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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    The EU’s Greenhouse Gas emission challenges
    Autorzy:
    Miecznikowski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190167.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Gdańska Szkoła Wyższa
    Tematy:
    fossil fuels
    greenhouse gas (GHG)
    mitigation effects
    renewable energy
    non-renewable energy
    Opis:
    Fossil fuels have to be subsidized by renewable sources of energy, not to generate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The EU has a real commitment to struggling against greenhouse gas emissions. At first all over the world, implemented emission market, which values the price of emission and their mitigation effects.
    Źródło:
    Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy; 2019, 2; 145--154
    2657-5922
    2657-7674
    Pojawia się w:
    Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena skuteczności handlu emisjami w Unii Europejskiej
    Effectiveness Evaluation of the European Union’s Emission Trading System
    Autorzy:
    Pytka, Krzysztof
    Kuszewski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575423.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    externalities
    greenhouse gas (GHG)
    grandfathering emission allowances
    Emission Trading System (EU ETS)
    cap-and-trade scheme
    Opis:
    The paper assesses the effectiveness of the European Union’s Emission Trading System, which was launched in 2005 to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the bloc. Initially, the system covered around 11,000 energy-intensive industrial installations. The authors examine the EU’s “cap-and-trade scheme” in terms of the Pigovian taxation and Coase bargaining models, two classic instruments for the internalization of externalities. The approach differs depending on which method is used for the initial allocation of emission allowances. Currently, the predominant method in the EU is the so-called costless grandfathering, which is equivalent to the model proposed by Coase, according to the authors. In the course of the analysis, Pytka and Kuszewski assess the effectiveness of the cap-and-trade scheme by employing two alternative approaches, an econometric analysis based on a test of linear restrictions and a model using a “differences-in-differences” estimator. For the linear-restriction models, data for EU countries from 2003 and 2005 were used, whereas the differences-in-differences analysis was carried out using data for EU countries and a control group of non-EU countries for the 2003-2007 period. The analysis shows that the system is ineffective in its current form, the authors conclude.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 240, 5-6; 73-89
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of transport operations on the changing local climate in Nigeria’s southwestern cities
    Autorzy:
    Salisu, Umar Obafemi
    Fasina, Simeon Oluwagbenga
    Shodunke, Hazzan Tunde
    Akanmu, Ayobami Ademola
    Sanni, Sekinat Motunrayo
    Olorunfemi, Samuel Oluwaseyi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314540.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    cities
    climate change
    greenhouse gas GHG emissions
    transport
    transport externalities
    miasta
    zmiana klimatu
    emisje gazów cieplarnianych GHG
    efekty zewnętrzne transportu
    Opis:
    The activities of transport operations exhibit both positive and negative outcomes. Its negative effects on human health and the sustainability of the environment are of interest in this study. As a result, the study investigated the influence of transport operations on the changing local climate in Nigeria's southwestern cities. It investigated motorists' socioeconomic status (SES) and travel characteristics; the salient components of transport operations contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions); the effect of GHG emissions from transport operations on the local climate; transport externalities contributing to local temperature changes; and the effect of GHG emissions from transport operations on human health in the research location. This study employed a cross-sectional research design, utilizing systematic sampling to collect 580 copies of questionnaires administered to commercial motorists found in queues across two randomly selected parks in each capital city within the region. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and Linear Regression) were used to analyze the data. The study found that 60% of the motorists were middle-aged (aged between 36 and 45). The majority (70%) drive an average of 100 to 150 km, and premium motor spirit (PMS) is the primary source of energy for 95% of them. The nature and condition of the fuel in use are the top-ranked components of transport operations contributing to GHG emissions. The result of the ANOVA revealed a significant variation among the components of transport operations contributing to GHG emissions (F = 28.302, p = 0.000<0.05). Meanwhile, the linear regression results indicate that vehicular GHG emissions have a significant impact on the local climate (F1⁄578=30.091, p=0.000<0.05). Traffic congestion and bad road conditions were the top-ranked transport externalities contributing to the changing local climate. The most common effects of GHG emissions on human health were headaches and difficulty breathing. Considering these findings, this study suggests the best tactics to lessen the effects of GHG emissions from transport operations, which adversely affect the local climate and human health in the study area.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2023, 121; 203--222
    0209-3324
    2450-1549
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new intelligentapproach in predictive maintenance of separation system
    Autorzy:
    Marichal, G. N.
    Ávila, D.
    Hernández, A.
