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Tytuł:
Influence of hydrate formation and concentration of salts on the corrosion of steel 20 pipelines
Autorzy:
Poberezhny, Lubomyr
Chudyk, Ihor
Hrytsanchuk, Andrii
Mandryk, Oleg
Kalyn, Tetyana
Hrytsuliak, Halyna
Yakymechko, Yaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
chloride media
formation water
internal hydrate corrosion
hydrate formation
Opis:
One of the ways to increase natural gas production is to conserve and/or intensify existing wells with their subsequent development. They are characterized by a high content of highly mineralized water, which leads to an increased risk of hydrate formation and internal corrosion. The issue of the formation of gas hydrates in industrial pipelines, which is a major problem for the exploitation of industrial gas pipelines, requires considerable attention to be made to exclude emergency situations. The main task of the study – to determine the effect of hydrates on the corrosion of the pipeline in order to prevent emergencies. A technique for studying the effect of hydration on the corrosion of pipelines has been developed. The combined analysis of the corrosion behavior of pipe material in aggressive media of chloride type was done. According to the results of corrosion-mechanical tests, regularities of joint action of mechanical stresses, concentration of chlorides and hydrate formation on the speed and localization of corrosion processes are established.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2020, 3 (28); 141-147
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The outlook for the use of pseudopolymorphic solvates in energetic materials
Autorzy:
Lempert, D. B.
Chukanov, N. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358246.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
γ-HMX hydrate
α-CL-20 hydrate
propellant
ballistic efficiency
density
Opis:
An analysis of the ballistic characteristics of propellants based on energetic pseudopolymorphic solvates has been performed. It is shown that the ballistic efficiency of solid composite propellants containing γ-HMX or α-CL-20 can be improved considerably by means of the introduction of small molecules into the structural cavities present in the crystal structures of these polymorphs. This effect may appear when small molecules (e.g. water, hydrazine, ethanol) enter into the crystal structure of the main component with no changes in the lattice parameters of the latter.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 285-294
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gas Hydrate Detection Based on High Resolution Seismic Data in the Southeastern Offshore of Vietnam
Autorzy:
Mai, Thanh Tan
Mai, Thanh Ha
Nguyen, Quoc Huy
Nguyen, Nhu Trung
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
gas hydrate
high resolution seismic
Gas Hydrate Stability Zones/GHSZ
Bottom Simulated Reflector/BSR
gaz
sejsmika
hydratacja
Opis:
Gas hydrates are the accumulations of methane (natural gas) trapped in ice-like structures with water. Gas hydrates represent an immense energy resource underlying large portions of the world’s marine continental shelves. Vietnam has a large continental shelf area, in the deep water zone with suitable low temperatures and high pressure, which is suitable for the formation and existence of potential energy source of Gas Hydrate (GH). The application of High-Resolution Seismic method (HRS) plays an important role in exploring for Gas Hydrate. The enhancement of HRS research such as optimal short - reception conditions and advanced data processing suitable for Gas Hydrate in shallow layers below the seafloor, allows for determining the geological factors related to Gas Hydrate’s existence in the deep water area. Advancements in data processing technology, such as noise filters (Radon, F-K, SRMA, Tau-P..), seismic attributes analysis, seismic migration, AVO, seismic inversion, pre-stack seismic data and AI technology … allow to identify of the signs of Gas Hydrate presence, such as Bottom Simulated Reflector (BSR), Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHSZ), Pockmark, Chimney, etc. This paper presents some of the results obtained from applying High-Resolution Seismic method to predict the distribution of Gas hydrate in the Southeastern offshore of Vietnam.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2023, 2; 137--142
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of toluene sulfonic acid isomers
Autorzy:
Jarrahian, A.
Heidaryan, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
natural gas hydrate
hydrotrope
toluene sulfonic acid
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of the hydrotrope Toluene Sulfonic Acid (TSA) isomers as an additive. The capabilities of TSA isomers were measured with different concentrations. The optimum additive concentration for hydrate formation was determined for the given pressure, temperature, mixing condition, and cooling time. The natural gas hydrate promotability of para-TSA was found to be 20% and 35% more than meta-TSA and ortho-TSA respectively at the optimum concentration. Beyond the optimum TSA concentration, the hydrate formation declined as the ice formation reduced the overall gas-to-water volume ratio in the hydrates.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 1; 97-102
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methane hydrate technologies in Ukraine: research and prospects
Autorzy:
Zhuk, H.
