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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 273
Tytuł:
Wskaźnikowa analiza stanu lasów karpackich w latach 1967−2006
Indicator analysis of the Carpathian forest condition in the years 1967-2006
Autorzy:
Zięba, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Karpaty
lasy gorskie
gospodarka lesna
zasoby lesne
struktura zasobow lesnych
wiek drzewostanu
zasobnosc drzewostanu
struktura przerebowo-zrebowa
analiza wskaznikowa
forests of the carpatians
timber resources
average age
forests beyond regeneration time
Opis:
The paper is an attempt to evaluate the forest management pursued in the mountains on the basis of the analysis of the volume and structure of Carpathian forest resources in the space of nearly forty years, i.e. from 1967 till 2006. The studies comprised 68 forest divisions (previously having the rank of forest districts) covering an area of 467,226 hectares of forests administered by the State Forests National Forest Holding and forests of the Forest Experimental Station in Krynica. The same research method and research material as in 1967 were used for the comparison of the results. The material included overall inventory results obtained from individual forest divisions, so−called "tables of age classes by dominant species".
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 07; 478-487
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany awifauny leśnej Polski na tle działań gospodarczych, zmian klimatycznych i zaburzeń przyrodniczych
Changes in Polish forest avifauna on the background economic activities, climate changes and natural disturbances
Autorzy:
Zawadzka, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/882043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
lasy
fauna
ptaki
populacje zwierzat
zmiany liczebnosci
wskaznik liczebnosci pospolitych ptakow lesnych
czynniki gospodarcze
gospodarka lesna
zmiany klimatyczne
Opis:
Ptaki mogą szybko reagować zmianami liczebności zarówno na negatywne, jak również korzystne zmiany zachodzące w ekosystemach. Z tego względu ptaki są uznawane za dobre gatunki wskaźnikowe jakości środowiska, a niektóre także za gatunki parasolowe. W ramach Monitoringu Ptaków Polski w 21 podprogramach gromadzone są dane dotyczące ok. 162 gatunków ptaków lęgowych. Wskaźnik liczebności pospolitych ptaków leśnych Forest Bird Index wyliczany jest w oparciu o dane dotyczące 34 rozpowszechnionych gatunków, które związane są z terenami leśnymi. Są to ptaki niewyspecjalizowane, zasiedlające różnego typu środowiska z obecnością drzew. Wartość FBI w latach 2000-2014 wzrosła o 25%. Wzrostowy trend wskaźnika FBI nie daje bezpośrednich podstaw do oceny jakości gospodarki leśnej w polskich lasach. Wzrost liczebności wykazuje także większość gatunków ptaków szponiastych oraz żuraw Grus grus. Spośród leśnych specjalistów trendy wzrostowe mają dzięcioły, jarząbek Tetrastes bonasia oraz sowy, silne spadki głuszec Tetrao urogallus oraz cietrzew Lyrurus tetrix. Przyczynami obserwowanych zmian liczebności i zasięgów ptaków leśnych są przede wszystkim wzrost lesistości oraz ocieplenie klimatu, sprzyjające wzrostowi liczebności migrantów krótkodystansowych oraz przesuwaniu północnej granicy zasięgu przez gatunki południowoeuropejskie. Częściowo na obserwowane trendy wpływa także pozytywnie gospodarka leśna. Zmiana awifauny następuje także w wyniku zaburzeń. Na obszarze zniszczonego lasu wysoką liczebność osiągają gatunki wstępnej fazy sukcesji leśnej lelek Caprimulgus europaeus, lerka Lullula arborea oraz lokalnie cietrzew.