    Padrón, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116306.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    marine fuel separators
    separation system
    predictive maintenance
    greenhouse gas (GHG)
    Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT)
    genetic neuro-fuzzy system
    genetic algorithm
    supervised learning
    Opis:
    Reducing contaminant emissions is an important task of any industry, included the maritime one. In fact, in April 2018, IMO (International Maritime Organization) adopted an Initial Strategy on reduction of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. An essential part responsible for producing these emissions is the diesel engine. For that reason vessels include separation systems for heavy fuel oils. The purpose of this work is to improve the predictive maintenance techniques incorporating new intelligent approaches. An analysis of vibrations of this separation system was made and their characteristics were used in a Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy System in order to design an intelligent maintenance based on condition monitoring. The achieved results show that the proposed method provides an improvement since it indicates if a maintenance operation is necessary before the schedule one or if it could be possible extend the next maintenance service.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 385-390
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prospects of Decarbonizing Industrial Areas in the Baltic States by Means of Alternative Fuels
    Autorzy:
    Mezulis, Ansis
    Kleperis, Janis
    Lesnicenoks, Peteris
    Zemite, Laila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    alternative fuel
    biofuel
    CNG
    compressed natural gas
    bio-CNG
    HCNG
    GHG emission
    greenhouse gas emission
    Opis:
    All three Baltic States have reached good figures regarding the change in total greenhouse gas emissions from transport during 1990-2017. Particularly successful is Lithuania, showing a negative value of -2.7%. Latvia considerably lags behind Estonia (+15.1% vs. +1.5%). Amid the achievement of Latvian scientists, engineers and merchants, the authors point out the work of Lithuanian engineers who investigated how gaseous hydrogen affects the parameters of diesel internal combustion engine. Important to note that in the Baltic States, the activities of inland waterway vessels and the shunting locomotives are concentrated in only a few main cities. Regarding that, Baltic scientists and environment specialists nowadays are developing plans also for local air pollution decreasing, which can be carried out in particular cities or industrial areas, thereby allowing for improvements in air cleanliness and the ecological situation in concerned local area. A numerical estimation shows that applying the NYSMART technology, introduced in this paper, will make areas of active action of the high-volume diesels cleaner in the same amount as gained by photosynthesis of the urban green flora. In recent years, the developed technology of hydraulic piston compression allows producing numerous different vehicle fueling appliances for the CNG/bio-CNG fuel. The further development of this technology means the producing of various solutions, applicable at biogas/biomethane production sites, for CNG/bio-CNG compression, transportation and fast natural gas vehicles refueling in a cost effective and convenient way. The hydraulic piston compression and NYSMART have a potential in small and medium-scale technologies and therefore need to be developed further for applications with hydrogen. Production of biomethane and green hydrogen is delayed by the lack of state aid programmes in the Baltic States. Lithuania is on the way to change the situation in the coming years, with one of the first biomethane gas production plants due to be built near Panevėžys, in Šilagalys near the Via Baltica motorway. Summing up all aspects, the preconditions for the use of alternative fuels in the Baltic States are similar, allowing one to learn from other’s experience and to consider joint projects.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 8; 152--161
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Forecasting greenhouse gas emissions of the Slovak Republic based on grey models
    Autorzy:
    Vojteková, Mária
    Blažeková, Oľga
    Pavlicko, Michal
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057615.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    GHG
    greenhouse gas
    Slovak Republic
    mathematical model
    greyscale
    gaz cieplarniany
    Słowacja
    model matematyczny
    skala szarości
    Opis:
    Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become a necessity and not an option to sustain the environment in both human and natural systems. The Slovak Republic (SR), like the European Union (EU), aims to become greenhouse gas neutral by 2050. To reach this ambitious target, emissions will need to fall by 55% compared to those in the base year 1990. Therefore, forecasting GHG emission amounts is important. The grey model is one of the widespread mathematical forecasting methods. There exist studies that have used some types of grey models to predict GHG but not in the case of the Slovak Republic. We have optimized the length of the input sequence in the rolling mechanism to enhance the forecast accuracy of a new grey model combining the Bernoulli equation with the rolling mechanism. Standard grey model, nonlinear grey Bernoulli model, and grey model with rolling mechanism were used to prove the validity of our optimization and to compare prediction performance among grey models. The novel model was also used for a long-term forecast of GHG emissions in the SR for the years from 2020 to 2040 and compared with officially reported projections. Calculated values showed that the SR is on a good way to reach set targets towards climate change mitigation.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2022, 48, 1; 117--134
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic and Climate Efficiency of Agriculture in the EU
    Efektywność ekonomiczno-klimatyczna rolnictwa w UE i Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Wysokiński, Marcin
    Gołasa, Piotr
    Bieńkowska-Gołasa, Wioletta
    Lenort, Radim
    Gromada, Arkadiusz
    Golonko, Magdalena
    Trębska, Paulina
    Gradziuk, Piotr
    Bórawski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    efficiency
    climate
    economy
    greenhouse gas
    GHG
    agriculture
    Europe
    efektywność
    klimat
    ekonomia
    emisja gazów cieplarnianych
    rolnictwo
    Europa
    Opis:
    The article in the theoretical part draws attention to the phenomenon of climate change and two-way relations between these changes and agriculture. Agriculture as an economic sector is extremely sensitive to any climatic disturbances. However, as a greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter, it contributes to this process. In the era of significant reductions in GHG emissions, it is becoming increasingly important to obtain the highest economic effects with the smallest external effects (e.g. GHG). The purpose of the article is therefore to determine the level of GHG emissions in agriculture and the economic and climate efficiency of agriculture in EU countries and comparison to other sectors of the economy. The DEA method was used in the study. Calculations were made based on Eurostat data. It was found that the share of GHG emissions of agriculture in the EU represents 10-11% of all emissions in the European Union. Agriculture is the least economically and climatically effective sector of the EU economy. Comparing the agriculture of individual countries, the highest efficiency was achieved by Italy, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Finland, the lowest – Lithuania, Poland and Latvia.
