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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Basic set of experiments for determination of mechanical properties of sand
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Mierczyński, J.
    Świdziński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202447.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    mechanical properties
    experimental determination
    Opis:
    A basic set of experiments for the determination of mechanical properties of sands is described. This includes the determination of basic physical and mechanical properties, as conventionally applied in soil mechanics, as well as some additional experiments, which provide further information on mechanical properties of granular soils. These additional experiments allow for determination of steady state and instability lines, stress-strain relations for isotropic loading and pure shearing, and simple cyclic shearing tests. Unconventional oedometric experiments are also presented. Necessary laboratory equipment is described, which includes a triaxial apparatus equipped with local strain gauges, an oedometer capable of measuring lateral stresses and a simple cyclic shearing apparatus. The above experiments provide additional information on soil’s properties, which is useful in studying the following phenomena: pre-failure deformations of sand including cyclic loading compaction, pore-pressure generation and liquefaction, both static and caused by cyclic loadings, the effect of sand initial anisotropy and various instabilities. An important feature of the experiments described is that they make it possible to determine the initial state of sand, defined as either contractive or dilative. Experimental results for the “Gdynia” model sand are shown.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 1; 129-137
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Study on Pre-Failure Deformations of Granular Soils
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241240.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    pre-failure deformations
    instability line
    Opis:
    A simple model describing pre-failure deformations of granular soils is derived on the basis of a wide range of experimental data. The model is defined by two incremental equations describing the volumetric and deviatoric strains. Functions appearing in governing equations were determined from experiments performed in the triaxial apparatus, with additional measurements of lateral strains for some simple stress paths. These functions are different for loading and unloading, and have different shapes for contractive and dilative soil samples. The instability line is built into the structure of the model. The incremental equations were applied to predict the soil behaviour during anisotropic compression, including determination of the K0-line. Some basic statistical characteristics of the initial density index of investigated soils and deformations during isotropic compression are presented.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2007, 54, 3; 183-206
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of Stresses in a Dry Sand Layer Tested on Shaking Table
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Kulczykowski, M.
    Jankowski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241242.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    cyclic loadings
    shaking table
    dynamics
    Opis:
    Theoretical analysis of shaking table experiments, simulating earthquake response of a dry sand layer, is presented. The aim of such experiments is to study seismic-induced compaction of soil and resulting settlements. In order to determine the soil compaction, the cyclic stresses and strains should be calculated first. These stresses are caused by the cyclic horizontal acceleration at the base of soil layer, so it is important to determine the stress field as function of the base acceleration. It is particularly important for a proper interpretation of shaking table tests, where the base acceleration is controlled but the stresses are hard to measure, and they can only be deduced. Preliminary experiments have shown that small accelerations do not lead to essential settlements, whilst large accelerations cause some phenomena typical for limit states, including a visible appearance of slip lines. All these problems should be well understood for rational planning of experiments. The analysis of these problems is presented in this paper. First, some heuristic considerations about the dynamics of experimental system are presented. Then, the analysis of boundary conditions, expressed as resultants of respective stresses is shown. A particular form of boundary conditions has been chosen, which satisfies the macroscopic boundary conditions and the equilibrium equations. Then, some considerations are presented in order to obtain statically admissible stress field, which does not exceed the Coulomb-Mohr yield conditions. Such an approach leads to determination of the limit base accelerations, which do not cause the plastic state in soil. It was shown that larger accelerations lead to increase of the lateral stresses, and the respective method, which may replace complex plasticity analyses, is proposed. It is shown that it is the lateral stress coefficient K0 that controls the statically admissible stress field during the shaking table experiments.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2012, 59, 3-4; 101-112
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Deformations and stability of granular soils: Classical triaxial tests and numerical results from an incremental model
    Autorzy:
    Sławińska-Budzich, Justyna
    Mierczyński, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178180.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    constitutive equation
    granular soils
    deformation
    instability
    stability
    Opis:
    This article presents a modified incremental model describing pre-failure deformations of granular soils under classical triaxial conditions. The original shape of equations has been proposed by Sawicki and Świdziński [40, 41]. A new form of equations that are consistent with the proposed definitions of deviatoric loading and unloading is suggested. Triaxial tests necessary for calibrating the proposed model have been performed. The modified model is used to simulate the deformations and stability of sand for every pre-failure loading path and makes it possible to describe the behaviour of granular soil under both drained and undrained conditions. A comparison of experimental and numerical results is presented. All investigations were performed in a classical tri-axial apparatus.
    Źródło:
    Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2020, 42, 2; 137-150
    0137-6365
    2083-831X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strains in Sand Due to Cyclic Loading in Triaxial Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Mierczyński, J.
