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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    The productivity of the English derivational -ing suffix in contemporary Polish
    Autorzy:
    Witalisz, Alicja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    -ing formation, productivity, borrowing, hybrid creation, pseudo-anglicism
    Opis:
    The paper presents and examines -ing formations used in Polish. It also addresses the notion of productivity in morphology and discusses the growing productivity of the English derivational -ing suffix in contemporary Polish. To address the issue of productivity all -ing formations must be divided into foreign loans and derivatives that have been coined in Polish. One of the two forms of analysis of the research material used for the present study is based on the typology of contact-induced innovations; the other involves a synchronic morphological and semantic analysis of -ing formations coined in Polish. A thesis concerning the appearance of English -ing in Polish and its becoming an independent suffix and a productive word-formation rule is proposed.
    Źródło:
    Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2014, 131, 3
    2083-4624
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oswoić pandemię. O najnowszych neologizmach w języku czeskim
    Taming the pandemic. About the latest neologisms in the Czech language
    Autorzy:
    Korbut, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50693871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    język czeski
    neologizm
    korona-
    covid-
    hybryda
    okazjonalizm
    sytuacja graniczna
    oswajanie zagrożenia
    Czech language
    neologism
    hybrid formation
    nonce word
    boundary situation
    taming the threat
    Opis:
    W niniejszym artykule skoncentrowano się na zjawisku komunikacji w czasie pandemii, szczególnie zaś na procesie tworzenia nowych słów. Materiał wyekscerpowany został z następujących źródeł: prasa, telewizja, fora internetowe, internetowy słownik Čeština 2.0. oraz baza danych Neomat. Wśród zgromadzonych przykładów zanotowano zarówno formacje hybrydalne, neologizmy powstałe w wyniku blendingu czy neosemantyzmy, punktem wyjścia wielu ww. jednostek jest metaforyczne pojmowanie otaczającej nas rzeczywistości oraz niewątpliwe poczucie humoru Czechów. Najczęściej spotykanymi złożeniami są rzeczowniki z cząstkami korona- (koro-), covid- oraz zoom-. Nie sposób orzec, jaki będzie status analizowanych jednostek w języku czeskim, czy zagoszczą one w nim na stałe, czy będą tylko okazjonalizmami, które wkrótce znikną.
    The present article focuses on phenomenon on communication during the pandemic, especially phenomenon of neologism to explore the creation of new words during the outbreak of COVID-19. The data were collected from newspapers, television programmes, Internet Forums, collaborative dictionary Čeština 2.0 and Neomat – electronic neologism database. Among analyzed neologism, numerous blended expressions, hybrid creations and few neosemantism were found. Most frequently, as the analysis shows, are blends and hybrid words created with a humorous purpose in mind and based on metaphor and meaning’s generalization. The most productive compound nouns is nouns with the stem korona- (koro-), covid- and zoom- and can be group into different semantic fields. It is not possible to tell what its eventual status will be in a Czech language. It may become part of the norm of the language or it may remain as nonce words.
    Źródło:
    Bohemistyka; 2023, 23, 4; 555-574
    1642-9893
    Pojawia się w:
    Bohemistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spielcenter, Kinderschutzhotline, Teeshop, Back-Factory und mehr. Einige Bemerkungen zu den hybriden Wortbildungen im Deutschen anhand von Untersuchungen der Sprachlandschaft der kleinen deutschen Stadt Greifswald
    Spielcenter, Kinderschutzhotline, Teeshop, Back-Factory, and More. Word Forming Hybrids in the German Language on the Basis of Research Concerning the Linguistic Landscape in the German Town of Greifswald
    Autorzy:
    Dargiewicz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/444180.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
    Tematy:
    linguistic
    word forming hybrid
    word formation with foreign components
    landscape
    empirical research
    Opis:
    The aim of the present article is to demonstrate, using specific examples, the reality of linguistic communication in the context of one of the problems of contemporary German word formation, namely linguistic hybrids, in a small German town of Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The conclusions made on the basis of empirical research concern a specific kind of communication, namely communication between an entrepreneur or offerer and a potential client who receives the communicated content. The empirical material which was obtained via the empirical research method called “Linguistic Landscape” attests to the popularity of word forming hybrids in the German language, i.e. constructions consisting of both native and foreign components. Many word forming hybrids are short-term phenomena in a linguistic system and tend to be dropped quickly. Nevertheless, the number and variety of native-foreign combinations indicate a general trend in the contemporary German language, which not only readily borrows foreign lexemes or word forming morphemes – predominantly from the English language – but also tends to combine them with native words. Hence, word forming hybrids constitute a problem which merits attention and thorough linguistic analysis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neophilologica; 2013, XV/2; 5-17
    1509-1619
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neophilologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Informative and cultural space as a factor of modern formation of nation in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Krasiwski, Orest
    Pidberezhnyk, Nadiia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046339.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Ukraine
    nation formation, language
    culture
    informative and cultural space
    information security
    hybrid war
    mass media
    national consciousness
    national and patriotic education
    nation formation
    language
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the challenges to the Ukrainian nation-building and national security of Ukraine in the informative and cultural sphere at the present stage. Consequently, the author high- lights the problems of linguistic self-identification of Ukrainians, the functioning of the informative and cultural space as well as its impact on the formation of Ukrainian national consciousness are highlighted. Also, the paper determines the threats in the information sphere in the context of Rus- sia’s hybrid war against Ukraine and examines the formation of national consciousness through the system of national and patriotic education in Ukraine. The priorities of the state language policy, state policy in the information sphere and national-patriotic education in Ukraine at the present stage are defined in order to ensure the formation of the Ukrainian national consciousness and the Ukrainian civil nation, countering the challenges to the national security of Ukraine.
