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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    State Borders in the Light of International Public Law. An Outline of the Issues
    Autorzy:
    Łaski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027873.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Basic line
    border
    effectiveness
    gulf/bay
    high sea
    outer space
    shore
    sovereignty
    territorial waters
    territory
    territorial integrity
    territorial sovereignty
    straits
    Opis:
    Apportionment of authority among states in the space is one of the fundamental function of public international law and aim of that serves state borders institution. State borders are define as a line or surface separating state territories in land, martime and airspace. However exist different kind of borders that their establish in space bases on delimitation and demarcation. As long as do not give rise controversy establish land and maritime borders, while in spite of lack border determine in air space accept that sit height about 100–150 km. To sum up in the light of public international law exists and significant border is submit of principle of territorial integrity of states at the same time by their establish essential role plays crucial role effectiveness in carry out control of territory and borders. Therefore the principle of territorial integrity of States and effectiveness control over territory defines essence and role of state border.
    Źródło:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2021, 13; 31-44
    2450-0976
    Pojawia się w:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on phytoplankton growth in Narva Bay, South-Eastern Gulf of Finland
    Autorzy:
    Lessin, G.
    Lips, I.
    Raudsepp, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47604.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    nitrogen
    Finland Gulf
    numerical modelling
    Narva Bay
    nutrient limitation
    phytoplankton
    phosphorus
    Opis:
    The relative roles of nitrogen and phosphorus in the limitation of phytoplankton growth in Narva Bay, south-eastern Gulf of Finland, were studied by combining the results of numerical modelling and nutrient enrichment experiments.Mo delled biomass-based intracellular nutrient concentrations (nutrient functions) were used to estimate the limiting nutrient in Narva Bay.Nutr ient functions – NF ∈ [0; 1] for nitrogen and PF ∈ [0; 1] for phosphorus – define the dependence of the phytoplankton growth rate on nutrients: NF = PF = 1 corresponds to nonlimitation of phytoplankton growth by nutrients, whereas NF = 0 or PF = 0 to zero growth.T he biotests indicated the response of phytoplankton growth to an increase in nutrient concentration in the surrounding water.Thr ee locations were selected for detailed analyses of temporal variations in the nutrient functions: the offshore station N12, station N8 at the mouth of the River Narva, and coastal station 38.T he biotests were performed at the same stations. NF and PF reached values of 0.9 prior to the spring bloom. With the onset of the spring bloom, NF decreased rapidly and remained below 0.1 in the open part of Narva Bay for the rest of that period.I n the coastal zone, NF was in excess of 0. 1, with a local maximum in the river mouth area. PF decreased to 0.3–0.4 in the open bay after the spring bloom.I n the coastal zone PF remained above 0.4, with a certain increase from the midsummer minimum towards the end of summer.The numerical modelling results clearly show that nitrogen limits phytoplankton growth in Narva Bay.Ph osphorus limitation may occur only for a limited period and over a limited area at the Narva River mouth and other coastal locations.I n general, the biotests backed up the modelling results, the main exception being in the open bay during summer.The model does not account for nitrogen fixation, however.S ince N-fixing cyanobacteria were prevalent in the offshore area, the addition of phosphorus led to enhanced phytoplankton growth at station N12.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Periodic variability of currents induced by topographically trapped waves in the coastal zone in the Gulf of Finland
    Autorzy:
    Talpsepp, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    trapped wave
    Sopot
    current
    water exchange
    Finland Gulf
    topographical wave
    Pakri Bay
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    Estonia
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to examine the water exchange regime between the bays of northern Estonia (Pakri Bay, Ihasalu Bay and Muuga Bay) and the open part of the Gulf of Finland. To this end, the current measurements and CTD-castings performed at the border of the bays and the open part of the Gulf of Finland in summer 1994, 1995–96 and 1997 are analysed. All the current measurements displayed one feature in common: the existence of periodic variability with a current amplitude of between 5 and 25 cm s−1 and a variability period of 3–4 days (68 hours in Pakri Bay, 72 hours in Muuga Bay and 78 hours in Ihasalu Bay). The amplitudes of this variability differed during different time periods of the experiment and in different parts of the southern Gulf of Finland. The hypothesis was propounded that this variability is the result of bottom-trapped waves, as had been found in many other regions of the Baltic Sea (Aitsam & Talpsepp 1982, Talpsepp 1983). To interpret the results of the measurements, a model of bottom-trapped waves for this region was used. This was the short-wave version of Huthnance’s (1978) numerical model of coastal-trapped waves, according to which the wave parameters for the experimental regions were calculated. Comparison of the model and the measurements implies that coastal-trapped waves do exist off the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of the circulation, water exchange and water age properties of the Gulf of Bothnia
    Autorzy:
    Myrberg, K.
