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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Rice Blast Biology and Reaction of Host to the Disease
    Autorzy:
    Zewdu, Zelalem
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839725.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Rice
    Blast
    Magnaporthe grisea
    Magnaporthe oryzae
    Host Reaction
    Opis:
    Rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) is first reported in China and then in Africa in1922. The disease is now the most widespread and devastating rice disease in all rice producing areas of the world. The disease can cause from mild yield reduction to total crop loss as depends on the variety and severity level. The rice blast isolate is closely related to the isolate of other blast like fungus and distinctly described as Magnaporthe grisea. Rice blast fungus starts the infection cycle after a three-celled conidium lands on the rice leaf surface. Thousands of spores can be produced from a single lesion within 15 days after infection. Symptoms on leaves start as small brown necrotic lesions that evolve to larger elliptical or spindle-shaped lesions, colored whitish to gray with darker borders while infected seeds display brown spots, which may result from the infection of the florets as they matured into seeds. The rice blast needs at least a 12-hour period of moderate temperatures (25 to 30 °C), high relative humidity (90-92 %), and high moisture which are conducive for its development. The disease can be managed by using resistant varieties, using integrated disease management options and nutrient managements like application of recommended nitrogen fertilizers and application of silicon fertilizers. The rice plant responds differently for reducing the occurrence and damage of the disease either fungus is incapable causing sporulating lesions on the plant or the plant develop residual resistance that remains when complete resistance has been overcome by the pathogen.
    Źródło:
    World News of Natural Sciences; 2021, 39; 11-21
    2543-5426
    Pojawia się w:
    World News of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Growth of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. through bark of one-year-old Pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro
    Autorzy:
    Werner, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41412.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Heterobasidion annosum
    root rot fungi
    pathogen
    root infection
    Pinus sylvestris
    bark
    seedling
    growth
    in vitro
    host reaction
    Opis:
    Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings grown for 12-17 months in pure culture after inoculation with S and P strains of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were studied with the help of light and transmission electron microscopy. Standardized inoculation procedure and uniform in vitro conditions allowed evaluation of the host/pathogen interactions. Necrotic reaction of the bark cells associated with the accumulation of dark-stained material in vacuoles, and lignification of their walls in root regions in proximity to mycelium were the common host reaction. Hypertrophy of the bark cells in areas invaded by hyphae caused a tension that was responsible for strong deformation of the bark cells. Injury to the vascular cambium resulted in formation of barrier zone parenchyma and abnormal xylem elements. High amount of polyphenolic material accumulated in new formed parenchyma cells was an effective chemical “barrier” to the centripetal spread of hyphae. Resin-plugged tracheids and row parenchyma cells rich in polyphenolic material were common in wood areas colonized by the fungus.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2001, 46
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected host response reactions to fungal or parasite invasion
    Autorzy:
    Kurnatowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/840577.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    response reaction
    parasite invasion
    Trypanosoma
    fungi
    fungal invasion
    Toxoplasma
    Plasmodium
    host
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 1998, 44, 3
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The fungus Epichloe typhina in populations of a halophyte Puccinellia distans: salinity as a possible inhibitor of infection
    Autorzy:
    Lembicz, M
    Olejniczak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56677.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    polymerase chain reaction
    choke disease
    infection frequency
    field experiment
    fungi
    Puccinellia distans
    host plant
    halophytic grass
    salinity
    fungal endophyte
    Epichloe typhina
    grass
    Opis:
    Puccinellia distans is a non-agricultural halophytic grass that has become another host plant for Epichloe typhina, hitherto not reported from Poland. In 1992 we noticed the first symptoms of choke disease in a single population of P. distans in central Poland. Since then we have observed choke disease in 5 populations of P. distans only in man-made habitats. These habitats are strongly anthropogenically salinated but they exhibit the pattern of species composition characteristic of natural salines. In this paper we test the hypothesis that the level of salinity affects the infection of P. distans by the fungus E. typhina. Seven plots were established in the field and each plot was divided into 25 subplots. Within each plot the level of infection in a spring generation of shoots was negatively correlated with salinity (common regression within the plots, beta = -0.674, df = 117, p < 0.001). Negative correlation was also found in an autumn generation within the plots (beta = -0.682, df = 94, p < 0.001) after excluding plot P in which the frequency of infected individuals was the lowest and equal only to 0.05. The proportion of individuals infected by the endophytic stage of the fungus in the populations was assessed using diagnostic polymerase chain reaction. The greatest percentage (98.3%) of infected individuals was found in the population growing in the habitat of the lowest salinity. The high salinity reduces the chance of P. distans to become infected, but may promote the stroma formation of E. typhina twice in the season. Disease expression in autumn clearly represents a misadaptation which could be explained by the fact that the species interactions described here appeared relatively recently as a result of human activity. This hypothesis requires further experimental verification.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2009, 78, 1; 81-86
