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Tytuł:
A PPP baseline approach for bridge passing
Autorzy:
Lass, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
inland waterways
precise point positioning
Global Navigation Satellite System
multisensor data fusion
multi-antenna
navigation and timing
inertial navigation system
rate of turn
Opis:
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are increasingly used as the main source of Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information for inland water navigation. In order to enable automated driving and facilitate driver assistant functions, it becomes of crucial importance to ensure high reliability and accuracy of the GNSS-based navigation solution, especially in challenging environments. One challenging phase of inland waterway navigation is bridge passing which leads to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects such as multipath and loss of tracking. This work presents a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) based algorithm in a two-antenna system where one antenna is at the bow and the other is at the stern. Additionally, gyroscope data from an IMU is used. In contrast to a separated position calculation of the two antennas, only one antenna position is estimated and the other is derived from the baseline between the antennas. This allows for accurate positioning even if one antenna does not receive any GNSS measurements. The presented scheme is evaluated using real measurement data from an inland water scenario with multiple bridges. In comparison with a standard PPP scheme as well as an RTK algorithm, the presented approach shows clear advantages in challenging scenarios.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 1; 33--40
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An adaptive method based on PC-Kriging for system reliability analysis of truss structures
Autorzy:
Chen, Pengyu
Zhao, Cunbao
Yao, He
Zhao, Shengnan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
trade-off
truss structures
system reliability analysis
global metamodel
local metamodel
representative failure modes
Opis:
In practice, a truss consists of a large number of members which makes it a complex system. This leads to difficulties to estimate the system reliability due to computational costs. An adaptive method is thereby proposed to deal with this issue. It constructs a global metamodel to quickly estimate the rough reliability index of a truss. According to the estimated reliability index, the differential evolution algorithm is performed to generate more samples located in an expanded domain so that more representative failure modes can be identified. Combined with AK-SYSi, local metamodels of representative failure mods are built, and updated through active learning. When the convergence criterion is satisfied, the results of system reliability analysis can be obtained. Eventually, two examples of truss structures are studied to illustrate the superiority of the proposed method in balancing accuracy and efficiency. The results indicate that the proposed method makes a good balance between accuracy and efficiency when it is applied to analyze the system reliability of the truss.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2023, 25, 3; art. no. 169497
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne jako wymiar bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego
Health Security as a Dimension of International Security
Autorzy:
Pietraś, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25805894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne
zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego
sekurytyzacja
bezpieczeństwo jednostki ludzkiej
globalne zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem zdrowotnym
narodowy system ochrony zdrowia
health security
threats to health security
securitization
human security
global governance of health security
national health protection system
Opis:
Health security is a dimension of international security, resulting from the securitization of its threats. The article proposes to include health security in the second generation of non-military dimensions of security (the first generation being those proposed by the Copenhagen school). The aim of the article is to analyze the specificity, i.e., autonomization, of health security in relation to: 1) the specificity of threats; 2) securitization of these threats; 3) determination of the referent object; 4) ensuring health security. The focus was on the structure of the phenomenon and the structure of each of its elements. Firstly, the specificity of securitization of health threats by a political entity such as the United States was analyzed in particular. Secondly, the human individual was taken into account as susceptible to health hazards. Thirdly, actions for health security were analyzed at the level of the international system and at the level of national health care systems.
Bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne jest wymiarem bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, skutkiem sekurytyzacji jego zagrożeń. W artykule zaproponowano zaliczenie bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego do drugiej generacji niewojskowych wymiarów bezpieczeństwa (pierwsza to te proponowane przez szkołę kopenhaską). Celem artykułu jest analiza specyfiki, swoistej autonomizacji bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego w odniesieniu do czterech elementów jego analizy: 1) specyfiki zagrożeń; 2) sekurytyzacji tych zagrożeń; 3) określenia podmiotu odniesienia; 4) zapewniania bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego. Skoncentrowano się na strukturze zjawiska i strukturze każdego z jego elementów. Analizie poddano – po pierwsze – specyfikę sekurytyzacji zagrożeń zdrowotnych przez podmiot polityczny, jakim są Stany Zjednoczone. Po drugie, uwzględniono jednostkę ludzką jako podatną na zagrożenia zdrowotne. Po trzecie, działania na rzecz bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego zanalizowano na poziomie systemu międzynarodowego i na poziomie narodowych systemów ochrony zdrowia.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2023, 78; 253-279
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles used in photogrammetric surveys
Autorzy:
Specht, M.
