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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Wykorzystanie kalorymetrycznej metody pomiarowej w badaniach strumieni ciepła w silniku z wirującą falą detonacyjną
    Use of calorimeter method for heat flux measurement in rotaring detonation
    Autorzy:
    Sobczak, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212673.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    strumienie ciepła
    silnik z wirującą falą detonacyjną
    model wymiany ciepła
    heat flux
    rotating detonation engine (RDE)
    model of heat transfer
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono opis obliczeń projektowych i wykorzystanie metody kalorymetrycznej do wyznaczenie obciążeń cieplnych w komorze spalania silnika wykorzystującego zjawisko wirującej detonacji. Oszacowanie strumienia ciepła na jaki narażone będą ścianki komory spalania to jeden z kluczowych parametrów z jakim należy się zmierzyć w trakcie opracowywania jednostki napędowej. Z tego względu opracowano stanowisko badawcze, dzięki któremu możliwe będzie wyznaczenie wartości strumieni ciepła, na podstawie zmiany entalpii czynnika chłodzącego. W oparciu o wyniki eksperymentalne opracowany zostanie model wymiany ciepła, który wykorzystany zostanie podczas rozwijania kodów nume-rycznych.
    The work will be focused on heat transfer to the combustion chamber wall of continuous detonation wave engine. Like in conventional rocket engines, heat flux is a design key factor. Implementation of semi-empirical model of heat transfer (calculation of heat transfer coefficient) into REFLOPS and collected experimental data will give a basis for comparison and verification. These results will be important for further development of numerical codes.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2014, 1 (234) March 2014; 109-115
    0509-6669
    2300-5408
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Detonator Shell Materials on Detonation Calorimetry Results
    Autorzy:
    Němec, Ondřej
    Musil, Tomáš
    Künzel, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1062738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    detonation calorimetry
    detonator
    PETN
    heat of detonation
    bomb calorimetry
    Opis:
    Detonation calorimetry is a method for the determination of the heat released by the detonation of an explosive charge. Compared to classical combustion calorimetry, detonation calorimetry requires an inert atmosphere, a large sample mass and a detonator for its initiation. This detonator releases some energy for which the results must be corrected. Four types of detonator have been tested in the calorimeter alone and also in combination with explosive charges of PETN. It was found that the aluminium shell of the detonator considerably increases the apparent heat of detonation of the PETN samples in a vacuum, while the presence of combustible (polymeric) components has the opposite effect. Pressurization of the calorimetric vessel with nitrogen gas only partially suppresses these effects. The preferred technique is to use copper or glass confinement in a high pressure inert atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2020, 17, 4; 552-565
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on Empirical Approaches for Estimation of Detonation Velocity of High Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Shekhar, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358324.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    explosives
    detonation
    velocity of detonation (VOD)
    empirical
    density
    heat of formation
    Opis:
    Despite many computer based codes like CHEETAH, TIGER, RUBY, BKW, etc. the velocity of detonation (VOD) for explosive molecules and explosive mixtures (formulations) is estimated by several empirical formulations. This article discusses various approaches for the estimation of the velocity of detonation by empirical mathematical equations. The formulation proposed by Kamlet in 1968 is the oldest one and it is confirmed to be more reliable by many subsequent researchers. The method proposed by Rothstein (1978), Xiong (1985), Stein (1990), Keshavarz (2006) are discussed and compared for conventional explosive molecules like RDX, HMX, TNT, PETN, and HNS. The values of the velocity of detonation for these molecules are found to be very close to each other. Further comparison of empirical mathematical formulations was carried out for four other explosive molecules of relatively recent origin (CL-20, FOX-7, TATB and NTO). These molecules were selected as they were unknown at the time of the proposed formulations except that by Keshavarz (2006). For CL-20, the velocity of detonation by different methods is 9345.1 m/s (Kamlet), 9378.8 m/s (Rothstein), 9116.0 m/s (Xiong), 9383.7 m/s (Stein) and 9887.9 m/s (Keshavarz) respectively. The method proposed by Keshavarz gives a higher value of the velocity of detonation than the others. For FOX-7, the values are 8636.6 m/s (Kamlet), 8733.3 m/s (Rothstein), 8766.1 m/s (Xiong), 8645.0 m/s (Stein) and 8245.3 m/s (Keshavarz) respectively. In this case the Keshavarz approach gives a lower value of the velocity of detonation. For these molecules, the results by the Xiong method is very close to that obtained by the Kamlet method. Deviation, as well as dispersion of the calculated values by other methods, is on the high side.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 39-48
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nitro Groups vs. N-Oxide Linkages: Effects Upon Some Key Determinants of Detonation Performance
    Autorzy:
    Politzer, P.
