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    Tytuł:
    BOOK REVIEW Włodzimierz Wesołowski, Kazimierz M. Słomczyński, Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow (eds.), National and European?: Polish Political Elite In Comparative Perspective.
    Autorzy:
    Kietlińska-Zaleska, Barbara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-03-23
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    national identity
    European identity
    trust in institutions
    career in the European Union
    comparative perspective
    gender
    equality
    gender quotas
    immigration
    European Union
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 173, 1; 131-134
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Citizenship, Representation and Gender
    Autorzy:
    Fuszara, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929668.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-01-04
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    Central and Eastern Europe
    descriptive representation
    quotas
    gender equality
    Opis:
    The political transformations of late 1980s and early 1990s marked a ‘new political opening’ for Central and Eastern Europe. In each country of the region, a new institutional order was built in its specific historical and cultural context. However, all countries disregarded the problem of gender balance in bodies of power. As a result, the share of women in descriptive representation shrunk considerably throughout the region. Initially, all countries had a low percentage of women at power but the situation began to diverge over time. This paper presents research findings from a study of women and men parliamentarians in Poland, Latvia and Macedonia, focussing on political representation and, in particular, on barriers which obstruct women’s more active involvement in the public sphere as well as actions, such as quotas, aimed to mainstream gender equality into politics. The problem of women’s participation in the legislature as well as barriers to women’s involvement turned out to bring in an interesting differentiation into gender equality discourses in the three countries under study.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 172, 4; 367-390
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Do Voters Read Gender? Stereotypes as Voting Cues in Electoral Settings
    Autorzy:
    Kukołowicz, Paula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-06-25
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    gender-related stereotypes
    baseline gender preference
    voter choice
    quotas
    Opis:
    In this paper, I examine the impact of voters’ stereotypes regarding candidate gender on their propensity to favour either male or female candidates to the parliament. I draw on two strands of literature: the proposition put forward by Huddy and Terkildsen (1993a) holding that candidate gender gives a rise to the emergence of stereotypes concerning their qualifications and stances on political issues, and Sanbonmatsu’s (2002) argument that such stereotypes breed voters’ preferences regarding their representatives’ gender. The link between gender stereotypes and voters’ gender preferences is examined in the context of Polish parliamentary election of 2005. I find out initial evidence suggesting that, indeed, stereotypes concerning candidate qualifications and beliefs, as well as a voter’s own gender, affect electoral preferences of Polish voters.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2013, 182, 2; 223-238
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Individual and Collective Identity: Factual Givens and Their Legal Reflection in International Law. Words in Commemoration of Krzysztof Skubiszewski
    Autorzy:
    Tomuschat, Christian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    identity
    individuals and peoples
    determining factors
    birth and family
    gender
    slavery
    religious ties
    freedom to leave any country
    nationality
    statelessness
    official recognition as a person
    self-determination
    people and population
    minorities and secession
    refugees
    EU citizenship
    admission of refugees
    competence of EU authorities to assign quotas of refugees to individual Member States
    Opis:
    States and individuals are the essential building blocks of international law. Normally, their identity seems to be solidly established. However, modern international law is widely permeated by the notion of freedom from natural or societal constraints. This notion, embodied for individuals in the concept of human rights, has enabled human beings to overcome most of the traditional ties of dependency and being subjected to dominant social powers. Beyond that, even the natural specificity of a human as determined by birth and gender is being widely challenged. The law has made fargoing concessions to this pressure. The right to leave one’s own country, including renouncing one’s original nationality, epitomizes the struggle for individual freedom. On the other hand, States generally do not act as oppressive powers but provide comprehensive protection to their nationals. Stateless persons live in a status of precarious insecurity. All efforts should be supported which are aimed at doing away with statelessness or nonrecognition as a human person through the refusal to issue identity documents. Disputes about the collective identity of States also contain two different aspects. On the one hand, disintegrative tendencies manifest themselves through demands for separate statehood by minority groups. Such secession movements, as currently reflected above all in the Spanish province of Catalonia, have no basis in international law except for situations where a group suffers grave structural discrimination (remedial secession). As the common homeland of its citizens, every State also has the right to take care of its sociological identity. Many controversies focus on the distinction between citizens and aliens. This distinction is well rooted in domestic and international law. Changes in that regard cannot be made lightly. At the universal level international law has not given birth to a right to be granted asylum. At the regional level, the European Union has put into force an extremely generous system that provides a right of asylum not only to persons persecuted individually, but also affords “subsidiary protection” to persons in danger of being harmed by military hostilities. It is open to doubt whether the EU institutions have the competence to assign quotas of refugees to individual Member States. The relevant judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 6 September 2017 was hasty and avoided the core issue: the compatibility of such decisions with the guarantee of national identity established under Article 4(2) of the EU Treaty.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 11-34
