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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Distribution of gas molecules by their temperatures
    Autorzy:
    Golovkin, Boris Georgievich
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Clapeyron equation
    Maxwell distribution
    distribution of molecules by temperatures
    gas density
    gas pressure
    Opis:
    A formula is derived for the distribution of gas molecules over their temperatures depending on the total temperature of the gas. Formulas are proposed for the distribution of velocities and kinetic energies of gas molecules depending on the pressure and density of the gas. It is shown that these formulas are equivalent to the formulas of the corresponding Maxwell distributions, which depend only on temperature. A formula is derived for the distribution of the mean free paths of gas molecules depending only on the gas density. An example of calculating the distribution of gas molecules by their temperatures is given.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2020, 144; 89-102
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quantitative assessment of investments: regional eco-efficiency
    Autorzy:
    Voytsekhovska, V.
    Simak, A.
    Voytsekhovska, Yu.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411293.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
    Tematy:
    eco-investments
    population density
    industrial gas pollutants
    Opis:
    The article is dedicated to development of the methodological approach to determine the most effective ways and areas of investments use aimed at reducing the negative impacts of pollution. This takes into account the reality that the level of pollution is different for different areas (regions), and the degree of negative impact is due to two main factorsvolume of gas emissions and the number of residents living in these territories. Taking into account the lack of quantitative laws regarding the impact of pollution on human lives the expediency to limit some qualitative considerations that significantly contribute to the solution of the problem are developed in the article. The paper develops analytic approach, which is based on establishing the parameters that characterize the essence of the developed phenomenon. The state of air pollution in particular is seen as the main factor that significantly affects the residents’ life quality. At one and the same degree of negative pollution, its effect will depend on the number of residents living in the area. As our research continues with the assessment of air pollution reduction state, where two indicators were developed – harmful gas components in the air and population density in the area. Based on the hypothesis of parabolic type, the corresponding functional relation between the parameters proves, that the product of assumed parameters determines the priority of pollution reduction in some areas. The conducted proposed approach to interpretation of dust pollution on the example of regions of Poland is developed.
    Źródło:
    ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2016, 5, 1; 133-138
    2084-5715
    Pojawia się w:
    ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Novel Approach to Quantifying the Effect of the Density of Sand Cores on Their Gas Permeability
    Autorzy:
    Sundaram, Dinesh
    Svidró, József Tamás
    Svidró, Judit
    Diószegi, Attila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105204.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    compaction
    density
    furan sand
    gas permeability
    porous media
    Opis:
    The density of moulding mixtures used in the foundry industry plays a significant role since it influences the strength, porosity, and permeability of moulds and cores. The latter is routinely tested in foundries using different solutions to control the properties of the moulding materials that are used to make moulds and cores. In this paper, the gas permeability of sand samples was measured using a custom-made setup to obtain the gas permeability in standard units instead of the usual permeability numbers (PN) with calibrated units. The aim of the work was to explore the effect of density variations in moulding materials on their gas permeabilities. Permeability in this work is quantified in SI units, square metres [m2]. The setup works based on Darcy’s law and the numbers obtained from the measurements can be used to deduce the gas permeability, k, of a sample. Two furan resin bonded mixtures with the same grain size distribution were hand-rammed with varying compaction forces to obtain a variation in density. Cylindrical samples (50 × 50 mm) were prepared using a silica sand aggregate sourced from a Swedish lake. The results of the measurement provided the difference in gas permeability between the samples that have varying densities. The results of permeability were then extrapolated by modifying the viscosity value of the air passed through the sample. In order to find the effect of apparent density variation on the pore characteristics of the samples, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was also performed. The results were in line with the gas permeability measurements.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2022, 6, 2; 33--38
    2543-9901
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U
    electron density
    gas puffing
    plasma stream
    tungsten
    Opis:
    In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of optical spectra recorded during DPF-1000U plasma experiments with gas-puffing
    Autorzy:
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Malinowski, K.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Makhlaj, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron density
    gas-puff
    optical spectrum
    plasma focus
    plasma stream
    Opis:
    The results are presented of the optical spectra measurements for free plasma streams generated with the use of the modifi ed DPF-1000U machine. This facility was recently equipped with a gas injection system (the so-called gas-puff) placed on the symmetry axis behind the central opening in the inner electrode. The DPF-1000U experimental chamber was fi lled up with pure deuterium at the initial pressure of 1.6 or 2.4 mbar. Additionally, when the use was made of the gas-puff system about 1 cm3 of pure deuterium was injected at the pressure of 2 bars. The gas injection was initiated 1.5 or 2 ms before the triggering of the main discharge. The investigated plasma discharges were powered from a condenser bank charged initially to 23 kV (corresponding to the energy of 352 kJ), and the maximum discharge current amounted to about 1.8 MA. In order to investigate properties of a dense plasma column formed during DPF-1000U discharges the use was made of the optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra were recorded along the line of sight perpendicular to the vacuum chamber, using a Mechelle®900 spectrometer. The recent analysis of all the recorded spectra made it possible to compare the temporal changes in the electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream for discharges without and with the gas-puffing. Using this data an appropriate mode of operation of the DPF-1000U facility could be determined.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 309-314
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Enhancement of the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient using the gas injection into the water
    Autorzy:
    Sarafraz, M.M.