Changes in Polish forest avifauna on the background of economic activities, climate changes and natural disturbances. Birds can respond quickly to changes in the number both negative and favorable changes in habitat. For this reason, birds are considered to be a good indicator of environmental quality and some also as umbrella species. 162 breeding birds species are monitored within the Monitoring of Birds of Poland in 21 separate projects. The Forest Bird Index (FBI) is calculated on the basic of trends of 34 widespread species, connected with forest areas. Those birds are not specialized species, they live in diff erent environments with trees. The value of FBI increased at 25% between years 2000-2014. The growth trend of FBI does not give direct basis to assess the quality of forest management in Polish forests. Most of birds of prey and the crane Grus grus show also the increase of number. Among forest specialists, woodpeckers, the hazel grouse Tetrastes bonasia and owls have extend population trends, and the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix strong decrease. The causes of observed changes are most of all increasing of forest cover area and the global warming, favoring development of short distance migrants number and moving of the northern edge of breeding range by species from South of Europe. Forest management may partly good aff ected on observed population trends in birds. Changes in avifauna are also observed as a result of natural disturbances in forest ecosystems. The high number achieve species of initial phase of forest succession: the nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea and locally the black grouse.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2016, 18, 1[46]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozyskanie drewna w nadleśnictwach Puszczy Białowieskiej w latach 2008-2015
Harvest of timber in forest districts of the Bialowieza Forest in 2008-2015
Autorzy:
Zastocki, D.
Lachowicz, H.
Sadowski, J.
Moskalik, T.
Nietupska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Puszcza Bialowieska
gospodarka lesna
nadlesnictwa
pozyskiwanie drewna
sortymenty drewna
lata 2008-2015
białowieża forest
cutting categories
assortments
nature−valuable areas
Opis:
The paper presents a multifaceted structure of timber harvest in 2008−2015 in the Białowieża, Browsk and Hajnówka forest districts located in the Białowieża Forest. The object of the research, including the Białowieża National Park being a remnant of the primeval forests, is considered one of the most valuable forest areas of natural origin in Europe. The studies were made on the basis of the data from the reports created by the State Forests Information System and forest management plans, as well as the nature conservation programs of the surveyed forest districts. In the analysed period, a total of 665,032.5 m3 of merchantable timber was harvested in the analysed area. The highest volume of merchantable timber was harvested in the Browsk Forest District – 305,934 m3 (46%), then in the Hajnówka Forest District – 219,300 m3 (33%), with the lowest volume harvested in the Białowieża Forest District 139,788 m3 (21%). Among the individual assortment groups, the medium−sized timber was the most common and its harvested volume amounted to 413,579 m3, while the harvested volume of large−sized timber amounted to 251,454 m3. The lowest harvested volume concerned the small−sized timber and amounted to 21,652 m3. In the analysed period, softwood had the largest share in timber harvest and amounted to 443,469 m3. Hardwood was obtained in the volume of 243,215 m3. According to the cutting category, the timber harvest structure was as follows: the highest volume was harvested in pre− commercial thinning 382,495 m3 (54%), that from incidental felling amounted to 251,003 m3 (38%), while the lowest volume of harvested timber was from final cutting – 53,186 m3 (8%). Forest districts located in the Białowieża Forest encounter many difficulties affecting timber harvest. The main reason for this lies in the numerous restrictions imposed on the management of areas covered by various forms of nature protection, including the exclusion of some habitats, or stands of 100 years of age and older from management, which significantly affects the yield. The lack of a determined rotation age for stands in the Białowieża Forest also has a significant impact on timber harvest.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 11; 941-948
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intensywna gospodarka leśna na Południu Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej
Intensive Forest Management in the US South
Autorzy:
Zasada, M.
Siry, J.P.
