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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Rola niektorych nawozow w ograniczaniu rozwoju patogenow odglebowych
    Autorzy:
    Orlikowski, L B
    Skrzypczak, C
    Wojdyla, A T
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/800680.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    gozdziki
    zelazo
    fytoftoroza gerbery
    ogrodnictwo
    Phytophthora cryptogea
    fuzarioza naczyniowa gozdzika
    gerbery
    choroby roslin
    Fusarium oxysporum
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    ochrona roslin
    nawozy
    chelaty
    wapn
    Opis:
    Effectiveness of calcium, iron and zinc chelates as well as the urea on development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi, F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and Phytophthora cryptogea in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. Iron and zinc sulphates strongly reduced the growth of pathogens and formation of P cryptogea zoosporangia. Nutrition of carnation with calcium nitrate significantly reduced the spread of Fusarium wilt of carnation. Increase of substratum pH from 6.5 to 7.5 caused the reduction of the disease severity. Fe (EDDHA) used for Chinese aster nutrition significantly decreased the spread of Fusarium wilt. In the control of Phytophthora foot rot urea at dose 0.2 and 0.3% of a.d.s. strongly reduced the pathogens population and decreased the disease spread.
    Przeprowadzono ocenę skuteczności oddziaływania chelatów wapnia, żelaza i cynku na rozwój Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi, F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi i Phytophthora cryptogea. Wprowadzenie chelatów żelaza i cynku w formie siarczanów silnie ograniczało wzrost badanych grzybów in vitro oraz formowanie się zarodni pływkowych P. cryptogea. Pogłówne nawożenie goździków saletrą wapniową silnie redukowało rozwój fuzariozy naczyniowej goździka. Również wzrost pH podłoża z 6,5 do 7,5 ograniczało rozwój choroby. Ograniczenie rozwoju fuzariozy naczyniowej astra uzyskano stosując do nawożenia Fe (EDDHA). Przedwegetacyjne wprowadzenie mocznika do podłoża w stężeniach 0,2 i 0,3% (powietrznie suchego podłoża) powodowało drastyczną redukcję liczebności P. cryptogea oraz ograniczenie rozwoju fytoftorozy gerbery.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1998, 461; 339-348
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ Bacillus subtilis i Trichoderma asperellum na rozwój sadzonek brzóz zainfekowanych patogenem drobnych korzeni Phytophthora plurivora
    Influence of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum on the development of birch seedlings infected with fine root pathogen Phytophthora plurivora
    Autorzy:
    Oszako, T.
    Żółciak, A.
    Tulik, M.
    Tkaczyk, M.
    Stocki, M.
    Nowakowska, J.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985763.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    fitopatologia lesna
    brzoza brodawkowata
    Betula pendula
    sadzonki
    fytoftoroza
    Phytophthora plurivora
    rozwoj roslin
    grzyby antagonistyczne
    Trichoderma asperellum
    bakterie antagonistyczne
    Bacillus subtilis
    oomycetes
    bacterium
    fungus
    interactions
    betula pendula
    Opis:
    Phytophthora pathogens cannot be controlled with well−known fungicides, because as oomycetes they do not synthesize chitin and ergosterol. Phytopathogenic microorganisms of Phytophthora genus offers an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the study was to understand the interactions among the host silver birch (Betula pendula), a common forest tree species in Polish lowlands and in lower mountain locations, and its primary pathogen Phytophthora plurivora as well as potential Biological Control Agents Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum. The 2−year−old silver birch seedlings were selected for this experiment. Interactions between P. plurivora and B. subtilis, producing peptide antibiotics including polymyxin B and subtiline, stimulated growth of birch seedlings. Comparing to the control a stimulation of both height and root collar diameter of plants was observed when B. subtilis was added into the soil of pots. It is a saprophyte, decomposing organic compounds of plant origin. However, the application of bacterium into the rhizosphere soil stimulated more shoots growth than roots. The application of T. asperellum into the soil stimulated development of roots, and in consequences the above−ground parts of plants. However, in the combination with pathogen, T. asperellum protected the roots only partially. The presence of pathogen and its antagonists increases the biomass of birches compared to control plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence studies proved better parameters like total performance index (PI total) after application of B. subtilis, in contrast, interaction between B. subtilis and P. plurivora negatively affected photosynthesis causing weakening of plants. The higher content of carboxylic acids, observed in the variant with T. asperellum + P. plurivora, indicates the initiation of biochemical defence processes in birch leaves cells.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 12; 1006-1015
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagrożenie szkółek pojemnikowych roślin ozdobnych przez Phytophthora spp. w minionym piętnastoleciu
    The menace of hardy ornamental nursery stocks by Phytophthora spp. in the last 15 years
    Autorzy:
    Orlikowski, L.