Widźgowski, S.
Stateczny, A.
Specht, C.
Lewicka, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201468.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
unmanned aerial vehicle
unmanned vehicles
photogrammetry
drone
inertial navigation system
hydrography
Global Navigation Satellite System
LiDAR
Opis:
There are many manufacturers on the market offering various types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The multitude of drones available on the market means that the choice of a UAV for a specific application appears to be a decision problem to be solved. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of drones used in photogrammetric surveys. The criteria for evaluating the UAVs were: availability and product support, payload (min. 5 kg), price (PLN 100,000), as well as space available for measurement modules. These are the requirements that must be met for the implementation of the INNOBAT project, the aim of which is to develop an integrated system using autonomous unmanned aerial and surface vehicles, intended for bathymetric monitoring in the coastal zone. The comparative analysis of drones was based on 27 companies producing UAV. Based on the analysis, 6 drones that met the project requirements were selected. They were: Aurelia X6 Pro, Aurelia X8 Standard LE, DroneHexa AG, FOX-C8 XT, Hercules 10 and Zoe X4. Selected UAVs differ from each other, among others, in the number of rotors, flight duration and resistance to weather conditions. Individual characteristics of drones may have a different rank depending on their application, therefore the selection of UAVs should be made after prioritisation criteria of a given project.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 2; 433--443
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Feature map augmentation to improve scale invariance in convolutional neural networks
Autorzy:
Kumar, Dinesh
Sharma, Dharmendra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Tematy:
convolutional neural network
feature map augmentation
global features
scale-invariant
vision system
Opis:
Introducing variation in the training dataset through data augmentation has been a popular technique to make Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) spatially invariant but leads to increased dataset volume and computation cost. Instead of data augmentation, augmentation of feature maps is proposed to introduce variations in the features extracted by a CNN. To achieve this, a rotation transformer layer called Rotation Invariance Transformer (RiT) is developed, which applies rotation transformation to augment CNN features. The RiT layer can be used to augment output features from any convolution layer within a CNN. However, its maximum effectiveness is shown when placed at the output end of final convolution layer. We test RiT in the application of scale-invariance where we attempt to classify scaled images from benchmark datasets. Our results show promising improvements in the networks ability to be scale invariant whilst keeping the model computation cost low.
Źródło:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2023, 13, 1; 51--74
2083-2567
2449-6499
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implikacje polityki rozszerzania NATO
Implications of NATO enlargement policy
Autorzy:
Zięba, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31233349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
NATO
Europe
USA
Russia
war in Ukraine
global international system
Europa
Rosja
wojna na Ukrainie
globalny system międzynarodowy
Opis:
Celem tego artykułu jest ukazanie z perspektywy neorealizmu implikacji pozimnowojennego rozszerzenia NATO. Implikacje te należy widzieć na wielu poziomach: (a) bezpieczeństwa nowych członków Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego, (b) USA i spoistości NATO, (c) Rosji, (d) militaryzacji stosunków w Europie, (e) wybuchu wojny między Rosją a Ukrainą, oraz (f) globalnego systemu międzynarodowego. Wojna na Ukrainie – będąca efektem m.in. polityki rozszerzania NATO – jest wojną zastępczą Rosji z NATO o konsekwencjach globalnych, które przyspieszają rekonfigurację całego ładu międzynarodowego.