Pyatnichko, O.
Krushnevich, V.
Fedorenko, D.
Klymenko, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
methane hydrate
transport of natural gas
methane production
alternative fuel sources
carbon dioxide capture and storage
hydrate test stand
Ukraine
Opis:
Abstract Methane production from natural gas hydrates will enable the reduction of a great part of natural gas import deliveries and to give up them completely in the future. Gas hydrate technologies compared with existing ones, also gives the possibility to transport gas, divide gas and liquid mixtures, concentrate water solutions, utilize and store СО2, etc. with greater efficiency. However, methane production technologies have not developed industrially and their study was performed with the help of experimental units and in separate gas hydrates deposits in the mode of tests and elaborations. The prospects of the hydrate technologies development in the Ukraine were determined: transportation of natural gas in the form of hydrates, long-term storage of natural gas in hydrate state, natural gas production from its hydrate deposits. Positive international experience in terms of the development of hydrate technology is studied. In order to study formation and dissociation hydrates of carbon dioxide and natural gas components, Gas Institute have made hydrate stand facility. The express method of determining thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of hydrate transformation was tested. Natural gas hydrates as well as carbon dioxide hydrates were produced with the help of the express method. It was determined that the composition of original natural gas and gas of hydrates decomposition is of great difference – it means that “selective” hydrates formation of natural gas formation is performed.A set of experiments was also performed to study the process of methane replacement with the help of carbon dioxide. According to the gaseous phase analysis, 14% increase of methane content was fixed. This fact proves its replacement in hydrates with the help of carbon dioxide.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2016, 33, 4; 811-818
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrowersje związane z powstawaniem chloralu w wodzie dezynfekowanej chlorem
Controversies about the appearance of chloral hydrate in drinking water disinfected with chlorine
Autorzy:
Dąbrowska, A.
Nawrocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
chlor
chloral
trihalometany
aldehydy
chlorine
chloral hydrate
trihalomethanes
aldehyde
Opis:
Wśród produktów ubocznych dezynfekcji wody chlorem, obok dobrze rozpoznanych trihalometanów (THM) i kwasów halooctowych (HAA), pojawiać się może także chloral (trichloroacetaldehyd - CH). Powstaje on w wyniku reakcji chloru z substancjami organicznymi naturalnie obecnymi w wodzie (NOM). Zgodnie z wytycznymi WHO, obecność chloralu (CH) w wodach przeznaczonych do spożycia powinna być kontrolowana i nie przekraczać 10 mg/m3. W pracy omówiono wpływ procesów oczyszczania wody na powstawanie chloralu. Wody pochodzenia naturalnego chlorowano różnymi dawkami chloru i stwierdzono wyraźną korelację pomiędzy ilością powstającego chloralu a dawką chloru i czasem jego kontaktu substancjami organicznymi zawartymi w wodzie. Tworzenie się chloralu zachodziło tak długo, jak długo chlor był obecny w wodzie. Produktywność CH nie zależała głównie od ilości ogólnego węgla organicznego (OWO), ale od rodzaju substancji organicznych. Wyższą zawartość CH zaobserwowano w warunkach zasadowych przy pH>7. Zaobserwowano również wysoką korelację (R2>0,9) pomiędzy zawartością chloralu i chloroformu w chlorowanej wodzie. Wykazano, że proces wstępnego ozonowania wyraźnie zwiększył zawartość CH w wodzie, a proces biofiltracji nie usuwał całkowicie prekursorów CH. Wydajność procesu biofiltracji była silnie związana z czasem kontaktu wody ze złożem. Zastosowana w pracy analityka chloralu, z ekstrakcją eterem metylowo-tert-butylowym (MTBE) i rozdziałem na chromatografie gazowym z selektywnym detektorem wychwytu elektronów (GC/ECD), pozwoliła osiągnąć próg detekcji na poziomie 0,05 mg/m3.