    Murray, J. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358223.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    C,H,N,O explosives
    detonation velocity
    detonation pressure
    N-oxides
    polyazines
    polyazoles
    detonation heat release
    crystal density
    heats of formation
    gaseous detonation products
    Opis:
    Increasing the nitrogen/carbon ratios in the molecular frameworks of C,H,N,O explosives has attracted considerable attention because it tends to result in more positive heats of formation and often greater densities. In conjunction with this, there has been a growing interest in N-oxide linkages, N+ → O−, as another source of oxygen in these compounds, in addition to or even possibly replacing NO2 groups. In this study, for a series of polyazines and polyazoles, we have compared the effects of introducing a single N-oxide linkage or NO2 group upon key properties that affect detonation velocity and detonation pressure. We found that: (1) The heats of formation per gram of compound, which is what is relevant for this purpose, are almost always higher for the N-oxides. (2) The nitro derivatives have greater densities and detonation heat releases. In relation to the latter, it must be kept in mind that increasing detonation heat release tends to be accompanied by increasing sensitivity. (3) The N-oxides produce more moles of gaseous detonation products per gram of compound.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 3-25
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Examing the selection of a fuel component for low energy mixtures
    Badania w zakresie doboru materiału palnego składnika do mieszanin niskoenergetycznych
    Autorzy:
    Zakusylo, Roman
    Romanchenko, Anzhela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27787677.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    potassium chlorate(VII)
    diesel fuel
    nitromethane
    heat of explosion
    volume of explosion gases
    detonation velocity
    chloran(VII) potasu
    olej napędowy
    nitrometan
    ciepło wybuchu
    objętość gazowych produktów wybuchu
    prędkość detonacji
    Opis:
    The efficiency of an explosive mixture based on potassium chlorate(VII) (PP) with decomposition catalyst and selected combustible component was determined. The results of researches of the thermodynamic characteristics of explosive mixtures with combustible components (diesel fuel and nitromethane) are presented. Thermodynamic calculations of mixed explosives were performed using the Avakyan method. Energy and explosive characteristics such as heat of explosion, temperature of explosion, volume of gases at explosion, oxygen balance, detonation speed and explosiveness, are determined. According to qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas generation, it is established that toxic gases such as NO2, CO and Cl2 are present in quantities up to 0.13 mol/kg, meaning that the explosives based on PP are safe for the environment and workers in quarries.
    Określono wydajność mieszaniny wybuchowej na bazie nadchloranu potasu z katalizatorem rozkładu i wybranym składnikiem palnym. Przedstawiono wyniki badań charakterystyk termodynamicznych mieszanin wybuchowych ze składnikami palnymi (olej napędowy i nitrometan). Obliczenia termodynamiczne mieszanych materiałów wybuchowych przeprowadzono metodą Avakyan. Wyznaczane są charakterystyki energetyczne i wybuchowe, takie jak: ciepło wybuchu, temperatura wybuchu, objętość gazów podczas wybuchu, bilans tlenowy, prędkość detonacji, wysoka wybuchowość. Na podstawie jakościowej i ilościowej analizy powstawania gazów podczas wybuchu ustalono, że gazy toksyczne takie jak NO2, CO i Cl2 występują w ilości do 0,13 mol/kg, w wyniku czego kompozycje wybuchowe oparte na nadchloran potasu są bezpieczne dla środowiska i pracowników kopalni odkrywkowych.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2021, 13; 82--88
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Xiang, D.-L.
    Rong, J.-L.
    He, X.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358148.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    aluminized explosive
    detonation pressure
    detonation velocity
    heat of detonation
    KHT code
    Opis:
    The detonation performances of TNT-, RDX-, HMX-, and RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives were examined through detonation experiments. The detonation pressure, velocity, and heat of detonation of the four groups of aluminized explosives were measured. Reliability verification was conducted for the experimental results and for those calculated with an empirical formula and the KHT code. The test results on detonation pressures and velocities were in good agreement with the predicted values when aluminum (Al) particles were considered inert. The experimental heat of detonation values exhibited good consistency with the predicted values when a certain proportion of Al particles was active. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) can effectively reduce the detonation pressure and improve the heat of detonation for the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive. A comparison of the current test results and literature data shows that errors may exist in early test data. The test data presented in this study allow for an improved understanding of the detonation performance of the four groups of aluminized explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 903-915
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computational Investigation on the Structure and Performance of Novel 4,7-dinitro-furazano-[3,4-d]-pyridazine Derivatives
    Autorzy:
    Wang, K.