The aim of this paper is to present the implications of post-Cold War NATO enlargement from the perspective of neorealism. These implications should be seen on many levels: (a) the security of the new members of the North Atlantic Alliance, (b) the USA and NATO cohesion, (c) Russia, (d) the militarization of relations in Europe, (e) the outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine, and (f) the global international system. The war in Ukraine – resulting from, among others, NATO’s expansion policy – is a proxy war between Russia and NATO with global consequences that accelerate the reconfiguration of the entire international order.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2023, 17; 113-126
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigate Bending Effect of Wearable GPS Patch Antenna with Denim and Polyester Fabric Substrate
Autorzy:
Radhakrishna, Kavinesh S.
Shakhirul, M. S.
Lee, Y. S.
Khairina, K. N.
Syafiqah, A. R. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
denim and polyester fabric substrates
textile antenna
global positioning system (GPS)
Opis:
In high technologies today, wearable devices have become popular. Wearable technology is a body sensing system that supports application of health observance and tracking through a wearable Global Positioning System (GPS). The design of the patch antennas is highly significant for the brilliance of the wearable patch antennas. This paper focuses on analyzing the bending effect on return loss and frequency between three types of GPS patch antenna. Types of GPS patch antennas that have been designed in this project are with different substrates and different designs. The wearable patch antenna has been designed and analyse using CST software. As a result, able to analysis the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, and analytical approach for patch antenna bending effect were obtained.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 2; 225--231
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model of the signal of the Galileo Satellite Navigation System
Autorzy:
Džunda, M.
Čikovský, S.
Melniková, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System
navigation system
Galileo
E1 signal
interference
chaotic impulse interference
narrowband interference
simulation method
Opis:
This article presents an analysis of the Galileo E1 signal and its sensitivity to different types of interference. The research involved modeling white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference and the effects of these interfering signals on the E1 signal. Based on the available information, spectral structures were created for the mentioned types of interference, and subsequently, these interferences were integrated into the E1 signal in the Matlab program environment. A Kallman filter was used to filter out white noise from the additive mixture of the E1 signal and white noise. The research aimed to analyze the influence of white noise, chaotic impulse interference, and narrowband interference on the spectral power density of the E1 signal. The results of this work can be used in the design of robust receivers and signal structures capable of withstanding these types of interference.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 1; 51--59
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A review of the importance of synchrophasor technology, smart grid, and applications
Autorzy:
Baba, Maveeya
Nor, Nursyarizal B.M.
Sheikh, Aman
Nowakowski, Grzegorz
Masood, Faisal
Rehman, Masood
Irfan, Muhammad
Arefin, Ahmed Amirul
Kumar, Rahul
Baba, A. Momin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
phasor measurement unit
PMU
micro-PMU
Global Positioning System
GPS
optimal PMU placement
smart grid
SG
jednostka pomiaru fazorów
mikro-PMU
globalny system pozycjonowania
optymalne rozmieszczenie PMU
sieć inteligentna
Opis:
The electrical network is a man-made complex network that makes it difficult to monitor and control the power system with traditional monitoring devices. Traditional devices have some limitations in real-time synchronization monitoring which leads to unwanted behavior and causes new challenges in the operation and control of the power systems. A Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an advanced metering device that provides an accurate real-time and synchronized measurement of the voltage and current waveforms of the buses in which the PMU devices are directly connected in the grid station. The device is connected to the busbars of the power grid in the electrical distribution and transmission systems and provides time-synchronized measurement with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the implementation and maintenance cost of the device is not bearable for the electrical utilities. Therefore, in recent work, many optimization approaches have been developed to overcome optimal placement of PMU problems to reduce the overall cost by providing complete electrical network observability with a minimal number of PMUs. This research paper reviews the importance of PMU for the modern electrical power system, the architecture of PMU, the differences between PMU, micro-PMU, SCADA, and smart grid (SG) relation with PMU, the sinusoidal waveform, and its phasor representation, and finally a list of PMU applications. The applications of PMU are widely involved in the operation of power systems ranging from power system control and monitor, distribution grid control, load shedding control and analyses, and state estimation which shows the importance of PMU for the modern world.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 6; art. no. e143826
