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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Special versus general protection and attack of two assets
    Autorzy:
    Hausken, Kjell
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406665.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    special effort
    general effort
    protection
    defence
    attack
    reliability
    vulnerability
    independent assets
    safety
    security
    terrorism
    Opis:
    Two independent assets are analysed, being subject to special and general protection and attack, supplementing earlier research on individual and overarching protection and attack. Sixteen analytical solutions are developed to examine how a defender and attacker choose either two special efforts, one general effort, or one special effort and one general effort. The latter occurs when the special unit effort cost for one asset is lower than that of the other asset and the general unit effort cost. The article provides a tool for each player to realise which of these three options it should choose when facing an opponent who also chooses between these three options. The solutions are explained and illustrated with examples. The article focuses on specialization versus generalization of effort which is of paramount importance.
    Źródło:
    Operations Research and Decisions; 2019, 29, 4; 53-93
    2081-8858
    2391-6060
    Pojawia się w:
    Operations Research and Decisions
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Input or intimacy
    Autorzy:
    Navracsics, Judit
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    multilingual acquisition
    general language effort
    input
    emotionality
    Opis:
    According to the critical period hypothesis, the earlier the acquisition of a second language starts, the better. Owing to the plasticity of the brain, up until a certain age a second language can be acquired successfully according to this view. Early second language learners are commonly said to have an advantage over later ones especially in phonetic/phonological acquisition. Native-like pronunciation is said to be most likely to be achieved by young learners. However, there is evidence of accentfree speech in second languages learnt after puberty as well. Occasionally, on the other hand, a nonnative accent may appear even in early second (or third) language acquisition. Cross-linguistic influences are natural in multilingual development, and we would expect the dominant language to have an impact on the weaker one(s). The dominant language is usually the one that provides the largest amount of input for the child. But is it always the amount that counts? Perhaps sometimes other factors, such as emotions, ome into play? In this paper, data obtained from an EnglishPersian-Hungarian trilingual pair of siblings (under age 4 and 3 respectively) is analyzed, with a special focus on cross-linguistic influences at the phonetic/phonological levels. It will be shown that beyond the amount of input there are more important factors that trigger interference in multilingual development.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 3; 485-506
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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