Cieszewski, C.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
herbicydy
Stany Zjednoczone
gospodarka lesna
produkcyjnosc lasu
lasy
ochrona lasu
nawozenie
lesnictwo
uprawa plantacyjna
drzewa lesne
intensive forest management
fertilization
herbicide
thinning
Opis:
Forest management profitability can be raised by increasing stand productivity, which comprises improving wood yields and quality. The United States of America provides a good example of intensive management techniques applied on large scale to substantially increase forest productivity. Experiences of the U.S. South's forestry sector provide evidence that research−based intensive growth technologies are the key factor in ensuring adequate wood supplies and in effectively promoting sustainable management of the region's forest resource. Management treatments such as applications of fertilizers and herbicides have yielded lard productivity increases to date. Genetic improvement also has yielded large productivity increases along with improving stem straightness, wood properties, and disease resistance. Modern timber growth technologies already make possible doubling or even tripling current pine growth rates, while research progress indicates that current growth technologies can be improved even further.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2004, 148, 02; 61-72
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasady gospodarki leśnej w kontekście troski o dobro wspólne i zdrowie publiczne w Polsce
Principles of forest management in the context of concern for the common welfare and public health in Poland
Autorzy:
Zamelski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
lasy
dobro wspolne
zdrowie publiczne
legal values
environment protection
benefits from forests
social development
Opis:
This study analyses the interdisciplinary issue of the objective of legal provisions regarding the four principles of forest management listed in the Act on Forests and their significance for the common welfare and public health in Poland. The common welfare consists of the general determinants necessary for the integral development of people and society, and these determinants include public health, which consists of organised activity focused on the health of the entire society. The scope of the study included selected aspects of the statutory principles of forest management in the Republic of Poland, which constitute one of the legal mechanisms for forest protection. The research examined legal acts and available literature. In the adopted study hypothesis, it was recognised that the principles of forest management applicable in the Republic of Poland in the intention of the legislator are to primarily serve the common welfare and public health, which does not exclude the existence of parallel goals. The principles of forest management consistently introduce the priority of nature conservation over other economic and social functions of forest areas. These principles aim not only to preserve existing forests, but also to increase their area or productivity. This is due to the recognition of forests as an irreplaceable and non− alternative social good, which determines the development of the state and society, introduces balance and self−regulation in the natural environment, and provides income from wood and other forest resources. The existence of healthy forests contributes to the improvement of society’s general health condition on many levels, including thanks to the improvement of air quality, the recreational values of forests, and the availability of forest flora and fauna. Thus, the obligations of forest owners arising from the statutory principles of forest management serve to achieve various social benefits, which constitute the common welfare, in particular, care for public health.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 658-663
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niektore rozwiazania praktyczne stosowane i proponowane w BULiGL na potrzeby ochrony przyrody w lasach
Some practical solutions practised and proposed by BULiGL for protection of nature in forests
Autorzy:
Zajaczkowski, S
Talarczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy
inwentaryzacja lasu
inwentaryzacja wielkopowierzchniowa
monitoring
wykorzystanie
ochrona przyrody
gospodarka lesna
urzadzanie lasu
prognozy oddzialywania na srodowisko
Opis:
Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy są zagadnienia dotyczące w szczególności sporządzania prognozy oddziaływania na środowisko, w tym także stopień szczegółowości informacji tam zawartych, a także niektórych kryteriów weryfikacji proponowanych rozwiązań.
This work presents the issues, in particular the preparation of environmental impact forecasts, including the degree of detail contained therein, as well as some criteria for the verification of the proposed solutions.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2009, 11, 2[21]; 217-225
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane cechy gospodarki lesnej w Polsce na tle krajow europejskich
Selected parameters of forest management in Poland against the background of European forests
Autorzy:
Zajac, S.
Lotz, D.