    Shu, Y.
    Liu, N.
    Ding, X.
    Wu, Z.
    Lu, Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358090.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    4,7-dinitro-furazano-[3,4-d]-pyridazine
    heat of formation
    density
    detonation performance
    bond dissociation energy
    Opis:
    Seven novel energetic 4,7-dinitro-furazano-[3,4-d]-pyridazine derivatives were designed, and their optimized structures and performances were studied by density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level. The detonation performances were estimated by the Kamlet-Jacobs equations. The results show that these compounds have high crystal densities (1.818-1.925 g·cm−3), detonation velocities (8.51-9.56 km·s−1) and detonation pressures (32.28-41.70 GPa). The bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the weakest bond (N–O bond) vary from 70.889 kJ·mol−1 to 173.283 kJ·mol−1, and some of them exhibit higher BDEs than that of RDX (N–NO2 bond, 149.654 kJ·mol−1) and HMX (N–NO2 bond, 154.905 kJ·mol−1). M4 and M5 exhibit similar and higher detonation performance than RDX (8.81 km·s−1, 34.47 GPa). The detonation performance of M7 (9.56 km·s−1, 41.70 GPa) even surpasses that of HMX (9.10 km·s−1, 39.00 GPa). Otherwise, the specific impulse values of M1-M7 (266-279 s) outperform HMX (266 s) by 0-13 s, which indicates that M1-M7 may show better performance as monopropellants. It is concluded that density, heat of formation, stability, detonation performance and specific impulse of the designed compounds depend on the position and number of the N→O oxidation bonds.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 26-46
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Calculation of Thermochemical and Explosive Characteristics of Furoxanes
    Autorzy:
    Zhukov, I.
    Kozak, G. D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    furoxanes
    benzofuroxanes
    high-power energetic materials
    heat of detonation
    detonation velocity
    detonation pressure
    Opis:
    Search of high-power energetic materials is one primary line of development of chemical physics of combustion and explosion. Yield of such materials is usually very small, and its cost is very high. Calculation of unknown characteristics and properties is the only way out from this situation. There are different methods today that allow calculating unknown detonation performance and some of physicochemical properties. Examination of calculated detonation performance of furoxanes and benzofuroxanes compounds that are not enough investigated is presented in this work. These compounds are new high-power energetic materials. Influence of error in enthalpy of formation of these compounds on their detonation performance is also examined in this work. Furoxanes plays particular part among energetic materials. They are convenient blocks of molecules of high-power energetic materials. Joining of explosiphorus clusters of atoms are lead to obtaining of number of high-performance compounds. It is caused by flatten structure of furoxane ring, that lead to high density of compounds and are characterized by high and positive value of enthalpy of formation. Detonation performance of furoxanes was not study practically. That is why 10 furoxanes have been chosen as object of study (see Nomenclature). 7 of 10 studied furoxanes have anomalous elemental composition, because they are hydrogenfree. In order to evaluate possible error in computational detonation performance, explosive characteristics of 6 hydrogen-free energetic materials with known experimental data have been calculated.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 3-4; 45-54
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Simple and Reliable Method for Predicting the Detonation Velocity of CHNOFCl and Aluminized Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Keshavarz, M. H.
    Zamani, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    decomposition reaction
    heat of detonation
    detonation velocity
    CHNOFClAl explosive
    loading density
    Opis:
    A reliable method is introduced for predicting the detonation velocity of CHNOFClAl explosives through suitable decomposition paths. The predicted decomposition products are used to estimate the heat of detonation (decomposition) and the detonation velocity. For non-ideal aluminized explosives, the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocities are significantly different from those expected from existing thermodynamic computer codes for equilibrium and steady state calculations. The predicted detonation velocities give more reliable results for CHNO explosives than one of the best available empirical methods over a wide range of loading densities. The new model provides better agreement with respect to experimental values for aluminized explosives than the computed results from the BKWS equation of state using full and partial equilibrium of aluminium.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 1; 13-33
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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