    Andrejev, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48311.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sopot
    water exchange
    Bothnia Gulf
    mean circulation
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    modelling
    eutrophication
    water age
    Bothnian Bay
    Opis:
    To estimate the mean circulation, water exchange and water age in the Gulf of Bothnia a ten-year simulation using a three-dimensional numerical model was carried out. The results confirmed the early findings byWitting (1912) and Palm´en (1930) that a mean cyclonic circulation takes place both in the Bothnian Sea and in the Bothnian Bay. However, the modelling results showed clearly that there exist meso-scale circulation features including coastal ‘jets’, not reported in the Witting-Palm´en results. The simulated mean currents were also higher than those found earlier, while the persistency of this circulation is typically between 20 and 60%, which is similar to the earlier results. There is a large difference between the various model-based water-exchange estimates: these are strictly dependent on the time-averaging used. Water age proved to reflect properties of the mean circulation system, and the highest water age (of around 7.4 years) was found in the central part of the Bothnian Bay. The water age was found to be rather high also in the entire Gulf of Bothnia, which provides evidence of the rather slow water exchange between the Gulf and the Baltic Sea. This leads to the conclusion that, from the physical point of view, the Gulf of Bothnia is vulnerable to eutrophication.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in the copepod Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda, Calanoida) during ontogenetic development
    Autorzy:
    Lotocka, M.
    Styczynska-Jurewicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48096.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    canthaxanthin
    Pomeranian Bay
    ontogenetic development
    astaxanthin
    Baltic Sea
    Calanoida
    Acartia bifilosa
    astaxanthin ester
    Gdansk Gulf
    Copepoda
    copepod
    Opis:
    The contents of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters were studied in natural populations of the copepod Acartia bifilosa from the Pomeranian Bay and Gulf of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea. Samples dominated by any one of three developmental groups: (1) nauplii, (2) copepodids I–III and (3) copepodids IV–V and adults of Acartia bifilosa were analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As ontogenetic development progressed, significant changes occurred in the proportion of particular pigments in the total pigment pool of the various developmental groups. Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin occurred in all the groups, the former being clearly dominant. However, an increasing percentage of astaxanthin esters was recorded in the copepodids I–III, and even more in the copepodids IV–V and adults group. Most probably, astaxanthin is the main pigment active in copepod lipid metabolism. Carotenoid pigments in copepods very likely act as efficient free-electron quenchers and may be involved as antioxidants in rapid lipid metabolism. The exogenously feeding stages (late nauplii and copepodids) transform plant carotenoids taken from food and are evidently capable of metabolising astaxanthin by esterification and further degradation. It is emphasised that, according to literature data, astaxanthin esters may have an even higher quenching ability. It is suggested that crustacean carotenoid pigments, with their electron donor-acceptor abilities, may replace oxygen in peroxidation processes connected with lipid metabolism. The consequences of such a physiological role of astaxanthin for present-day estimations of energy balances in zooplankton communities are mentioned.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary studies on helminth communities of small sandeel, Ammodytes tobianus L. (Actinopterygii: Ammodytidae), from the Gulf of Gdańsk and Pomeranian Bay, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Skrzypczak, M.
    Rolbiecki, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    helminth community
    small sand eel
    sand eel
    fish
    Ammodytes tobianus
    Actinopterygii
    Ammodytidae
    Gdansk Gulf
    Pomeranian Bay
    Polska
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2016, 62, Suppl.
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distribution and extent of benthic habitats in Puck Bay (Gulf of Gdansk, Southern Baltic Sea)
    Autorzy:
    Sokolowski, A.
    Jankowska, E.
    Balazy, P.
    Jedruch, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078880.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    benthic habitat
    Puck Bay
    Gdansk Gulf
    Baltic Sea
    biological value
    aesthetic value
    ecosystem
    maritime spatial planning
    sustainable management
    coastal environment
    Opis:
    The majority of the southern Baltic Sea seabed encompasses homogenous softbottom sediments of limited productivity and low biological diversity, but shallow productive areas in the coastal zone such as wetlands, vegetated lagoons and sheltered bays show a high variety of benthic habitat types offering favourable biotopic conditions for benthic fauna. Within Polish marine areas, semi-enclosed Puck Bay (the western part of the Gulf of Gdansk) ´ features an exceptionally diverse environment covering a range of benthic habitats which underscores its unique biological value and aesthetic quality and providing an impetus for conservation and ecosystem-based development. Full-coverages maps on benthic habitats in this area are therefore a necessary foundation for maritime spatial planning and implementation of strategies for sustainable management and protection of the coastal environment. This study presents the first comprehensive description and distribution of benthic habitats in Puck Bay which were categorised using the revised EUNIS 2019 classification system. Typological analyses were carried out based on inventory datasets from 1995 to 2019 including scientific publications, satellite images, open databases, topographic and geological maps, reports, theses, information available on websites and unpublished data shared willingly by individual researchers and administrative institutions. Collating various spatial data sources, that were first georeferenced and then visualized using techniques available in ArcMap 10.4.1 software (Esri), resulted in the mapping of benthic habitats and sites of important and protected plant species, which can contribute to the high confidence in environmental assessments and monitoring activities.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 3; 301-320
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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