Besides trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), chloral hydrate (CH) is another prevalent disinfection by-product (DBP) in drinking water, formed as a result of the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter (NOM). According to WHO guidelines, the presence of CH in drinking water should be monitored, and CH concentrations must not exceed 10 mg/m3. The present study addresses the problem of how water treatment processes induce CH formation. Natural waters were chlorinated with different chlorine doses, and an undisputed correlation was observed between the quantity of the CH formed, the chlorine dose applied and the time of contact with the organic substances that were present in the water being treated. The formation of CH continued as long as chlorine was available in the water. The quantity of the total organic carbon (TOC) was not the main contributory factor in the productivity of CH; there was another major contributing factor: the nature of the organic matter. An increased content of CH was observed under alkaline conditions (pH>7). A high correlation (R2>0.9) was found to occur between the content of chloral hydrate and that of chloroform in the water subjected to chlorination. It was demonstrated that the pre-ozonation process brought about a notable increase in the CH content and that the biofiltration process failed to provide a complete removal of the CH precursors. The efficiency of the biofiltration process was strongly influenced by the time of water-biofilter contact. The methods used for the analysis of CH (extraction with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and separation by a gas chromatograph with a selective electron capture detector (GC/ECD)) made it possible to attain the detection limit of 0.05 mg/m3.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2007, R. 29, nr 4, 4; 35-40
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gidratoobrazovanie v gazovom ezhektore
Hydrate formation in gas ejector
Autorzy:
Red'ko, A.
Babenko, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/78261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
hydrate formation
gas ejector
energy loss
humidity
operating environment
Źródło:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2014, 16, 6
1730-8658
Pojawia się w:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of admixtures on the course of hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate
Autorzy:
Grzmil, B.
Grela, D.
Kic, B.
Podsiadły, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
dwutlenek tytanu
hydroliza
hydrate titanium dioxide
hydrolysis
titanyl sulfate
admixtures
Opis:
The study focused on the question how admixtures, such as iron(II), iron(III), magnesium and aluminium salts influence the degree of TiOSO4 conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide (HTD). Titanyl sulfate solution, an intermediate product in the industrial preparation of titanium dioxide pigments by sulfate route was used. The admixtures were added to the solution and their concentration was gradually changed. It was found that hydrolysis clearly depended on Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations. The higher the concentration of iron(II) (up to 5 wt %) in the solution was, the higher conversion degree was achieved. A reverse relationship was observed concerning the influence of iron(III) introduced up to 1.5 wt %. The constant rates of both phases of titanyl sulfate hydrolysis (including the formation of an intermediate colloidal TiO2 and final products) depended on iron(II) and iron(III) content in the solution. The concentration of other constituents did not influence hydrolysis in the investigated part of the process (up to 2.6 wt % of Mg and up to 0.3 wt % of Al). However, the size of primary particles of the obtained TiO2źnH2O did not depend on the content of the above-mentioned constituents in the solution.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2008, 10, 3; 4-12
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of processing parameters on hydrolysis of TiOSO4
Autorzy:
Grzmil, B.
Grela, D.
Kic, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
dwutlenek tytanu
hydroliza
siarczan tytanylu
hydrate titanium dioxide
hydrolysis
titanyl sulfate
Opis:
The influence of both TiOSO4 concentrations in the starting solution and a way of conducting hydrolysis on the degree of titanyl sulphate conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide were studied. Titanyl sulphate solution, an intermediate product in the commercial preparation of titanium dioxide pigments by sulphate method, was used. The continuous method of conducting hydrolysis was applied using one or two reactors connected in series. It was found that the degree of hydrolysis markedly depends on the studied parameters. It was also found that TiOSO4 hydrolysis using the continuous method should be conducted: i) at a possibly low concentration of free sulfuric acid in the solution and; ii) in two or more rectors connected in series.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2009, 11, 3; 15-21
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of the stability of methane hydrates in normal conditions
Autorzy:
Pavlenko, A.
