phenomena on the river has been taken into consideration. The analysis of ice phenomena has taken into account the nature of the section of the river on which observations were made, the scale of anthropopressure affecting the transformation of the riverbed, the impact of urbanization in the zones of larger urban centers and the influence of the Jeziorsko Reservoir. On the basis of the conducted research, a general tendency was determined for the variability of ice phenomena occurring on the river. Reasons for the differentiation of the structure of ice phenomena on a regional basis were determined. The results show in detail the connection between the course and frequency of ice phenomena and other hand thermal conditions and NAO phases.
    Źródło:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2018, 18, 4; 5-28
    1642-8145
    Pojawia się w:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekonstrukcja zmian paleośrodowiskowych w eemskich zagłębieniach bezodpływowych przedpola lądolodu ostatniego zlodowacenia na przykładzie stanowiska Stara Maryśka II (Północne Mazowsze, Polska Centralna)
    Paleoenvironmental changes reconstruction in the Eemian kettle holes of the last ice sheet glaciation foregrounds on the example of the Stara Maryśka II site (Northern Mazovia, Central Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Rychel, Joanna
    Sieradz, Dominika
    Massalska, Barbara
    Standzikowski, Karol
    Wasiluk, Radosław
    Woronko, Barbara
    Nawrocki, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204542.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    późny plejstocen
    zagłębienie bezodpływowe
    warunki peryglacjalne
    maksymalny zasięg lądolodu zlodowacenia Wisły
    Late Pleistocene
    kettle hole
    periglacial conditions
    palaeoenvironmental changes
    maximum limit of the Weichselian (Vistulian) ice sheet
    Opis:
    Odsłonięta w stanowisku Stara Maryśka II sukcesja osadowa obejmuje górną część interglacjału eemskiego po zlodowacenie wisły. Na podstawie ciągłości zapisu palinologicznego w osadach wypełniających zbiornik odtworzony został przebieg zmian klimatu i środowiska w okresie późnego plejstocenu (MIS5e-MIS2). Wyniki datowań metodą OSL pozwoliły wyróżnić okresy funkcjonowania warstwy czynnej wieloletniej zmarzliny podczas zlodowacenia wisły (MIS4- -MIS2), która jest wyznacznikiem warunków peryglacjalnych panujących przed czołem lądolodu. Oznaczony został również czas formowania się wydm w rejonie stanowiska.
    The sedimentary succession exposed in Stara Maryśka II site includes last part of Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) to Late Weichselian (MIS2) deposits. On the base of the palynological record in the paleo-lake, the climate and environmental changes during MIS 5e were reconstructed. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of the sands pseudomorphoses of ice wegdes made it possible to distinguish periods of increased aeolian activity during the Weichselian glaciation.
    Źródło:
    Landform Analysis; 2022, 41; 53--68
    1429-799X
    Pojawia się w:
    Landform Analysis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sekularne i ekstremalne procesy erozji wodnej gleb na Pojezierzu Drawskim
    Secular and extreme soil erosion processes in the Drawskie Lakeland
    Autorzy:
    Majewski, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/295194.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    gleba
    erozja wodna
    proces sekularny
    proces ekstremalny
    Pojezierze Drawskie
    warunki meteorologiczne
    rzeźba terenu
    litologia
    temperatura powietrza
    opady atmosferyczne
    klimat
    pokrywa śnieżna
    przemarznięcie gruntu
    soil
    water erosion
    secular process
    extreme process
    Drawskie Lakeland
    meteorological conditions
    relief of the terrain
    lithology
    air temperature
    precipitation
    climate
    ice sheets
    Opis:
    Soil erosion by water is one of the most important factors affecting contemporary landscape changes within the lowland geoecosystems in Central Europe. Soil erosion by water mainly depends on: rainfalls (especially its intensity and erosivity), length of slope and its inclination, type of cultivation and usage of land, anti-erosion treatments and susceptibility of soils to erosion. The aim of conducted research was to evaluate conditioning and magnitude of secular and extreme soil erosion processes in the Drawsko Lakeland with special considering of rainfall erosivity index (EI30). The main goal was realised through several research tasks. The first task involved examination of surface runoff and slope wash conditionings, course and quantity in the testing plot located within the Chwalimski Potok catchment. The second task was related to evaluate rainfall impact to soil erosion by water processes. It was realised by computation rainfall characteristics: intensity, kinetic energy and erosivity. In order to assess secular and extreme soil erosion impact to land relief changes, research were provided with additional details by conducting three field experiments with simulated rainfall. Stationary observation and quantitative researches of soil erosion (at testing plots) have been conducting within the