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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 19
Tytuł:
Applicability of the dielectric barrier discharge for helium ash measurements in the divertor region
Autorzy:
Książek, I.
Brosławski, A.
Janus, H.
Pawelec, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)
low pressure discharge
fusion plasma
Opis:
Controlled fusion based on the magnetic confinement of the plasma is one of the main aims of the Eurofusion programme. In the fusion device, the hydrogen isotopes, in nuclear reactions, will produce helium nuclei. The products, as the ash, will be removed from the plasma in the region of the so-called divertor. Controlling the helium to hydrogen ratio in this ‘exhaust gas’ will provide information about the efficiency of the fusion process as well as of the efficiency of the helium removal system. One of the methods to perform this task is to study the properties of the discharge conducted in such exhaust gas. In this paper, the applicability of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is studied. This preliminary experiment shows a great potential in applicability of this kind of discharge. The optical as well as pulse-height spectra were studied, both revealing very promising properties. In the optical spectrum, one can observe well separated hydrogen and helium spectral lines, with intensities of the same order of magnitude. Moreover, in the registered spectral region, the molecular spectra are negligible. The pulse-height spectra reveal very distinct shape in helium and hydrogen. Checking of this spectrum could provide parallel (redundant) information about the partial pressure of helium in the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) device exhaust gas.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 99-102
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characterization of some modern scintillators recommended for use on large fusion facilities in γ-ray spectroscopy and tomographic measurements of γ-emission profiles
Autorzy:
Sibczynski, P.
Broslawski, A.
Gojska, A.
Kiptily, V.
Korolczuk, S.
Kwiatkowski, R.
Mianowski, S.
Moszyński, M.
Rzadkiewicz, J.
Swiderski, L.
Szydlowski, A.
Zychor, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gamma spectrometry
scintillators
decay time
non-proportionality
energy resolution
detection efficiency
fusion plasma
Opis:
LaBr3:Ce,CeBr3 and GAGG:Ce scintillators were investigated and the determined characteristics were compared with those obtained for the well-known and widely used CsI:Tl and NaI:Tl crystals. All the detectors were of the same size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm3. The aim of this test study was to single out scintillation detectors most suitable for γ-ray spectrometry and γ -ray emission radial profile measurements in high-temperature plasma experiments. Decay time, energy resolution, non-proportionality and full energy peak detection efficiency were measured for γ -ray energies up to 1770 keV. Due to their good energy resolution, short decay time and high detection efficiency for MeV gamma rays, LaBr3:Ce and CeBr3 scintillators are proposed as the best candidates for use especially under conditions of high count rates, which are expected in the forthcoming DT experiments.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 3; 223-228
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser nuclear fusion: current status, challenges and prospect
Autorzy:
Badziak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201663.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
laser
plasma
inertial fusion
laser acceleration
Opis:
In 2009, in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, National Ignition Facility (NIF) - the largest thermonuclear fusion device ever made was launched. Its main part is a multi-beam laser whose energy in nanosecond pulse exceeds 1MJ (106 J). Its task is to compress DT fuel to the density over a few thousand times higher than that of solid-state DT and heat it to 100 millions of K degrees. In this case, the process of fuel compression and heating is realized in an indirect way - laser radiation (in UV range) is converted in the so-called hohlraum (1 cm cylinder with a spherical DT pellet inside) into very intense soft X radiation symmetrically illuminating DT pellet. For the first time ever, the fusion device's energetic parameters are sufficient for the achieving the ignition and self-sustained burn of thermonuclear fuel on a scale allowing for the generation of energy far bigger than that delivered to the fuel. The main purpose of the current experimental campaign on NIF is bringing about, within the next two-three years, a controlled thermonuclear 'big bang' in which the fusion energy will exceed the energy delivered by the laser at least ten times. The expected 'big bang' would be the culmination of fifty years of international efforts aiming at demonstrating both physical and technical feasibility of generating, in a controlled way, the energy from nuclear fusion in inertial confined plasma and would pave the way for practical realization of the laser-driven thermonuclear reactor. This paper briefly reviews the basic current concepts of laser fusion and main problems and challenges facing the research community dealing with this field. In particular, the conventional, central hot spot ignition approach to laser fusion is discussed together with the more recent ones - fast ignition, shock ignition and impact ignition fusion. The research projects directed towards building an experimental laser-driven thermonuclear reactor are presented as well.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 4; 729-738
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dena, a new PF device
Autorzy:
Tafreshi, M. A.
Farrahi, M.
Lamehi, M.
Goudarzi, S.
Habibi, H.
Memarzadeh, M.
Siahpoush, V.
Saeedzadeh, E.
Vinogradov, V. P.
Krauz, V. I.
Krivtsov, V. A.
Karakin, M. A.
Myalton, V. V.
Tykshaev, V. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Dena
focus
fusion
neutron
plasma
X-ray
Opis:
In this paper we are going to introduce “Dena”, a new Filippov type plasma focus facility, with a condenser bank of 0.288 mF, and a maximum supplying energy of 90 kJ (at Vmax= 25 kV). The facility was installed and started to work in the first quarter of the year 2000. Major points of the paper are: – Dena’s construction, functionality, and diagnostic system. – Preliminary results: Different modes of neutron, X-ray, and “hot spot” production, as well as the possibility of controlling operational mode, by changing anode configuration and initial discharge condition.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 85-87
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostic systems for the nuclear fusion and plasma research in the PF-24 plasma focus laboratory at the IFJ PAN
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Ł.