    Peyghambarzadeh, S.M.
    Alavi Fazel, S.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    heat transfer
    pool boiling
    Gas-liquid solution
    Nucleation site density
    SO2
    water
    Opis:
    In this paper, a new method for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure liquid, based on the gas injection through the liquids has been introduced. Hence, the effect of gas dissolved in a stagnant liquid on pool boiling heat transfer coefficient, nucleation site density, and bubble departure diameter has experimentally been investigated for different mole fractions of SO2 and various heat fluxes up to 114 kW/ m2. The presence of SO2 in captured vapor inside the bubbles, particularly around the heat transfer surface increases the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient. The available predicted correlations are unable to obtain the reasonable values for pool boiling heat transfer coefficient in this particular case. Therefore, to predict the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient accurately, a new modified correlation based on Stephan-Körner relation has been proposed. Also, during the experiments, it is found that nucleation site density is a strictly exponential function of heat flux. Accordingly, a new correlation has been obtained to predict the nucleation site density. The major application of the nucleation site density is in the estimating of mean bubble diameters as well as local agitation due to the rate of bubble frequency.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 4; 100-109
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessing households’ gas and electricity consumption: a case study of Djelfa, Algeria
    Autorzy:
    Boukarta, Soufiane
    Berezowska-Azzag, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051354.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Algeria
    gas consumption
    electricity consumption
    household characteristics
    housing characteristics
    density
    statistical approach
    GIS
    Opis:
    Households are the major energy consumer and contributor to the emission of greenhouse gases. The Algerian policy of mastering energy has improved building energy efficiency since 1994 by introducing thermal regulation (DTR). However, energy consumption is still increasing instead of decreasing, which is mainly due to occupants’ behaviour which is difficult to estimate and predict. This paper explores the impact of households and housing characteristics on residential gas and electricity consumption in the 36 municipalities of the department of Djelfa (Algeria) which is located in an arid and semi-arid climate zone. This paper is based on GIS and statistical techniques. It considers the yearly gas and electricity energy consumption (2013) of the municipalities of the department of Djelfa. The method is organised in four steps: (a) a multiple linear regression is used to construct two estimative models of gas and electricity. The models have more than 93% of accuracy for both gas and electricity models; (b) estimating gas and electricity consumption for 2008 according to the developed models; (c) organisation of the census data of 2008 in five dimensions: the population distribution, household characteristics, housing type and occupancy, and finally household appliance ownership; (d) a set of sensitivity analysis is performed based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s bivariate correlation and finally a path analysis is performed based on Structural Equation Model (SEM) to assess the importance of each variable. The overall impact of all these variables indicates that increasing the household size is the first factor reducing the electricity and gas consumption followed by the housing surface, density, room occupancy, and older households, while increasing the education level and appliance ownership boosts both per-capita gas and electricity consumption.
    Źródło:
    Quaestiones Geographicae; 2018, 37, 4; 111-129
    0137-477X
    2081-6383
    Pojawia się w:
    Quaestiones Geographicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving separation efficiency of 6-1 mm coal by introducing vibration energy to dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed
    Autorzy:
    He, J.
    Zhao, Y.
    Luo, Z.
    Zhao, J.
    Duan, C.