    Źródło:
    Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2021, 23; 67-84
    2082-5951
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contact-induced right-headed interfixless N+N compounds in Polish. A corpus-based study
    Autorzy:
    Witalisz, Alicja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52795013.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    interfixless compound
    borrowing
    loanword
    loanblend
    hybrid creation
    word-formation
    compositum
    złożenie bezinterfiksalne
    zapożyczenie
    półkalka
    formacja hybrydalna
    słowotwórstwo
    Opis:
    While English-Polish language contact results chiefly in English lexical loans, the influence of English on Polish in recent decades has not been limited to lexis and semantics. English penetrates deep into the structural patterns of Polish, and English N+N compound loanwords and loanblends become models for Polish structural neologisms, whose coining may be seen as a violation of native word-formation rules or, at best, as the boosting of a native potential yet non-productive word-formation pattern. It is argued in the article that the increasing productivity of the word-formation rule for deriving right-headed interfixless N+N compounds in Polish is a by-product of intensive lexical borrowing from English. The article explains the mechanism that is responsible for the contact-induced increased productivity (or perhaps the adoption) of a word-formation rule in the recipient language and illustrates it with corpus-sourced material. Most of the newly coined contact-induced N+N formations in Polish are hybrid creations formed in series by analogy to English structural models. The identified formal features of the analysed N+N compounds place them outside of the traditionally recognized types of Polish compounds.
    Wpływ języka angielskiego na współczesną polszczyznę nie ogranicza się wyłącznie do wzbogacania jej zasobu leksykalnego i semantycznego. Typowe dla angielszczyzny bezinterfiksalne złożenia rzeczownikowe zapożyczone do polszczyzny w postaci zapożyczeń właściwych i półkalk służą jako model strukturalny, według którego tworzone są w języku polskim neologizmy strukturalne, uważane przez niektórych badaczy za wynik naruszenia zasad rodzimego słowotwórstwa, przez innych za sygnał ożywienia nieproduktywnego dotąd modelu słowotwórczego. Artykuł ma na celu opisanie cech bezinterfiksalnych złożeń rzeczownikowych tworzonych we współczesnej polszczyźnie, a także wyjaśnienie i zilustrowanie, za pomocą materiału otrzymanego z korpusu, mechanizmu odpowiedzialnego za powodowaną wpływem obcym wzmożoną produktywność (lub być może zapożyczenie) opisywanego modelu słowotwórczego, widzianą jako efekt uboczny intensywnego zapożyczenia z języka angielskiego na poziomie leksykalnym. Bezinterfiksalne złożenia rzeczownikowe w dzisiejszym języku polskim to głównie polsko-angielskie formacje hybrydalne tworzone seriami na zasadzie analogii do angielskich modeli strukturalnych. Omawiane złożenia wykazują cechy formalne, które każą je sytuować poza obszarem trzech typów polskich złożeń opisywanych w literaturze. 