Mlynarski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
zasoby lesne
gospodarka lesna
lasy
stan zdrowotny lasu
ochrona lasu
szkody w lesie
produkcja drewna
rynek drzewny
Polska
Unia Europejska
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2009, 70, 4; 411-418
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
[Z literatury] Stojanow W. Istorija na gorskoto stopanstwo na Bałgarija (Historia gospodarstwa leśnego w Bułgarii). Cz. I, Sofia 1968, s. 273. Wydawnictwo Bułgarskiej Akademii Nauk
Autorzy:
Zabko-Potopowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/814990.pdf
Data publikacji:
1971
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
historia
ksiazki
recenzje
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1971, 115, 04
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza ekonomiczna gospodarki przeszłej w planie urządzenia lasu
Economic analysis of the past economy in the forest management plan
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
plan urzadzania lasu
gospodarka lesna
efektywnosc ekonomiczna
koszty
nadlesnictwa
analiza gospodarki przeszlej
produkcja lesna
koszty produkcji
koszty administracyjne
forest management plan
economic efficiency
employment
costs
revenues
forest fund
Opis:
The State Forests, National Forest Holding, is increasingly burdened with the costs of nature protection, recreational development and certification. As a consequence, there is an increase in costs and limitations in forest management. The emphasis is also on different social and environmental functions, and as a result, income from the sale of wood becomes smaller. The aim of the study is to verify the concept of an analysis of the past economy in conditions of variable costs of forest administration and production (period of 10 years), which is the basis of looking for solutions to improve the efficiency of financial management at the level of the forest district. The case study was based on the forest district located in Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krakow (southern Poland). The current forest management plan is valid for 2014−2023 period. The analysis of the past economy covers the years 2005−2014, that was nine years of validity of the previous plan of the forest management plan and the first year of validity of the current plan. Issues discussed include: cost and revenue analysis, timber sales, forest management, employment and wages, side−line activities, infrastructure management, maintenance of supervision over forests of other forms of ownership or cash flows of forest funds. Described forest district is an administrative unit with a small forest area and a large fragmentation of forest complexes. The level of the deficit was not significant, and in recent years has been decreasing. In the period under analysis, the increase in costs was proportional to the increase in revenues. The share of administrative activity costs remained at a similar level. Administrative expenses were higher than the costs of core operations. The low level of primary activity costs resulted mainly from low investment outlays. Investments in road infrastructure may be connected with increasing the attractiveness of the entity in the eyes of wood buyers and, consequently, an increase in the prices of wood raw material. In the period under analysis, the forest district undertook activities aimed at optimizing the employment. These activities led to a significant reduction in the number of employees.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 02; 91-102
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza porównawcza w średniookresowym planowaniu ekonomicznym w nadleśnictwie
Benchmarking in medium-term economic planning in the forest district
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
nadlesnictwa
gospodarka lesna
analiza ekonomiczna
analiza kosztow
analiza przychodow
analiza porownawcza
forest management plan
economic assessment
economic efficiency
benchmarking
Opis:
Planned forest management is carried out based on the forest management planning (PUL) operations prepared for a 10−year economic period. The economic expertise may omit a detailed organizational analysis of the company, as well as indications regarding the search for strategic solutions. The following study aims to present a method for analysing the economic consequences of forest management activities by the forest district in the context of selected forest districts. A new element, in relation to the content of the forest management plan, is the inclusion in the economic expertise (EEN) of the economic analysis of the forest district in the context of other forest districts (benchmarking). Due to the fact that economic data are sensitive data, information about the name of the forest district under analysis and comparator districts are not given in the publication. The most important management and economic indicators for the forest district should be presented against the background of the results of similar and extreme units in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests (RDSF) in the relation to the district inspected. It was assumed that the forest district, for which EEN will be developed, will be compared with the four forest districts of RDSF. Data and the scope of the EEN must provide the possibility of its updating in any period of validity of the PUL, especially in situations when phenomena occur that fundamentally change the planned scope, time, place and size of economic tasks. The forest district, analysed in the context of comparison units, should pay special attention to the proportions between the costs of the core activity, and thus the main part of the activity, and the administrative costs. Analysing the economic efficiency of forest management, apart from the quantitative dimension of obtaining timber, it is necessary to pay attention to the value dimension. Costs incurred by the superintendences for employment of employees constitute the main group of administrative costs. It should be incur in mind that the structure of costs and revenues in the superintendence depends largely on natural conditions. Irrespective of the specific character of the forest district, the main revenue group is revenue from the sales title acquired in the forest district. In turn, a significant group of costs are employment costs of employees and other administrative costs. Revenues do not depend only on the quantity of timber harvested and sold, but also on its quality and species. Administrative costs should be limited by adjusting them to tasks in the field of forest management, sales of timber and local specificity of the unit. The costs of forest management depend mainly on the conditions under which forest management is carried out.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 279-291