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kobiety w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego w dobie debaty nad parytetami i kwotami
    Women in Local Government Units in an Era of Debate on Gender Parity and Quotas
    Autorzy:
    Łukasik-Turecka, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-05-14
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    parytet
    kwoty
    samorząd terytorialny
    wybory samorządowe
    gender parity
    quotas
    local government
    local government election
    Opis:
    The fact of continuous though small increase in both the number of women candidates and the number of women elected in particular elections pleases those for whom the participation of women in government in general is an important matter. The issue which seems to be of particular importance is that of women’s participation in local government. It is just this level at which decisions, concerning education and health service – the areas run and dominated mainly by women, are taken. Thus it seems natural to demand that more women are allowed to co-decide on areas in which they are normally active. Women’s chances of functioning in politics at the local government level seem to be big. The character of activities at the local government level, a possibility of reconciling political activity with performing other social roles, and a greater social acceptance of women’s activity at the local government level give a chance for women’s activity in this area.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2014, 41, 1; 73-85
    0137-4176
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Parytety i kwoty płci a zasada wolnych wyborów
    Gender parities and quotas in relation to the principle of free elections
    Autorzy:
    Znaniecki, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585443.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    partycypacja polityczna
    parytety płci
    kwoty płci
    zasada wolnych wyborów
    prawo konstytucyjne
    prawo wyborcze
    political participation
    gender parities
    gender quotas
    principle of free elections
    constitutional law
    electoral law
    Opis:
    W artykule została przeprowadzona analiza parytetów i kwot płci w świetle zasady wolnych wyborów. W tym celu autor odwołuje się głównie do doktryny prawa konstytucyjnego. Konkluzją analizy jest, że obligatoryjne parytety i kwoty płci są sprzeczne z zasadą wolnych wyborów. W związku z tym autor zaleca usunięcie obowiązkowych kwot wyborczych z polskiego prawa wyborczego. Można też przedstawić inne, mniej radykalne rozwiązanie, w postaci złagodzenia sankcji za ich naruszenie. Dobrowolne, wewnątrzpartyjne parytety i kwoty płci nie naruszają natomiast zasady wolnych wyborów, z uwagi na brak narzuconego na drodze prawnej obowiązku ich stosowania.
    In this artice are analysed the gender parities and quotas in relation to the principle of free elections. For this purpose, the author refers mainly to the doctrine of constitutional law. The analysis leads to conclusion that the compulsory gender parities and quotas are at variance with the principle of free elections. In this light, author recommends to remove the compulsory electoral quotas from the Polish electoral law. It is also possible to present the other, less radical solution, in the form of tempering the sanction for their infringement. The voluntary gender parities and quotas, by contrast, do not violate this principle, due to the lack of duty imposed by legal means to apply them.
    Źródło:
    Studia Wyborcze; 2017, 23; 25-40
    1898-0082
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Wyborcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Realising Women’s Political Rights in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Lesko, Nataliia
    Khomyshyn, Iryna
    Skochylias-Pavliv, Olha
    Lukіanova, Halyna
    Malets, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18656340.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-20
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
    Tematy:
    women's right
    gender quotas
    election
    political rights
    Election Code
    Opis:
    Aim. The article attempts to study legal fundamentals of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine. Equal rights for women and men in all spheres of social and political life is the important condition and guarantee for strengthening democracy in Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by applying general scientific methods of learning (analysis, synthesis, modelling) and private-scientific methods of learning (historical, retrospective, comparative and legal, formally logical). The general methodological basis of the article is made by dialectics, ensuring comprehensive studying the problems of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine. Results. Having analysed particularities of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine, it is worth noting that since 2010 gender quotas have not been set in the Ukraine’s election legislation until 2015. However, 2015 was the year of the first introduction of gender quotas, but they were not of imperative character. According to the new Election Code of Ukraine of 19 December 2019, gender quotas have become a mandatory regulation at the nomination stage. Conclusions. It is reasonable to make transformation of the stereotypes of the women’s role in politics and to draw more attention to mass media, contributing to extension of women’s political rights and destruction of the bias about women’s position in politics. Gender quotas in the election legislation of Ukraine are of great significance for all members of society in the political sphere, whilst it needs improvement of the administrative and legal mechanisms to ensure gender quotas.   