    W artykule w części teoretycznej zwrócono uwagę na zjawisko zmian klimatycznych oraz dwukierunkowych relacji pomiędzy tymi zmianami a rolnictwem. Rolnictwo jako sektor gospodarki jest niezwykle wrażliwy na wszelkie zaburzenia klimatyczne. Z drugiej strony jako emitent gazów cieplarnianych (GHG) m swój udział w tym procesie. W dobie znaczących redukcji emisji GHG coraz istotniejszą kwestią jest otrzymywanie jak najwyższych efektów ekonomicznych przy jak najmniejszych efektach zewnętrznych (np. GHG). Celem artykułu jest zatem określenie poziomu emisji GC w rolnictwie oraz efektywności ekonomiczno-klimatycznej rolnictwa w krajach UE oraz w porównaniu do innych działów gospodarki. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę DEA. Obliczeń dokonano na podstawie danych Eurostatu. Stwierdzono, że udział emisji GC rolnictwa w UE stanowi 10-11% wszystkich emisji we Wspólnocie. Rolnictwo jest najmniej ekonomiczno-klimatycznie efektywnym sektorem gospodarki UE. Porównując natomiast rolnictwo poszczególnych krajów, najwyższą efektywność osiągnęły Włochy, Cypr, Holandia, Słowacja i Finlandia, najniższą Litwa Polska i Łotwa.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 2; 1014-1027
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Techno-economic Assessment of Retrofitting Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System – Case Study
    Autorzy:
    Alsalem, Yazan
    Ayadi, Osama
    Asfar, Jamil Al
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201603.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    retrofitting HVAC
    boiler system
    LCCA
    life cycle cost analysis
    GHG emissions
    greenhouse gas emissions
    VRF system
    variable refrigerant flow
    energy audit
    Opis:
    Retrofitting heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in existing buildings and applying energy-efficient technologies can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions. In this work, two options of HVAC retrofitting were proposed and discussed for the existing heating system of school of engineering at the University of Jordan as a case study. The experimental tests showed that only one of the three diesel boilers work normally while the other two boilers are not efficient, with actual efficiency of 25%. The first retrofitting was to upgrade the existing heating system to a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) boiler system with estimated annual saving of 29,757 Jordanian dinar (JOD), and a payback period of 3.9 years. The second option for retrofitting was a new HVAC system for the building including heating and air conditioning with a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system and heat pump chiller. The estimated cost showed that the VRF system was the lowest one in running cost in winter. The diesel boilers had the highest greenhouse gas emissions with an average value of 377.3 tons of CO2 per year, while LPG boilers achieved the second highest emissions of around 279 tons of CO2 per year, whereas the heat pump chiller in winter produced 199 tons of CO2 and the VRF system emitted 180 tons in winter. The LCCA economic analysis was performed for the proposed systems, showing that the LPG boilers system was more feasible than the diesel boilers system, while the VRF system was more feasible than the heat pump chiller system.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 3; 153--168
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potencjał hydrorafinowanego oleju roślinnego (ang. HVO - Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) jako biopaliwa wysokoreaktywnego w dwupaliwowych układach zasilania
    The potential of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) as a high reactive biofuel in dual fuel systems
    Autorzy:
    Chojnowski, Janusz
    Nogas, Patrycja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    hydrorafinowany olej roślinny
    HVO
    CO2
    zasilanie dwupaliwowe
    zapłon samoczynny o kontrolowanej reaktywności
    RCCI
    gaz cieplarniany
    GHG
    dual-fuel
    reactivity controlled compression ignition
    greenhouse gas
    Opis:
    w czasach intensywnych badań dotyczących zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych do atmosfery z sektora motoryzacyjnego inżynierowie i badacze znajdują efektywne rozwiązania umożliwiające osiągnięcie ten cel. Emisję dwutlenku węgla można zmniejszyć poprzez zwiększenie sprawności silnika spalinowego lub zmniejszenie zawartości węgla w spalanym paliwie. Połączeniem obu tych założeń może być wykorzystanie nowoczesnych układów zasilania dwupaliwowego do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym (zs), w których dawką pilotażową paliwa wysokoreaktywnego jest hydrorafinowany olej roślinny HVO) będący ekologicznym substytutem oleju napędowego. temat wykorzystania HVO jako paliwa pilotażowego jest niezbadany empirycznie, jednak informacje dostępne na jego temat wskazują na zasadność takich zastosowań.
    In times of increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from the automotive sector, engineers and researchers are finding effective solutions to achieve this goal. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or by reducing the carbon content in the fuel burned. The combination of both of these assumptions can be the use of modern dual-fuel systems for diesel engines in which the pilot dose of highly reactive fuel is hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which is an ecological substitute for diesel oil. The topic of the use of HVO as a pilot fuel is empirically unexplored, however the available information on it indicates the validity of such applications.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2021, 70, 2; 73--87
    1234-5865
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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