    He, Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110018.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    vibration energy
    dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed
    fluidization quality
    density uniformity
    separation efficiency
    Opis:
    Effects of the vibration energy on the fluidization quality and separation performance of dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed were investigated experimentally. The magnetite powder with a wide size range of 0.3-0.074 mm was utilized as the basic medium solids. 6-1 mm fine coal sample from Yongcheng (China) was used to perform the separation experiments. The results indicate that the vibration amplitude A and superficial gas velocity U are greatly significant to the fluidization stability and the density distribution uniformity. Comparing with the bed without vibration, the optimal SP and Sρ values of 0.034 kPa and 0.018 g/cm3 are acquired in vibration bed with the operating factors of A = 1 mm, U = 1.8Umf, f = 15 Hz and Hs = 150 mm. The coal ash content was reduced from 27.84% to 9.50% at a separating density of 1.68 g/cm3 with a probable error E value of 0.505. The separation efficiency of 6-1mm fine coal is effectively improved by introducing vibration energy to dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed. The technology provides a novel approach to achieve high-efficiency separation of 6-1 mm fine coal in the arid and water-shortage areas.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 1; 95-108
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of basic gas reservoir parameters from radioactive logging taking into account PT-conditions
    Określanie podstawowych parametrów gazonośnych skał zbiornikowych za pomocą kombinacji odwiertowych profilowań radiometrycznych z uwzględnieniem warunków ciśnienia i temperatury
    Autorzy:
    Bondarenko, M.
    Kulyk, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835427.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    gas reservoirs
    pressure-temperature conditions
    density-neutron loggings
    apparent and true porosities of gas reservoirs
    identification parameter
    gas saturation
    volume gas content
    gazonośne skały zbiornikowe
    termiczno-ciśnieniowe warunki
    kombinacja odwiertowych profilowań gamma-gamma gęstościowego i neutron-neutron
    pozorna i rzeczywista porowatość gazonośnych skał zbiornikowych
    parametr identyfikacyjny,
    nasycenie gazem
    objętościowa zawartość gazu
    Opis:
    The paper suggests methods for determining the basic parameters of ordinary and unconventional gas reservoirs, namely identification parameter, true porosity, gas saturation and volume gas content. The set of these parameters can be obtained in both open wells and cased wells with the help of a combination of density and neutron loggings taking into account PT-conditions of gas reservoirs occurrence (up to 10 km). The application of developed approaches for the estimation of the petrophysical parameters of gas reservoirs are demonstrated by the example of cased gas well.
    W artykule zaproponowano sposoby wyznaczania głównych parametrów, w konwencjonalnych i niekonwencjonalnych gazonośnych skałach zbiornikowych, tzw. parametr identyfikacyjny, rzeczywistą porowatość, nasycenie gazem, objętościową zawartość gazu. Zestaw tych parametrów może być otrzymany zarówno w niezarurowanych, jak i zarurowanych otworach wiertniczych, za pomocą kombinacji radiometrycznych profilowań z uwzględnieniem zmiennych ciśnień i temperatury w skałach zbiornikowych (do 10 km). Zastosowanie przedstawionych w artykule sposobów dla liczbowej oceny petrofizycznych parametrów, gazonośnych skał zbiornikowych zademonstrowano na przykładzie odwiertu zarurowanego.
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2017, 73, 3; 162-168
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany gęstości węgla przyprzodkowej strefy pokładu - przed oraz podczas wyrzutu gazu i skał
    Changes in coal density of at-forehead seam zone before or during gas and rock outburst
    Autorzy:
    Kidybiński, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/340973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Główny Instytut Górnictwa
    Tematy:
    wyrzut skał
    wyrzut gazów
    górnictwo węgla kamiennego
    zagrożenia górnicze
    gęstość węgla
    metoda spoistych modeli cząstkowych
    metoda BPM
    rock outburst
    gas outburst
    hard coal mining
    mining hazards
    coal density
    bonded particle models
    Opis:
    W artykule, na podstawie modelowania w skali 1:1 metodą spoistych modeli cząstkowych (BPM), omówiono zmiany makroporowatości w kręgach pomiarowych o średnicy 3,5 m, położonych kolejno od czoła przodka wyrobiska korytarzowego w czasie drążenia, o wysokości 3,5 m, do odległości 17 m od przodka w głąb calizny pokładu. Stwierdzono, że w strefie wgłębnej (7-17 m od czoła przodka) następuje systematyczne zmniejszanie się makroporowatości (wzrost gęstości) - do około 7% w stosunku do wartości pierwotnej w okresie bezpośrednio poprzedzającym dynamiczną część wyrzutu, po czym we wszystkich kręgach badanego odcinka pokładu następuje w przybliżeniu jednakowy wzrost mikroporowatości (zmniejszenie się gęstości) związane ze stopniowym rozpadem calizny pod wpływem ciśnienia gazu wolnego oraz sił wynikających z szybkiej desorpcji metanu z węgla. Zjawisko przejściowego wzrostu gęstości węgla w strefie pozaprzodkowej jest tłumaczone przez autora - przedostawaniem się do tego rejonu pokładu silnie sprężonego gazu szczelinowego.