    Źródło:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2023, 14, 1; 568-574
    2081-1640
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Education Culture and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stosunek elektoratu do rozwiązań ustawowych wyrównujących szanse kobiet i mężczyzn w obsadzaniu list wyborczych
    The Attitude of the Electorate to Statutory Solutions Giving Equal Opportunity to Men and Women in Filling the Positions on Electoral Lists
    Autorzy:
    Łukasik-Turecka, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514735.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
    Tematy:
    statutory quotas
    gender parity
    political party-in-the-electorate
    Opis:
    The research carried out allowed to look at social assessment of both already implemented statutory quotas and the proposed gender parity on electoral lists. The findings of the research showed that over half of the surveyed left-wing political party-in-the-electorate acknowledged the implementation of statutory quotas as reasonable and the proposal of introducing gender parity on the electoral lists as worth-implementing (Palikot’s Movement – 42.2% and Democratic Left Alliance – 37.9%). Among the Civic Platform and Polish People’s Party adherents a substantial percentage are the adherents of quotas rather than gender parity (Civic Platform – 44.1% and 38.9% respectively, Polish People’s Party – 48.7% i 34.2% respectively) but there are substantially fewer adversaries of this solution. At the same time among the adversaries of Law and Justice only 35.6% acknowledge the solution implemented as reasonable whereas only 35.5% consider the proposal for introducing gender parity as worth-implementing. Nevertheless the percentage of adversaries of such solutions is even smaller – in the case of quotas it is 28.1% and in the case of gender parity – 35.1%. The rest of the Law and Justice adversaries do not have an opinion on this issue. The division into adherents and adversaries of the decision about implementing statutory quotas or proposals for gender parity with reference to ideological views is even clearer. Among the respondents expressing their views as leftwing more than half of them acknowledge the implementation of quotas as reasonable (51%) and 38.5% consider the proposals for gender parity as worthimplementing. 48% of the persons sympathising with the centre were in favour of quotas, while 34% were for gender parity. On the other hand among the respondents defining their views as right-wing only 31.8% acknowledged the implementation of statutory quotas as reasonable whereas 29.8% considered the proposal for gender parity as worth-implementing. It is worth-emphasising that irrespective of political sympathies the respondents assess the implemented statutory quotas much favourably than the proposal for implementing gender parity on electoral lists.
    Źródło:
    Political Preferences; 2013, 6; 47-59
    2449-9064
    Pojawia się w:
    Political Preferences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Voters’ Attitudes towards the Gender Quota System in Elections in Poland and the Possibility of Its Modification
    Autorzy:
    Tomczak, Łukasz
    Iwański, Rafał
    Zawadzka, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411143.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    women’s parity
    political preferences
    right-wing
    left-wing
    gender quotas
    Opis:
    The article concerns the support for the gender quota system in the elections in Poland. The research was conducted on a double sample of adults for a representative national research, by means of quota sampling method (n = 2119). The respondents who believed that there is insufficient representation of women in parliament outnumbered those with the opposite opinion. We have observed a reluctance among the respondents to introduce solutions aimed at strengthening women’s representation. The difference in views were determined by political preferences, gender, age, domicile, and education. Women and leftist supporters more frequently believed that there are too few women in parliament and supported quotas, as opposed to men and persons with right-wing views. The differences were observed in the youngest age category, where women more often opted for quotas than men.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Polityka; 2023, 46 (53); 105-120
    1899-5160
    2391-7652
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Women’s Political Representation in the Czech Republic in the context of the transition from Communism to Democracy
    Autorzy:
    Gelnarová, Jitka
    Fousková, Marie V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    women
    political participation
    gender
    quotas
    elections
    Czech Republic
    Communism
    kobiety
    partycypacja polityczna
    parytety
    wybory
    komunizm
    Republika Czeska
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiony został przegląd reprezentacji politycznej kobiet w Czechosłowacji oraz w Czechach po upadku żelaznej kurtyny, w kontekście przejścia od systemu komunistycznego do demokracji. Artykuł obejmuje rozważania zarówno dotyczące ciągłości i zmiany, pomiędzy starym a nowym systemem, skupiając uwagę na zaangażowaniu politycznym kobiet – począwszy od utrzymywania tradycyjnego modelu rodziny i stereotypów płciowych, a kończąc na radykalnych zmianach ról w sferze prywatnej i publicznej. Koncentrując się na mechanizmach blokujących kobiety w ich dostępie do władzy politycznej i postawach społecznych, które mogłyby wyrównać ostatecznie szanse, a mianowicie zastosowaniu parytetów płciowych na listach wyborczych partii politycznych.
    This paper gives an overview of women’s political representation in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic after the fall of the iron curtain, framed in the context of the transition from Communism to democracy. It is concerned with both continuity and discontinuity between the old and the new regime regarding the political engagement of women – the persistence of traditional family model and gender stereotypes on one hand, and the radically changed roles of the private and the public sphere on the other. It focuses on the mechanisms disadvantaging women in their access to political power and on public attitudes to the measures which could level the playing field, namely gender quotas for political party candidate lists.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Politologiczny; 2016, 4; 133-142
    1426-8876
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Politologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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