Koshlak, V.
Vytyaz, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
storage of gas
gas hydrates
hydrate błock
thermal conductivity
forcibly preservation
equilibrium conditions
Opis:
The problems of accumulation, transport and storage of gases and gas mixtures exist in many cases. Often the existent technologies appear ineffective for transporting his with pipelines, as condensate or compressed gas. Therefore, the transportation and storage of gas in hydrate form can be an alternative to traditional technologies. Preservation of gas hydrate blocks can store them for some time at the no equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic parameters of forcibly conservation of gas hydrate blocks theoretically are determined and experimentally verified.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2014, 31, 4; 495-505
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gas hydrates impact on corrosion of the well flow lines material
Autorzy:
Poberezhny, L.
Hrytsanchyk, A.
Mandryk, O.
Poberezhna, L.
Popovych, P.
Shevchuk, O.
Mishchuk, B.
Rudyak, Yu.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
gas hydrate
oil and gas region
corrosion-mechanical tests
influence of hydrate formation
inner pipe corrosion
hydraty gazowe
region ropy i gazu
badania korozyjno-mechaniczne
wpływ tworzenia się hydratów
korozja rur wewnętrznych
Opis:
Purpose: Determination of regularities of joint action of mechanical stresses, formation water and hydrate formation on corrosion of material of flow pipelines. Design/methodology/approach: According to the analysis of reservoir water of the investigated deposits, it was found that the main corrosive component is soluble chlorides. Proposed for corrosion and corrosion-mechanical tests of 6 model environments. An estimation of the influence of stress concentration, depending on the defects of the inner wall of the pipe, was carried out, and the nominal local stresses in the pipeline was carried. Findings: The basic regularities of influence of stress and hydration formation on corrosion and localization of corrosion processes and on the kinetics of deformation of samples are described. For samples made of steel 20 and 17GS, an increase in the velocity of general and local corrosion for samples sustained in the gas hydrate was observed compared to the control results obtained, the coefficient of influence of the gas hydrate on corrosion was calculated. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results are valid for thermobaric operating conditions of well flow lines. Practical implications: The data obtained in the work on the patterns of corrosion processes and the impact of hydrate formation on them will allow to identify potentially dangerous areas of flow lines and prevent emergencies. Originality/value: Based on the analysis of the geometric dimensions of the defects, the effective stress concentration coefficients are calculated, and it is shown that the stresses in the vicinity of corrosion defects in normal operating modes range from 164 to 545 MPa.
Źródło:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2021, 110, 1; 5--17
1897-2764
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technology for development of methane-hydrate deposits jointly with receiving fresh water
Autorzy:
Denysov, Y.
Klymenko, V.
Martynenko, V.
Rybicki, Cz.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298671.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
gas hydrates
gas hydrate deposit
methane
carbon dioxide
fresh water
exergy efficiency
economic efficiency
Opis:
The technology of development of bottom gas-hydrate deposits, which allows to receive fresh water simultaneously with methane, is presented. Principal schemes are presented and methods of operation of dualpurpose plants implementing this technology and described on the basis of the methods of gas production from methane hydrates that are most prepared for practical implementation: 1) injection of warm water into the well; 2) depressive effect on the deposit; 3) replacement of methane in hydrates with carbon dioxide injected into the reservoir. The magnitude of the decrease in temperature with the depression effect on the deposit is determined. It is shown that, the amount of fresh water obtained in dual-purpose plants operating with the replacement of methane in hydrates with carbon dioxide is proportional to the coefficient of the recycling rate of CO2. For the considered schemes of dual-purpose plants, processes of decomposition of methane hydrates in the gas-hydrate formation are analyzed, an exergic efficiency estimation is performed. Such installations. The economic efficiency of a single-purpose and dual-purpose gas-producing units operating according to an approved method of depression is considered. It is shown that the most effective are dual-purpose facilities operating using the method of methane replacement in hydrates with carbon dioxide, and the coefficients of economic efficiency of dual-purpose installations are at least 1.2 times higher than similar coefficients of single-purpose gas production facilities.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 2; 531-542
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developing measures to eliminate of hydrate formation in underground gas storages
Autorzy:
Volovetskyi, V. B.