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative maritime radio solutions for enhanced GMDSS network
Autorzy:
Ilcev, D. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
International Maritime Organization
International Mobile Satellite Organization
Global Maritime Distress
VHF Data Link
MF/HF-band navigation data
radio automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast
VHF data exchange system
Opis:
This paper introduces novel alternative maritime radio solutions for the improved Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) network and equipment within the Very High Frequency (VHF), Medium Frequency (MF) and High Frequency (HF) Ship Radio Station (SRS) terminals. Since its foundiing in 1959, International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states, in close co-operation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other international organizations, notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) and the Cospas-Sarsat partners, have striven to improve maritime distress and safety radiocommunications, as well as general radiocommunications for operational and personal purposes. This paper also reviews concept of the GMDSS network, an overview of new propsed by author maritime VHF Data Link (VDL), maritime Radio Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (RADS-B), an maritime GNSS Augmentation VDL-Broadcast (GAVDL-B). In addition, the type of the current radio Maritime VHF Data Exchange System (VDES), Maritime MF-band Navigational Telex (NAVTEX), and Maritime MF/HF-band Navigation Data (NAVDAT) are also described in this paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 259--265
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative maritime satellite solutions for enhanced GMDSS network
Autorzy:
Ilcev, D. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
International Maritime Organization
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Maritime Global Ship Tracking
Maritime GNSS Augmentation Satellite Data Link
Satellite Data Link
Integrated Radio-Automatic Identification System
International Mobile Satellite Organization
Opis:
In this paper are introduced alternative architectures for the novel development of the enhanced Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) satellite communication network and equipment within the Gostationary Erath Orbits (GEO and Non-GEO satellite constellations. Since its founding in 1959, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states, in close co-operation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other international organizations, notably the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) and Cospas-Sarsat partners, have striven to improve maritime distress and safety radio and satellite communications, as well as general communications for operational and personal purposes. This paper also reviews the principal concept of the GMDSS network, an overview of existing LRIT and maritime Integrated Radio-Automatic Identification System (R-AIS) and Satellite-AIS (S-AIS) networks. In addition, new proposed by author networks of the Satellite Data Link (SDL), Maritime GNSS Augmentation Satellite Data Link (GASDL), Maritime Global Ship Tracking (GST), and Maritime Satellite Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (SADS-B) are also described in this paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 267--272
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Interactive Graphical User Interface Module for Soldier Health and Position Tracking System
Autorzy:
Swedan, Wesam F.
Al Issa, Huthifa A.
Aloqoul, Ayat
Alkofahi, Hadeel
Obeidat, Rahaf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
graphical user interface
global positioning system
global system for mobile
bioinformatics
tracking system
Opis:
Soldiers are the backbone of any armed force. They usually lose their lives due to the lack of medical assistance in emergency situations. Furthermore, army bases face problems due to the inability to track soldiers’ locations in the field. Hence, this paper proposes an interactive graphical user interface module (IGUIM) for soldiers’ bioinformatics acquisition and emergency reaction during combat, a global positioning system (GPS) is used to track soldiers’ locations through a device carried by the soldier. Soldiers’ bioinformatics are gathered using health monitoring biosensors, bidirectional communication between the soldiers and the army base is established via a global system for mobile (GSM). The proposed interactive module aims to enumerate the soldiers on the battlefield within a database that easily facilitates health monitoring, position tracking and bidirectional communication with each soldier through their identification number. The proposed IGUIM will increase the rate of soldiers’ survival in emergencies, which contributes to preserving the human resources of the army during combat.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 3; 571-571
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Architecture of positioning and tracking solutions for maritime applications
Autorzy:
Ilcev, S.D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
ships tracking
Global Navigation Satellite System
satellite asset tracking
radio frequency
satellite transponder
tracking
positioning
global ship tracking
Opis:
This paper discusses the current and new satellite transponders for global tracking and detecting of oceangoing ships, assets, crew, passengers and any moving objects at sea for enhanced vessels traffic control and management. These transponders are able to monitor all maritime assets and to improve safety, security of movements and collision avoidance, especially during very bad weather conditions and visibility. By deployment of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in integration with Inmarsat, Iridium and other satellite systems in one unit with antenna, it is possible to provide reliable positioning and tracking solutions for civilian maritime, other mobiles and personnel at different Radio Frequency (RF) bands. The existing and forthcoming space and ground segment for positioning and tracking solutions as a modern Satellite Asset Tracking (SAT) onboard ships, and other relating systems are discussed and benefits of these new technologies and solution for improved positioning and tracking are explored.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 3; 481--489
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Architektura instytucjonalna a ryzyko krachu współczesnego systemu kapitalistycznego
Institutional architecture and the risk of the collapse of the modern capitalist system
Autorzy:
Zeman-Miszewska, Ewa
Miszewski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
system kapitalistyczny
kryzys globalny
cywilizacja
architektura instytucjonalna
instytucje nieformalne
capitalist system
global crisis
civilization
institutional architecture
informal institutions
Opis:
Cel – Wielopłaszczyznowy kryzys cywilizacyjny, którego jesteśmy świadkami, wywołuje w skali globalnej niewspółmiernie słabe reakcje obronne. Opracowanie zmierza do wykazania, że istotną przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy jest architektura instytucjonalna, tworzona i tworząca się nadal w toku ewolucji systemu kapitalistycznego. Metoda badań – Dociekania wykorzystują analizę instytucjonalną kapitalistycznego systemu społeczno-gospodarczego, a w szczególności wpływ specyficznych dla tego systemu instytucji na jego ewolucję. Wnioski – Konkluzja wywodów dotyczy możliwych wariantów kroków zaradczych niwelujących lub ograniczających zagrożenia dla trwałości systemu. Oryginalność/wartość/implikacje/rekomendacje – Opracowanie uzasadnia wagę prób zmiany dotychczasowego systemu gospodarki globalnej i wskazuje potencjalne bariery na drodze ratowania cywilizacji.
Purpose – The multifaceted civilization crisis which we are witnessing, generates disproportionately weak defense responses on a global scale. The study aims to show that the essential cause of this state of affairs is the institutional architecture, designed in the course of the evolution of the capitalist system. Research method – The article refers to the institutional analysis of the capitalist socio-economic system, and in particular of the impact of institutions specific to this system on its evolution. Results – The conclusion includes arguments concerning possible variants of remedial measures to eliminate or reduce threats to the system durability. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The study justifies the importance of attempts to change the current system of the global economy and indicates potential barriers in the way of saving our civilization.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2022, 1(107); 15-33
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental studies on the relationship between HDOP and position error in the GPS system
Autorzy:
Specht, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Global Positioning System
GPS
Horizontal Dilution of Precision
HDOP
position error
Opis:
2D position error in the Global Positioning System GPS depends on the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) and User Equivalent Range Error UERE. The non-dimensional HDOP coeffcient, determining the influence of satellite distribution on the positioning accuracy, can be calculated exactly for a given moment in time. However, the UERE value is a magnitude variable in time, especially due to errors in radio propagation (ionosphere and troposphere effects) and it cannot be precisely predicted. The variability of the UERE causes the actual measurements (despite an exact theoretical mathematical correlation between the HDOP value and the position error) to indicate that position errors differ for the same HDOP value. The aim of this article is to determine the relation between the GPS position error and the HDOP value. It is possible only statistically, based on an analysis of an exceptionally large measurement sample. To this end, measurement results of a 10-day GPS measurement campaign (900,000 fixes) have been used. For HDOP values (in the range of 0.6-1.8), position errors were recorded and analysed to determine the statistical distribution of GPS position errors corresponding to various HDOP values. The experimental study and statistical analyses showed that the most common HDOP values in the GPS system are magnitudes of: 0.7 ( = 0.353) and 0.8 ( = 0.432). Only 2.77% of fixes indicated an HDOP value larger than 1. Moreover, 95% of measurements featured a geometric coeffcient of 0.973 - this is why it can be assumed that in optimal conditions (without local terrain obstacles), the GPS system is capable of providing values of HDOP ≤ 1, with a probability greater than 95% (2). Obtaining a low HDOP value, which results in a low GPS position error value, calls for providing a high mean number of satellites (12 or more) and low variability in their numer.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2022, 29, 1; 17-36
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 215

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