    Świdziński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241087.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    cyclic loadings
    granular soils
    permanent strains
    triaxial conditions
    Opis:
    The experimental results dealing with the cyclic loading of sand samples in triaxial conditions are presented. These results show the development of both the volumetric and deviatoric permanent strains due to a large number of loading cycles. The analysis of experimental data has led to the formulation of semi-empirical constitutive equations, expressed in the incremental form, for these strains as functions of the cyclic shear stress amplitude, number of loading cycles and the initial stress state, around which the cyclic shearing takes place.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2009, 56, 1-2; 85-98
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Deformations and liquefaction of granular soils in plane strain conditions
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Sławińska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241416.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    deformations
    liquefaction
    stability
    plane strain conditions
    Opis:
    An incremental model is proposed to describe pre-failure behaviour of granular soils in plane strain conditions. The model has been derived from an approach applied in the analysis of triaxial tests. We have applied the methods of tensor algebra to transfer our triaxial results to a 2D case. The model describes the pre-failure deformations of fully drained sands and phenomena associated with undrained response such as static liquefaction. This model has a simple structure in the form of incremental equations. For some simple loading paths, these equations can be integrated analytically. For more complex loading paths a simple numerical algorithms will be sufficient. The model takes into account an initial anisotropy of soil which is ignored in most models. It also takes into account the initial state of soil, defined as rather contractive or dilative, in addition to classical geotechnical division into loose and dense sands. The proposed constitutive equations allow the study of pre-failure instabilities of sand, and some examples are presented. We have also derived analytically the equation for an instability line.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2012, 59, 1-2; 13-35
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    3D and 2D Formulations of Incremental Stress-Strain Relations for Granular Soils
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    pre-failure deformations
    instability
    anisotropy
    constitutive equation
    Opis:
    3D formulation of incremental relations, describing pre-failure deformations of granular soils, is presented. The starting point are respective equations formulated previously for the axi-symmetrical configuration, as that in the tri-axial apparatus. These relations, proposed for particular configuration, are generalized in the form of tensor equations for the strain increments. Similarly, the loading/unloading criterion and the instability line have been generalized for 3D conditions. A kind of cross-isotropy of granular soil is taken into account. Then, the incremental stress-strain relations for the plane strain state are re-derived from general equations, as such conditions are most often used for simulations of practically important problems. The procedure proposed in this paper is practically oriented, as the soil parameters can be determined just from the tri-axial tests.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2008, 55, 1-2; 45-53
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pore-Pressure Generation and Liquefaction of Granular Soil Tested in Triaxial Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Mierczyński, J.
    Sawicki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241325.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    cyclic loadings
    granular soils
    triaxial conditions
    pore-pressure generation
    liquefaction
    Opis:
    The paper deals with modelling of pore-pressure generation in saturated sand subjected to triaxial cyclic loading in undrained conditions. The model proposed links the pore-pressure generation with the cyclic loading induced compaction of the same sand, but tested in fully drained conditions. The governing equation for the pore-pressure changes is derived from the assumption that no volumetric strain develops in saturated sand in undrained conditions. The numerical solutions are compared with experimental data, for a large number of loading cycles.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2009, 56, 3-4; 139-147
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stress-strain relations for dry and saturated sands. Part II: Predictions
    Związki naprężenie-odkształcenie dla piasków suchych i nawodnionych. Część II: Predykcje
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Świdziński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280052.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    stress-strain characteristics
    pre-failure behaviour
    instability
    liquefaction
    anisotropy
    Opis:
    In the second part of the paper, the incremental constitutive model, described in details in Part I, was verified against the experimental data obtained from the stress paths different that those used for model calibration. The differential equations defining the model were integrated for various stress paths such as anisotropic consolidation including oedometric conditions, standard triaxial compression, spherical unloading of fully drained soil as well and shearing of water saturated sand in undrained conditions. The behaviour of both initially contractive and dilative soil was considered. Theoretical predictions were compared with the respective experimental data. In all cases examined, the agreement between predictions and experimental data seems to be quite good.
    W części II przedstawiono predykcje modelu przyrostowego dla ścieżek naprężenia innych niż te stosowane przy kalibracji. Równania przyrostowe scałkowano dla ścieżek naprężenia i odkształcenia odpowiadających następującym warunkom: anizotropowa konsolidacja, warunki edometryczne, standardowa próba trójosiowa, sferyczne odciążenie przy stałym dewiatorze oraz ścinanie nawodnionego gruntu w warunkach bez odpływu wody z porów. Rozpatrzono reakcję gruntu w początkowym stanie dylatywnym i kontraktywnym. Predykcje teoretyczne porównano z wynikami doświadczeń. Wykazano dobrą zgodność tych predykcji z eksperymentem.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2010, 48, 2; 329-343
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stress-strain relations for dry and saturated sands. Part I: Incremental model
    Związki naprężenie-odkształcenie dla piasków suchych i nawodnionych. Część I: Model przyrostowy
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Świdziński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280088.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    stress-strain characteristics
    pre-failure behaviour
    instability
    liquefaction
    anisotropy
    Opis:
    The incremental model describing the pre-failure behaviour of granular soils is proposed. Firstly, the constitutive equations are derived from the extensive set of experimental data, for the triaxial configuration. The following features are included into the model: initial anisotropy, initial state of sand (i.e. either dilative or contractive), instability line. Then, the incremental constitutive equations are generalized to the 3D case, using techniques of tensor algebra. Finally, the model is re-derived for the undrained conditions in order to predict such phenomena as, for example, static liquefaction. The approach presented is an alternative to already classical approaches as the elasto-plasticity or hypoplasticity. The paper consists of two parts. Part I deals with the formulation of the model and its calibration, whereas Part II is devoted to verification of the model against experimental results.