Doroshenko, Ya. V.
Bugai, A. O.
Kogut, G. M.
Raiter, P. M.
Femiak, Y. M.
Bondarenko, R. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
well
flowline
hydrate formation
local constraint
regulating choke
studnia
powstawanie hydratów
współczynnik ograniczenia
dławik
Opis:
Purpose The objective of this article is the analysys of methods for preventing and eliminating hydrates formations, classifying them and choosing the best ones for use in underground gas storage facilities. Comprehensive measures for the stable operation of gas storage facilities in the presence of conditions for the occurrence of hydrates formations were developed. Zones, being potentially prone to the hydrates formation during the gas storage facilities operation were identified. Design/methodology/approach The operational parameters of gas storage wells during gas withdrawal are analyzed. The identified wells were operated under difficult conditions due to the deposition of hydrates on the wellheads, in flowlines and process equipment of gas storage facilities. The places of the highest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. Hydrate-prone zones were identified by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling at the location of regulating choke installations in underground gas storage facilities. Findings The zones of the greatest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. The analysis of the methods used in gas storage facilities of Ukraine to prevent and eliminate hydrates formation was out. A set of measures was proposed to prevent the hydrates formation in storage facilities to ensure their stable operation. Based on the Euler approach (Mixture model) by CFD modeling, zones prone to hydrates formation were determined at the installation site of regulating chokes in underground gas storages. The influence of the degree of fittings opening on the location of potential zones prone to hydrates formation was estimated. The gas-dynamic processes in the internal cavity of the gas pipeline at the installation site of the control fittings were studied and their influence on the distribution of bulk particles of the gaseous and liquid phases was established. Based on the studies performed, it was recommended to change periodically the mode of well operation for a certain time by opening or closing the regulating choke under favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates, especially at low ambient temperatures. Research limitations/implications The obtained results of experimental studies and calculations showed that in order to solve the problem of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities, it is advisable to use diverse measures through the introduction of modern intelligent systems for monitoring and controlling the technological process. Further refinement of the algorithm of the proposed monitoring and control system with its approbation in production was provided. Practical implications The results of the experimental studies and CFD modeling carried out allowed providing a more reasonable approach to the application of various available methods and measures to prevent hydrates formation in underground gas storage facilities. This approach made it possible to develop new effective ways and measures to prevent such complication. Originality/value Based on the conducted experimental studies and modeling, the major zones prone to hydrates formation in underground gas storages were determined. The developed measures will allow timely detection and prevention of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities are original.
Źródło:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2022, 111, 2; 64--77
1734-8412
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for the development of hydrate storage and transportation technology of methane gas
Autorzy:
Pavlenko, A.
Koshlak, H.
Vytyaz, O.
Rybicki, Cz.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
gas hydrate
jet apparatus
free falling jet
continuous cycle of production
coagulation
heat of gas hydration
Opis:
The gas hydrate tecłmologies can be alternative to the traditional methods of the rational use of hydrocarbon gases. However the known constructions of apparatuses for the production of gas hydrates cannot satisfy the condition of their industrial use fully. Authors offer to carry out the high-quality contact of gas and water at formation of gas hydrate by jet apparatuses with a free falling jet. On their basis a technological chart is offered for realization of continuous cycle of production of gas hydrate. The aim is to develop technical solutions and process parameters of continuous production of gas hydrates, which would satisfy the requirements of industrial application
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2015, 32, 1; 13-21
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrazyna : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Hydrazine : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)
Autorzy:
Jakubowski, M.