Chwalimski Brook catchment for three hydrological years (2012–2014). The slope with the test area is located within the 1st order catchment being a subsystem of the Młynski Brook catchment and then followed by the upper Parsęta catchment. This area covers 4.8 hectares and is characterised by short slopes with small height variances up to 10 meters. Historically, the area was covered with agricultural crops, currently they cover about 10% of the area. The slope is covered with gleyic retisols and its average inclination is about 4 degrees with its south-east exposure. The measuring system of soil erosion covered 5 testing plots with different agricultural use (bare fallow, meadow, potatoes, spring and winter crops). Plots are 42 metres long and 4 metres width. In the bottom edge of each plot catchers with volume of 800 dm3 were installed. In this research, only data from black fallow were considered. Such tillage is recognised as a standard in soil erosion studies. Two experiments have been conducted in this testing plot. The third one has been conducted on slope located within an area of undulated morainic plateau in the Kłuda catchment. The slope is characterised by greater height variances than in Chwalimski Brook catchment. The slope, where the experiment has been conducted, is situated within local closed depression and is covered by sands underlain by boulder clay. Its average slope is about 10° with its southwest exposure. Although annual precipitation in the three-year measurement period was comparable with mean value from multi-year period (1987–2014), its intensity and erosivity were distinguishably lower. Such rainfall conditions are not favourable for extreme soil erosion by water processes, thus any relief forms from such geomorphological processes were not observed in the Drawsko Lakeland. Due to lack of that kind of forms, in 2013 and 2014, three field experiments were conducted. The main aim of experiments was to evaluate the impact of high intensity rainfall on soil surface. The first experiment consisted of 5, the second and the third of 4 rainfall simulations. The rainfall was created by using a purpose-built rain simulator, consisting of 3 and 6 sprinklers placed around the testing plot. Despite the slope inclination in the Kłuda catchment was 2.5 times steeper than Chwalimski Potok’s slope, surface runoff attained smaller volume, because of remarkably higher infiltration rate. In 2012–2014, surface runoff and soil loss has occurred 8 times each year. The maximal monthly surface runoff volume was registered in February 2012, and it equalled 10.1 dm3 m−2 and the maximal soil loss value was registered in May 2013 and equalled 3,198 kg ha−1. Annual runoff volumes were between 31.2 dm3 m−2 in 2012 and 38.8 dm3 m−2 in 2013, whereas annual soil loss values ranged from 740 kg ha−1 in 2012 to 5,700 kg ha−1 in 2013. Soil erosion values caused by simulated rainfall during field experiments were similar or significantly higher than annual values. Surface runoff was between 31.2 dm3 m−2 in the first experiment and 34.2 dm3 m−2 in the second one, whilst soil loss was between 4,632 kg ha−1 and 8,637 kg ha−1. The achieved experiment results have been compared with soil erosion rate achieved from stationary observations. The results show that runoff and soil loss considerably increase during rainfalls with high amount, intensity and erosivity. Furthermore, individual extreme erosive events may exceed annual (secular) soil erosion processes. Conducted stationary research indicates that annual soil erosion primarily depends on individual rainfall and erosive events, which considerably exceed mean values. In order to evaluate the soil susceptibility to erosion by water in the Drawsko Lakeland, high resolution potential and actual soil erosion risk maps were prepared. The qualitative assessment of soil erosion risk was based on geoinformation technologies. The model considers following conditions affecting the size of soil erosion: slope steepness and aspect, topographic factor LS (unit upslope contributing area), lithology, rainfall erosivity (Modified Fournier Index calculated from monthly and annual precipitation data) and land use and land cover from Corine Land Cover 2006. To prepare the map of potential soil erosion risk, land use from Corine Land Cover was not considered. Thematic maps have been reclassified into a 4-degree division. The results of the soil erosion risk assessment in the Drawsko Lakeland reveal the fact that a majority of its area is characterized by moderate or low erosion risk levels. Areas with high erosion risk are mostly located in the northern part of the Lakeland. The achieved results from stationary observations and field experiments may indicate that the soil loss magnitude significantly increases during rainfall with higher intensity, greater totals and accumulated in time rainfall events. This may confirm the high potential of soil erosion by water processes of above- -average magnitude and intensity in the discharge of material from agricultural used slopes.
    Źródło:
    Landform Analysis; 2020, 39; 1-106
    1429-799X
    Pojawia się w:
    Landform Analysis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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