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja prywatno-państwowej spółki leśnej
Concept of private-public forest company
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
lasy panstwowe
lasy prywatne
zarzadzanie
spolki
company
private forests
public forests
management
Opis:
The aim of the paper was to develop a concept of private−public forest company. Suggested management model in private forests differs significantly from the one that is currently functioning. General partnership as business entity was analysed. Concept of partnership was developed and assumptions necessary for its functioning were considered.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 11; 803-810
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metodyczne założenia analizy ekonomicznej gospodarki leśnej w planowaniu urządzeniowym
Methodical assumptions to economic analysis in forest management planning
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
gospodarka lesna
analiza ekonomiczna
metodyka
forest management plan
economic evaluation
economic efficiency
Opis:
The forest management plan is the basic document on which the functioning of the forest district in a ten−years−long perspective is based. To maximize the usage, the economic expertise of the forest district administration (EEN) utilises in the large part of the analyses data available in the Information System of the State Forests, which can be obtained at the forest district level. The EEN consists of three basic parts: the general characteristics of the forest district, analysis of the past economy and a prognostic analysis. To preserve the operational character of the information, the most important parameters set for the forest district should be compared with the values for selected forest districts from regional directorates of the State Forests. The quality of the prognostic part of EEN depends primarily on the correctness of the adopted indicators and set values in the part analysing the effects of the past economy. The significance of this part of the EEN means that it should contain the most important elements related to plannable economic events and the related economic consequences. The introductory part of the EEN should start with presenting the background, the period and the principles of forest district functioning. One should remember that this document is not only prepared for the forest environment, but also for the people not related to forestry. In the main part of the expertise the natural, organizational and economic conditions of the forest management implementation in the given forest district are presented in a synthetic form. The economic expertise of the forest district is an expert study. Its primary goal is to determine the economic consequences of the implementation of the forest management plan prepared based on a synthetic assessment of the results of the past economy, taking into account the current conditions in the medium−term planning. The economic expertise for the forest management plan may be an important tool in improving the functioning of forest district and planning at various levels of management. The data contained there also allow to follow the dynamics of economic phenomena in the organizational units of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 02; 91-100
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena funkcjonowania różnych typów spółek leśnych w warunkach zmiennych kosztów administracji i produkcji leśnej
Evaluation of forestry companies with differing administrative and production costs
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
ekonomika lesnictwa
gospodarka lesna
lasy prywatne
lasy panstwowe
spolki
zarzadzanie
funkcjonowanie
koszty administracyjne
produkcja lesna
Opis:
This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the improvement of private forest management in Poland. It examines characteristics of various types of forestry companies encompassing either completely private forests or a mixture of private and state-owned forests. Different possibilities for operating private and state-owned forestry companies were examined. The assessment of forestry companies was carried out for three categories based on forest inventory data and economic information. Each of the categories contained three different types of forestry companies classified as follows: I – companies managing private forests only, II – companies managing both private and state-owned forests (e.g. those managed by a state-run forest district), III – the same as in II but assuming minimal costs. The different types of forestry companies were then subjected to a more detailed analysis with respect to the following factors: A – only their own administrative costs, B – administrative costs and overheads assumed to be the same as in the State Forests, C – overheads assumed to be the same as in the State Forests but administrative costs are calculated as in A. For each of the scenarios, income, costs and revenues were calculated. The different types of forestry companies established above also allowed for an assessment of the used data and their collection. In conclusion, incomes of the forestry companies were generally low due to forest stands being managed by companies. Only in scenario A, which assumes very low management costs, did each of the company types gain revenues. This means that the main direction for the development of forestry companies should be to maintain low management costs.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2017, 78, 1
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 273

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