    Zaproponowano model przyrostowy opisujący zachowanie się gruntów sypkich przed osiągnięciem stanu granicznego. Równania konstytutywne wyprowadzono bezpośrednio ze związków naprężenie-odkształcenie, otrzymanych z badań trójosiowych. W modelu uwzględniono początkową anizotropię gruntu, jego stan początkowy (dylatywny lub kontraktywny) oraz linię niestabilności. Równania przyrostowe zostały uogólnione na przypadek trójwymiarowy, zgodnie z regułami algebry tensorowej. Model zastosowano do symulacji zachowania się nawodnionego gruntu w warunkach bez odpływu wody z porów, co prowadzi między innymi do zjawiska upłynnienia. Przedstawione podejście jest alternatywą do modeli sprężysto-plastycznych oraz hipoplastycznych. Część I pracy dotyczy sformułowania modelu i jego kalibracji, a w części II przedstawiono predykcje modelu, które porównano z wynikami doświadczeń.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2010, 48, 2; 309-328
    1429-2955
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mechanical Properties of Granular Soils: Triaxial versus Plane Strain Investigations
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Sławińska, J.
    Mierczyński, J.
    Smyczyński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    mechanical properties of granular soils
    triaxial investigations
    true triaxial apparatus
    liquefaction
    Opis:
    The paper compares the pre-failure behavior of granular soils investigated in the classical triaxial apparatus and in the true triaxial apparatus, under plane strain conditions. Both experiments are described within the framework of an incremental model of the pre-failure behavior of sands. The methods of tensor algebra are used to compare theoretical predictions with experimental results. The analysis presented deals with the pre-failure deformations of fully drained sand, aswell as with its undrained behavior, including static liquefaction and the specific behavior of an initially dilative soil. Some key questions of soil mechanics are discussed, for instance, whether soil parameters determined from one configuration, such as triaxial conditions, can be applied in other cases.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2016, 63, 2-3; 135-156
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Drained Against Undrained Behaviour of Sand
    Autorzy:
    Sawicki, A.
    Świdziński, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
    Tematy:
    granular soils
    stress-strain characteristics
    instability line
    dilative and contractive behaviour
    static liquefaction
    Opis:
    The incremental constitutive equations describing the pre-failure deformations of sand are presented. These equations were calibrated on the basis of extensive experimental data, obtained from investigations performed in a triaxial apparatus. Incremental equations were calibrated separately for initially contractive and dilative soil samples. Then, they were applied to predict the undrained behaviour of saturated soil samples. In the case of contractive soils, the constitutive equations describe the effective stress paths leading to the static liquefaction. In the case of dilative soils, the effective stress path is different, as the mean effective stress initially decreases, and after passing the instability line, it starts to increase, asymptotically reaching the failure envelope. Theoretical predictions of undrained behaviour are supported by experimental data. The original feature of this paper is that one can predict the undrained behaviour of saturated granular soils on the basis of stress-strain characteristics of the same soil but dry or tested in drained conditions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2007, 54, 3; 207-222
    1231-3726
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prędkość wznoszenia kapilarnego w gruntach niespoistych
    The speed of capillary raise in granular soils
    Autorzy:
    Wysocka, M.
    Szypcio, Z.
    Tymosiak, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/402767.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    grunty niespoiste
    kapilarność czynna
    prędkość wznoszenia kapilarnego
    granular soils
    active capillarity
    capillary raise speed
    Opis:
    W pacy przedstawiono wyniki badań kapilarności czynnej i prędkości podciągania kapilarnego w piaskach średnich i pospółkach o różnym stopniu zagęszczenia. Maksymalna wysokość podciągania kapilarnego (kapilarność czynna) jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna do wskaźnika porowatości e i średnicy miarodajnej d10. Prędkości podciągania kapilarnego w gruntach niespoistych są duże w początkowej fazie i szybko maleją wraz z upływem czasu. Dla piasków średnich zagęszczonych stabilizacja wysokości podciągania może następować po kilkudziesięciu lub kilkuset godzinach.
    The paper presents test results of capillary raise speed in medium sand or sand and gravel mix at different degree of compaction. The maximum value of capillary raise (active capillarity) is inversely proportional to void ratio (e) and grain diameter (d10). The values of capillary raise speed in granular soils are high in the initial phase and then decrease over time. In medium compacted sands capillary raise may stabilise within more then ten to more then hundred hours (few days).
    Źródło:
    Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska; 2013, 4, 2; 167-172
    2081-3279
    Pojawia się w:
    Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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