    Źródło:
    Studies in Polish Linguistics; 2018, 13, 1; 45-67
    1732-8160
    2300-5920
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Polish Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Somaclonal selection of physiological mutants and several problems related to rice cell breeding
    Autorzy:
    Kinoshita, T
    Mori, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044460.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    chromosome variation
    japonica rice
    Oryza
    African rice
    physiological mutant
    gamma-radiation
    anther culture
    hybrid plant
    protoplast isolation
    callus induction
    callus formation
    aneuploidy
    indica rice
    herbicide tolerance
    hybrid
    Kitaake cultivar
    gametoclonal variation
    somatic hybrid
    rice
    Opis:
    Tolerance to a new herbicide, pyributycarb, was evaluated both at the plant and cellular levels. Several highly or moderately tolerant strains chosen at the plant level, showed a parallel relation of to tolerance at the cellular level. However, on the whole, correlation between total tolerance indices and survival rates of calli was not significant in 18 out of the 80 studied strains. As a result of somaclonal selection for two herbicides, lines NB-200 and NM-100 were regenerated from the tolerant calli screened with benthiocarb at 200 ppm, and molinate at 100 ppm, respectively. In the R₂ generation, both the lines displaned a stable tolerance both at the plant and cellular levels. Thus the highly tolerant mutant lines were developed from a moderately tolerant line, N-61, via in vitro selection. To achieve a short-cut method in the interspecific genetic exchange, a series of techniques related to cell fusion were established in rice and related species. Two kinds of somatic hybrids between the cultivar Kitaake and tetraploid Oryza species, O. punctata and O. officinalis, were successfully produced. Among the somatic hybrid plants, a wide range of chromosomal variation was observed. Aneuploid plants with a chromosome number around 2n = 72 (hexaploid), which are expected from a symmetric fusion between diploid and tetraploid strains, were obtained showing mixoploidy within a plant. Most of the somatic hybrids were characterized by intermediate features of plant-type showing high sterility, shattering of spikelets and reduced plant height. As an exception, a diploid plant, which was identified by RFLP analysis using the rDNA gene probe, closely resembled Kitaake and produced viable seeds. A tetraploid hybrid plant was also promising for the introduction of economically important characters through the reduction of chromosome numbers by doubled haploids. Gametoclonal variation and gamma radiation was applied to Kitaake. The mutation frequency was prominently increased by gamma ray treatment, especially at high doses of 200 Gy or 300 Gy. In the M₃R₂ or M₄R₃ generations, most of the variants showed unfavourable characters. Most of the mutant characters were governed by single or double recessive genes. Several mutants such as short culm and early flowering time might be used for rice breeding.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 1; 9-35
    1234-1983
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Applied Genetics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Historische Grundzüge ausgewählter deutscher Komposita. Unter Berücksichtigung von Sonderformen und atypischen Entwicklungsprozessen
    Historical overview of the German compounds, taking into account also exceptions (unusual forms) and their atypical process of development
    Autorzy:
    Bytner, Marzena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1592426.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    Determinativkomposita
    Wortbildung
    Fremdwörter
    Hybride Bildungen
    determinative compounds
    word formation
    foreign words
    hybrid formations
    złożenia determinatywne
    słowotwórstwo
    wyrazy obce
    konstrukcje hybrydyczne
    Opis:
    Im Beitrag werden historische Grundzüge von deutschen Komposita und deren Entwicklung vom Althochdeutschen bis zu den heutigen Zeiten präsentiert. Eine besondere Beachtung verdienen dabei Kompositionstendenzen, die in bestimmten Epochen von Belang waren. Zudem werden Beispiele der Sonderfälle von Determinativkomposita mit kurzen etymologischen Kommentaren besprochen, darunter Hybride Bildungen, Komposita mit dem Bindestrich sowie Komposita mit Eigennamen als Erstglied.
    Artykuł prezentuje w historycznym zarysie rozwój niemieckich złożeń od czasów starowysokoniemieckich do współczesności. Na uwagę zasługują tutaj przede wszystkim tendencje dominujące w poszczególnych epokach, znajdujące swoje odzwierciedlenie w różnych formach złożeń. Ponadto w artykule omówiono przykłady złożeń nietypowych i hybrydycznych, jak np. złożenia tworzone za pomocą myślnika, czy też takie, gdzie jako pierwszy człon pojawia się nazwa własna. Dodatkowo przykłady opatrzono krótkimi informacjami etymologicznymi.
    The article presents historical features of German compoundsand their development from Old High German to the present day. Particular attention should be paid to compositional tendencies, which were of importance in certain epochs. In addition, examples of special cases of determinative compounds with short etymological comments are discussed, including hybrid formations, hyphenated compounds, and compounds consisting of a proper name as their first part.
    Źródło:
    Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia; 2019, 28; 189-201
    2450-8543
    2353-317X
    Pojawia się w:
    Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowoczesne techniki i technologie inżynierii środowiska
    Novel Methods and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
    Autorzy:
    Miksch, K.
    Cema, G.
    Felis, E.