Kupczewska-Dobecka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/137809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
hydrazyna
siarczan hydrazyny
wodzian hydrazyny
narażenie zawodowe
NDS
hydrazine
hydrazine sulfate
hydrazine hydrate
occupational exposure
MAC
Opis:
Hydrazyna jest cieczą, stosowaną w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. Jak oszacowano, w Polsce, w 2011 r., w warunkach narażenia na hydrazynę i jej sole zatrudnionych było około 2000 osób. Związek ten wykazuje silne działanie drażniące oczy, skórę i drogi oddechowe. Hydrazyna została zaklasyfikowana do kategorii 1.B jako substancja rakotwórcza. Jej działanie rakotwórcze udowodniono na podstawie wyników badań na zwierzętach. Skutkiem narażenia były łagodne i złośliwe nowotwory: jamy nosa, płuc i wątroby. Brak jest jednoznacznych dowodów działania rakotwórczego dla ludzi. W Polsce obowiązuje dla hydrazyny wartość NDS 0,05 mg/m3 i wartość NDSCh 0,1 mg/m3. W ACGIH zaproponowano wartość TLV 0,013 mg/m3. W SCOEL nie ustalono wartości normatywnych, ponieważ uznano, że właściwym skutkiem oceny toksycznego działania hydrazyny jest działanie rakotwórcze i genotoksyczne, a ocena możliwego działania dla ludzi nie jest możliwa ze względu na istnienie różnic międzygatunkowych w działaniu rakotwórczym związku na górne drogi oddechowe. W Unii Europejskiej proponuje się wartość wiążącą BOELV 0,013 mg/m3. Na podstawie wyników badań eksperymentalnych na zwierzętach wykazano, że narządem krytycznym w wyniku narażenia na hydrazynę jest wątroba. Do ustalenia wartości NDS wykorzystano wyniki badań – przewlekłego narażenia inhalacyjnego chomików syryjskich na hydrazynę. Skutkiem krytycznym było działanie hepatotoksyczne: skrobiawica, hemosyderoza i rozrost przewodów żółciowych. Wartość LOAEL przyjęto na poziomie 0,332 mg/m3. Wyliczono wartość NDS 0,014 mg/m3 oraz, ze względu na działanie drażniące związku, ustalono wartość NDSCh 0,042 mg/m3, wraz z oznakowaniem: Carc. 1.B (substancja rakotwórcza kategorii 1.B), „Skóra” oraz „I” (substancja drażniąca). Po dyskusji i głosowaniu na 77. posiedzeniu Międzyresortowej Komisji ds. NDS i NDN w dniu 14.01.2015 r. przyjęto stężenie 0,013 mg/m3 za wartość NDS hydrazyny – wartość wiążącą, przyjętą przez ACSH – a wartość 0,039 mg/m3 za wartość NDSCh.
Hydrazine is a liquid used in various industries. In 2011 in Poland, approximately 2000 people were exposed to hydrazine and its salts. This compound is strongly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory system. Hydrazine has been classified to a carcinogen category 1.B. Carcinogenicity of hydrazine has been proven in animals. The results of exposure were benign and malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, lungs and liver. There is no conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. In Poland, TWA of 0.05 mg/m3 and STEL of 0.1 mg/m3 are valid. The ACGIH TLV proposed value of 0.013 mg/m3. The SCOEL did not establish normative values because proper effects to assess toxicity of hydrazine are carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. The assessment of possible effects in humans is not possible because of interspecific differences in the carcinogenic effects on the upper airways. The European Union propose a binding BOELV value of 0.013 mg/m3. Animal studies suggest that a liver is a critical organ as a result of exposure to hydrazine. The results of studies of chronic inhalation exposure of Syrian hamsters to hydrazine were used to determine the value of MAC-NDS. The critical effects were hepatotoxic: amyloidosis, hemosiderosis and proliferation of bile ducts. The LOAEL value is 0.332 mg/m3. Derived limit value is 0.014 mg/m3 and the STEL value is 0.042 mg/m3 because of the irritant effects. Labeling as Carc. 1.B (carcinogenic category 1.B), „Skin” and „I”(irritant) was suggested. After discussion and voting at the 77th meeting of the Interdepartmental Commission for MAC and MAI (January 14, 2015) exposure limit value TWA of 0.013 mg/m3 and STEL value of 0.039 mg/m3 was accepted. This values are consistent with binding values adopted by the ACSH.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2015, 3 (85); 35-65
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 22

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