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Genetic polymorphism of Polish strains of Gremmeniella abietina and Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae
    Autorzy:
    Kraj, W
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coniferous tree
    plant pathology
    pine
    spruce
    fir
    juniper
    pathogen
    plant disease
    shoot blight
    canker
    branch
    stem
    Gremmeniella abietina
    Brunchorstia pinea var.cembrae
    needle
    genetic polymorphism
    Polish strain
    host preference
    polymerase chain reaction
    RFLP analysis
    Opis:
    Thirty-three type A strains of G. abietina from diseased shoots or needles of P. sylvestris, P. nigra and P. armandii and three strains of Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae from P. mugo were isolated from four regions of Poland differing with respect to climatic conditions. Genetic polymorphism of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU rRNA), ribosomal RNA fragment including ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene was examined by the PCR-RFLP method. Genetic distance was ascertained with respect to B. pinea var. cembrae strains from G. abietina isolated from the examinedpine species (average Nei coefficient 0.137). The smallest genetic distance occurred between the strain groups of G. abietina isolated from P. nigra and P. armandii (0.059) and P. nigra and P. sylvestris (0.061), whereas the highest occurred between the groups of strains deriving from P. armandii and P. sylvestris (0.096). The impact of geographic distance on genetic distance between groups of strains from individual regions has been shown. G. abietina strains originating from mountainous areas were more distanced genetically (on average 0.031) from populations from other regions (Nei genetic distance 0.023). The main factors influencing genetic differences of the pathogen were specificity with respect to the species of the host plant and climate conditions, whereas geographic distance had lesser significance.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2009, 61; 13-21
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spektrometria mas w rozróżnianiu związków chiralnych
    Chiral recognition by mass spectrometry
    Autorzy:
    Drabik, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172040.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    spektrometria mas
    rozróżnianie związków chiralnych
    związki chiralne
    oddziaływania typu gość-gospodarz
    metoda kinetyczna
    reakcje kompleksów jon–cząsteczka
    spektrometria ruchliwości jonów
    mass spectrometry
    chiral recognition
    kinetic method
    host–guest interaction
    ion-molecule reaction
    ion mobility spectrometry
    Opis:
    The phenomenon of optical activity was discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1848. Since this time, chirality of organic compounds observed in biological systems has became a central theme in scientific research. Synthesis and quantitation of enantiomerically pure compounds is important for a wide range of applications. Chirally pure compounds are required not only by pharmacology, but they are also of interest in cosmetic and food industry and many other applications. Similarity of enantiomers in their chemical and physical properties, except for optical rotation, makes their separation and detection very difficult. Until now, many methods have been used for the enantioselective discrimination of organic compounds, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and chromatography (GC, HPLC), where an interference of a solvent cannot be excluded. Recent studies have shown that mass spectrometry (MS) is an alternative approach to traditional method for chiral recognition and determination of enantiomeric composition. Although, mass spectrometry has been considered as insensitive to chirality because enantiomers have the same mass and show identical mass spectra, it is now accepted as important tool for differentiating of enantiomeric compounds through their interactions with chiral reference molecules (Fig. 1). The ability to transfer diastereomeric non-covalent complexes between chiral selectors and analyte enantiomers, which differ in stability, into the gas-phase and measure such differences trough mass spectrometric ion abundances, has appeared with development of soft ionization techniques such electrospray ionization (ESI), fast atom bombardment (FAB) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Mass spectrometry-based methods for chiral recognition and quantitative determination of enantiomeric purity are attractive due to their speed, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, tolerance to impurities and ability to probe the analyte in a solvent free environment. Currently, there are four well-defined approaches for determining a measure of enantiomer discrimination, using either single-stage or tandem mass spectrometry. They can be classified into the following categories: (1) measurement of the relative abundance of diastereomeric complexes between chiral reference compound and the enantiomers (usually one isotopically labeled [10]), (2) enantioselective ion/molecule reaction between diastereomeric complexes and chiral or achiral reactants [11], (3) kinetic method [12] and (4) collision-induced dissociation (CID) of diastereomeric adducts in a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiment [61, 62]. Over the past decade, new approaches to chiral separation and analysis of enantiomers have been introduced, where molecules are separated based on their mobility (ion mobility spectrometry) [66].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2011, 65, 7-8; 609-649
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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