    Sochacki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818151.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    tlenowe granule
    zewnątrzkomórkowe polimery
    częściowa nitryfikacja
    proces Anammox
    zaawansowane procesy utleniania
    systemy hybrydowe
    oczyszczalnie hydrofitowe
    dekoloryzacja barwników
    bioremediacja gruntu
    mikoryza roślin
    techniki biologii molekularne
    PCR
    FISH
    aerobic granules
    granule formation
    extracellular polymeric substances
    partially nitrification
    anammox process
    advanced oxidation processes
    hybrid systems
    constructed wetlands
    decolorization
    synthetic dyes
    soil bioremediation
    plant mycorrhization
    molecular biology techniques
    Opis:
    The novel technologies used in environmental engineering were discussed in this paper – the formation of aerobic granules, the Anammox process, the advanced oxidation processes, the use of fungi for dyes decolorization, constructed wetlands, the soil phytoremediation supported by rhizosphere microorganisms and the use of molecular biology technique in environmental engineering. The structure of granular sludge is influenced by EPS production. The average diameter and density of biogranules increase due to EPS production. Although polysaccharides are essential, proteins were found to be the predominant component of aerobic granular sludge. Compared to loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) showed more significant correlations with granules formation. This investigation will contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior and composition of EPS in sequencing batch reactors. The traditional nitrification and denitrification processes proceed well with typical municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, there are also nitrogen-rich wastewater streams like landfill leachate or reject waters from dewatering of digested sludge, for which traditional nitrification/denitrification can be generally ineffective due to free ammonia inhibition of nitrification and unfavorable biodegradable carbon content for denitrification. Because of high requirements for oxygen and the necessity for addition of external carbon source, treating such nitrogen-rich streams with nitrification/denitrification would become expensive and unsustainable. The least resources consuming pathway for the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas is a combination of partial nitrification and the Anammox process. The main advantages of this process compared to the conventional nitrification/denitrification are: low sludge production, decrease of the aeration costs by almost 60% (only half of the ammonia is oxidized to nitrite in the nitritation process without further oxidation to nitrate), and no need for external organic carbon source addition (Anammox process). Furthermore, anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium under anoxic conditions with nitrite as the electron acceptor, and converse energy for CO2 fixation. Additionally, the biomass yield of the Anammox process is very low (0.08 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in comparison to 1 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in conventional nitrification/denitrification process) consequently, little sludge is produced. The low sludge production is another factor that contributes to the substantially lower operation costs compared to conventional denitrification systems. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are oxidative methods which are based on the generation of the hydroxyl radicals, which are very reactive and less selective than other oxidants. In the wastewater treatment technology, AOPs can be used in a combination with conventional biological techniques (so called hybrid processes), as pre- and post- treatment processes. The advanced oxidation processes have been used in order to increase the biodegradability and also detoxification of the wastewater. The ability of fungi to degrade lignin-cellulose debris is well known. In addition to these natural molecules they may also degrade synthetic compounds, including synthetic dyes. High effectiveness of Evans blue and brilliant green mixture removal by all tested strains was demonstrated. The process was the most effective and fast in shaken conditions. Finally strain MB removed 90% of tested mixture in shaken samples after 96h. It was the best result reached among all the strains used in the experiment. High removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease of toxicity (from V class to III class in test with D. magna and from IV class even to non-toxic in test with L. minor). The highest decrease of phytotoxicity was noticed in samples with shaken biomass in which the effect of dyes mixture elimination was the best. The research indicates very high potential of tested strains for decolorization and detoxification of dyes mixture. Constructed wetlands are man-made system mimicking the process occurring in natural wetlands. These systems are considered to be an alternative to more technically advanced waste water treatment technologies. The development of constructed wetlands is envisaged to pursue the following directions grouped according to: the type of the waste water to be treated, target contaminants, treatment intensification methods, ancillary benefits and the locality. Mycorrhiza fungi can be used for phytoremediation proccess. They support plant growth by lowering the stress caused by the lack of phosphorus and water. They produce enzymes participating in several stages of xenobiotics decomposition, which is helpful in their further biodegradation performed by the other rhisospherical organisms. The natural colonisation of PAHs contaminated soil is a long-term process. It could be shortend by adding fungal propagules as an inoculum to the soil. Fungi used for the injections should be isolated from PAHs contaminated soil. That guarantees their survival and development in the contaminated environment. The level of PAHs elimination from soil depends on a type of bioremediation modification used. It was shown that the best results are obtained with monocotylous plants combined with bacterial and fungal biopreparations obtained from contaminated soil. The symbiosis of mycorrhiza fungi with monocotylous plants caused ca. 40% increase of 3, 4, 5 and 30% of 6-ring hydrocarbons removal from soil in comparison with the conventional methods. Important aspect of environmental protection and engineering is the possibility for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of complex microbial communities, responsible for biotechnological processes, such as: soil bioremediation, wastewater treatment or composting. Due to the fact that most of the environmental bacteria cannot be grown in the laboratory conditions molecular techniques are widely used in environmental engineering. Among these methods the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based and hybridization-based (such as Fluorescent in situ Hybridization; FISH) techniques are known to be the most useful.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 1; 833-857
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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