    In this article, on the basis of modeling in the scale of 1:1, making use of the method of bonded particle models, changes in macro porosity in measurement circles of 3,5 m in diameter have been found. The circles have been situated in turn from the working face of the dog heading during its driving, the headroom of 3,5 m, up to the distance of 17 m from the working face deep inside the body of coal. It has been stated that in the inside-zone (7-17 m form the working face) the decrease in macro porosity appears (increase in density) - up to about 7% in relation to its initial value in the period of directly preceding the dynamic part of the outburst. After that in all circles of the tested seam part appears approximately similar increase in macro porosity (decrease in density) related to gradual decomposition of coal under the influence of free gas pressure and the strengths forces due to quick desorption if methane from coal. The phenomenon of temporary coal density increase in off-forehead zone is explained by the author as a result of strongly pressured slotted gas penetration to this part of the seam.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa; 2009, 2; 21-32
    1643-7608
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chondryt Sołtmany
    Sołtmany chondrite
    Autorzy:
    Przylibski, Tadeusz A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033061.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Meteorytowe
    Tematy:
    Gefion family
    L6
    asteroid
    atomic weight
    bulk chemistry
    cosmic-ray exposure age
    cosmogenic radionuclides
    density
    fusion crust
    magnetic susceptibility
    meteorite
    meteorite age
    meteorite fall
    mössbauer spectroscopy
    noble gas
    ordinary chondrite
    organic matter
    parent body
    porosity
    primordial radionuclides
    thermophysical properties
    troilite thermometer
    Opis:
    The Sołtmany hammer meteorite is classified as an ordinary chondrite type L6, W0, S2. At present it is the most thoroughly and comprehensively examined Polish meteorite. A comprehensive petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analysis alongside the investigation of its physical and particularly thermophysical properties, and, most of all, analyses of cosmogenic radionuclides and noble gases isotopes content, as well as the use of a troilite thermometer has made it possible to draw interesting conclusions concerning the genesis and evolution of the parent body and the history of the parent meteoroid and, finally, the Sołtmany meteorite. The present report attempts at summing up the results of studies conducted at several European research centres in the last four years. The age of the the Sołtmany chondrite parent rock has been defined at 4.137 billion years. It was formed at a temperature of up to 440–450 K (about 170°C), probably at a depth of up to 3 to 7 km under the surface of the parent body, i.e. at a pressure of the order of 1–2.4 kbar. Such a low temperature during the accretion, diagenesis and metamorphism of the parent body may point to its complicated development, which may be in part due to collisions of partially melted planetesimals. Like with other type L ordinary chondrites, one can infer that the parent body could have been destroyed about 467 million years ago, at the time of a catastrophic collision which led to the formation of Gefion family of planetoids. Perhaps one of the bodies in this family was involved in another collision about 29.2 million years ago, which resulted in ejecting the parent meteoroid of the Sołtmany chondrite onto the Earth collision trajectory. Before entering the Earth’s atmosphere, this meteoroid had the mass of about 36 kg and the diameter of ca 13.5 cm. During its flight through the atmosphere, it rotated and somersaulted, which resulted in the formation of an uniform thin (0.5–0.7 mm) fusion crust, whose temperature reached 1000°C. In the last phase, the Sołtmany meteorite fell almost vertically and its mass was a mere 3% of the mass of the parent meteoroid – 1.066 kg. It hit the roof and then the concrete stairs of a farm building, which caused it to break into two bigger and many small pieces. It was found a few minutes after the fall, which occurred at 6:03 a.m. (CEST, UTC+2:00) on 30 April 2011, by Wydmińskie Lake in northern Poland (54°00,53’N, 22°00,30’E). The Sołtmany chondrite is one of just 14 meteorites in which the activity concentration of the cosmogenic 52Mn has been determined, and one of the few ordinary chondrites where the concentration of organic matter has been defined. As a result, it was found out that unlike in carbonaceous CI chondrites, the composition of organic particles is dominated by less complex compounds (CHO and CHOS) than CHNO and CHNOS compounds. This may indicate the decomposition of more complex organic compounds into particles with simple structures during magmatic and metamorphic processes related to formation of type L ordinary chondrites.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum; 2016, 7; 93-122
    2080-5497
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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