    Szkuta, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    wystepowanie
    choroby roslin
    rosliny iglaste
    straty
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    rosliny wrzosowate
    rosliny lisciaste
    zagrozenia roslin
    fytoftoroza
    Phytophthora
    szkolki roslin ozdobnych
    nursery
    isolation
    phytophthora
    coniferous
    ericaceaous and deciduous plants
    source of inoculum
    water
    Opis:
    Eight Phytophthora species were recovered from diseased ornamental plants taken from 46 hardy nursery stocks. P. cinnamomi was mainly isolated from rotten stem bases of coniferous and ericaceous plants. P. citricola was detected from rotten stem bases but mainly from diseased leaves and stem parts. Losses caused by that group of pathogens varied from 1 to 50%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 09; 44-50
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fosforyny jako czynnik ograniczający zamieranie drobnych korzeni w drzewostanach dębowych Płyty Krotoszyńskiej
    Phosphites as factor limiting the fine root damage in oak stands from Krotoszyn Plateau
    Autorzy:
    Oszako, T.
    Nowaszewski, M.M.
    Szulc, W.
    Rutkowska, B.
    Nowakowska, J.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    dab
    Quercus
    choroby roslin
    fytoftoroza korzeni
    zamieranie debow
    czynniki ograniczajace choroby roslin
    fosforyny
    RDLP Poznan
    Plyta Krotoszynska
    drzewostany debowe
    opryski lotnicze
    oak decline
    quercus robur l.
    phytophthora
    phosphites
    rdlp poznań
    Opis:
    Oak decline phenomenon has been observed in Poland in the 1980s. Especially, Krotoszyn Forest District was affected in the years 1982−1984, when oaks were dying in a mass extend causing economic and ecological problems. Twenty five years later many Phytophthora species were isolated from rhizosphere soil suggesting their important role in fine root damage. This research was focused on application of fertilisers increasing oak resistance to soil−borne pathogens. In total, 60 soil samples were collected c.a. 1 meter from trunks of oaks representing control and treated variant with Actifos® and Kalex® fertilisers. The fine root parameters (smaller than 2 mm) were evaluated with the water scanner and WinRhizo software. The same soil samples were analysed for the presence of macro− (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn). The use of ammonium and potassium phosphites in the form of foliar spray had a beneficial effect on the health of oak stands (Quercus robur L.) in the Krotoszyn Forest District. Three parameters: defoliation (ICP Forest), vitality according to Roloff method and synthetic index of damage were applied in order to evaluate the status of oaks health. Two aforementioned crown parameters were obtained from visual assessment from the ground, while the synthetic index of damage was calculated according to the formula developed by Dmyterko and Bruchwald. The parameters of fine roots after treatments, especially their number, length and surface improved. Trees with better quality fine roots had more chance to survive in unfavourable environmental conditions like drought. Phosphite treatments of oak stand positively influenced the chemical properties of soil, decreased acidity, but increased availability of Zn for plants, and probably reduced root damage by toxic aluminium ions. An improvement in the health of fine roots (that were saved by phosphites from damage caused by pathogenic species of Phytophthora genus present in the soil) will have a positive effect on the reconstruction of crown architecture (shoots development from dormant buds).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 10; 819-827
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Patogenne lęgniowce z rodzaju Phytophthora - nowe zagrożenie lasów w Europie
    Pathogenic oomycetes of Phytophthora genus - a new threat to forests in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Ajchler, M.
    Łobocka, M.
    Oszako, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    fitopatologia lesna
    zagrozenia drzewostanow
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    legniowce
    Oomycetes
    Phytophthora
    fytoftoroza
    identyfikacja
    epidemiologia
    Phytophthora alni
    Phytophthora cactorum
    Phytophthora cambivora
    Phytophthora cinnamomi
    Phytophthora citrophthora
    Phytophthora quercina
    Phytophthora plurivora
    Phytophthora ramorum
    ochrona lasu
    zwalczanie chorob roslin
    oomycetes
    phytophthora
    molecular typing
    plant pathogens
    biocontrol
    Opis:
    Pathogenic oomycetes represented mainly by the species of Phytophthora genus are among the most dangerous plant pathogens. They pose a serious threat for agricultural as well as wild plants, and are involved in forest decline worldwide. Over 140 pathogenic Phytophthora species have been identified so far. The common infection symptoms include rotting of below− and above− ground parts of plants, causing weakness and slow decline of infected trees. The economic losses caused by certain Phytophthora species may rich even 100%. Globalization and border opening have facilitated the transport of plant material between countries and continents, thus increased the risk of transfer of various Phytophthora genus representatives to new geographical locations. Global warming (e.g. mild winters) have facilitated the expansion of species from southern to northern Europe. Among Polish Phytophthora isolates are species that have previously been known only in nurseries (e.g. P. cactorum), but nowadays they are also isolated from forests (e.g. oak stand in the Krotoszyn Plateau). It suggests the pathway from nurseries to stands with plant for plantings and attached soil. There are also new species, that have not been isolated so far in the world (P. polonica) or found far away from Poland (P. fragaliaefolia in Japan on strawberry). The possible natural pathways are birds and water courses. In Mazowsze and Wielkopolska regions (C and W Poland) the polyphagous P. cinnamomi was found on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). This species causes significant damage to red oak forest in France, but also threats Jarrah forests in the Australian ecosystem (it attacks ca. 1000 species of plants). Fortunately, in addition to time consuming and laborious classic methods of Phytophthora identification, based on morphology and physiological properties, molecular methods that are based on immunological tests and chromosomal or mito− chondrial DNA markers identification have come into common use. Despite morphological similarity to true fungi, oomycetes are more closely related to diatoms and brown algae, and have several structural features that differentiate them from fungi, including the cell wall composed of cellulose instead of chitin. That is one of the reasons that fungicides have a limited use in the fight with Phytophthora infections. Additionally, type of ecological niches that are settled by pathogenic oomycetes (root remnants in soil, watercourses) hinders the chemical combating. Biocontrol, i.e. the use of interspecies interactions between microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to limit the growth and development of pathogens, seems to be a reasonable alternative.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 870-880
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stan zdrowotny i zróżnicowanie genetyczne buka zwyczajnego w Nadleśnictwie Siewierz na podstawie analiz chloroplastowego DNA
    Health condition and genetic differentiation level of beech in the Siewierz Forest District assessed with cpDNA markers
    Autorzy:
    Nowakowska, J.A.
    Oszako, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013561.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    zroznicowanie genetyczne
    cpDNA zob.DNA chloroplastowy
    drzewa zdrowe
    podatnosc na choroby
    czynniki genetyczne
    lesnictwo
    Phytophthora
    drzewa chore
    Nadlesnictwo Siewierz
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    grzyby
    buk zwyczajny
    fytoftoroza
    stan zdrowotny drzew
    DNA chloroplastowy
    Fagus sylvatica
    drzewa lesne
    fagus sylvatica
    chloroplast dna markers
    heterozygosity level
    phythopthora spp.
    Opis:
    Beech decline phenomenon has been observed in Poland since the 1980s. The reasons are still unclear but the discovery of pathogens genus Phytophthora shed a new light on it. Stems as well as roots of beech trees were severely affected by P. citricola and P. cambivora. In order to find out the genetic background of infection, three loci of chloroplast microsatellite DNA were investigated in the genetic differentiation study of beeches growing in the Siewierz Forest District in Poland. Parameters of genetic diversity (h Nei) and differentiation (GST) in the chloroplast genome were estimated and compared between healthy and damaged trees. Healthy beeches were more heterozygous (h=0.243) than the damaged ones (h=0.113), and the distribution of cpDNA alleles was different between these two groups. Healthy trees were nearly 50% more genetically diversed than declining ones.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 09; 11-20
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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