Wójcik-Gargula, A.
Kulińska, A.
Bielecki, J.
Wiącek, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
diagnostics for DD fusion products
fast neutron sources
plasma diagnostics
plasma focus
plasma imaging
Opis:
This paper presents a set of diagnostics dedicated to PF-24 – new medium size – plasma focus (PF) device built and operated at the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN). The PF-24 can operate at energy level up to 93 kJ and charging voltage up to 40 kV. Each condenser is connected with a specially designed spark gap with a very small jitter, which ensures a high efficiency and a low current rise time. The working parameters of PF-24 generator make it a suitable tool for testing new detection systems to be used in fusion research. Four types of such detection systems are presented in this article: three diagnostic systems used to measure electric quantities (Rogowski coil, magnetic probe, capacitance probe), neutron counter based on beryllium activation, fast neutron pinhole camera based on small-area BCF-12 plastic scintillation detectors and high-speed four-frame soft X-ray camera with microchannel plate.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 4; 413-418
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Important problems of future thermonuclear reactors
Autorzy:
Sadowski, M. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fusion reactions
plasma
tokamak
power plant
thermonuclear reactor
Opis:
This paper concerns important and difficult problems connected with a design and construction of thermonuclear reactors, which have to use nuclear fusion reactions of heavy isotopes of hydrogen, i.e., deuterium (D) and tritium (T). There are described conditions in which such reactions can occur, and different methods of a high-temperature plasma generation, i.e., high-current electrical discharges, intense microwave pulses, and injection of energetic neutral atoms (NBI). There are also presented experimental facilities which can contain hot plasma for an appropriate period, and particularly so-called tokamaks. The second part presents the technical problems which must be solved in order to build a thermonuclear reactor, that might be used for energetic purposes. There are considered problems connected with a choice of constructional materials for a vacuum chamber, its internal parts, external windings generating a magnetic fi eld, and necessary shields. The next part considers the handling of radioactive tritium; the using of alpha particles (4He) for additional heating of plasma; recuperation of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in the tokamak internal parts, and a removal of a helium excess. There is presented a scheme of a future thermonuclear power plant and critical comments on a road map which should enable the construction of an industrial thermonuclear reactor (DEMO).
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 331-338
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transient plasma loads to the ITER divertor surfaces : simulation experiments with QSPA Kh - 50
Autorzy:
Garkusha, I. E.
Aksenov, N. N.
Chuvilo, A. A.
Landman, I. S.
Makhlaj, V. A.
Malykhin, S. V.
Pugachev, A. T.
Sadowski, M. J.
Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147812.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma accelerator
transient loads
tungsten
dust
fusion reactor
Opis:
Experimental simulations of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) transient events with relevant heat load and particle load parameters have been performed with a quasi-stationary plasma accelerator QSPA Kh-50. Pulsed plasma guns PPA and IBIS were also used for comparative studies of surface damages appearing under varying plasma parameters and sorts of plasma ions. Particular attention is paid to the material erosion due to particles ejection from the tungsten surfaces both in the form of droplets and solid dust. Generation mechanisms of the dust in the course of ELM-like plasma impacts to the tungsten surfaces are discussed
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 167-170
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reconsideration of thermonuclear possibilities of Z-pinches
Autorzy:
Vikhrev, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fusion burn wave
neutrons
plasma focus
Z-pinch
Opis:
The paper considers the Z-pinch as the basis for future thermonuclear fusion reactors. Experiments on Z-pinches always concern small and high temperature and a high density plasma regions that arise spontaneously in the Z-pinch neck. A burn wave might be initiated in the Z-pinch column if in this small plasma region a Lawson-like condition is fulfilled.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 9-12
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fusion reaction scaling in a mega - amp dense plasma focus
Autorzy:
Lerner, E. J.
Murali, S. K.
Blake, A. M.
Shannon, D. M.
van Roessel, F. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense plasma focus (DPF)
fusion reaction scaling
neutron yield saturation
Opis:
The dense plasma focus (DPF) is one of the most efficient sources of fusion reactions for a given energy input. For smaller DPFs, fusion output scales as I4 or faster, where I is peak current. However, energy output in high-current machines saturates at 1012 reactions with deuterium as fill gas. To attempt to overcome this saturation, experiments at the focus fusion-1 (FF-1) facility have tested the use of smaller-radius electrodes (2.8 cm radius anode) and higher fill-gas densities more than 30 T.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 205-209
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
D(3He,p)4He and D(d,p)3H fusion in a small plasma focus operated in a deuterium helium-3 gas mixture
Autorzy:
Springham, S.
Sim, T.
Rawat, T.
Lee, P.
Patran, A.
Shutler, P.
Tan, T.
Lee, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma focus
deuterium
helium-3
fusion
CR-39
track detectors
Opis:
Abstract A 3 kJ plasma focus was operated with a 3He-D2 gas mixture, with partial pressures in the ratio of 2:1, corresponding to an atomic number ratio of 1:1 for 3He and D atoms. The fusion reactions D(3He,p)4He and D(d,p)3H were measured simultaneously using CR-39 polymer nuclear track detectors placed inside a pinhole camera positioned on the forward plasma focus axis. A sandwich arrangement of two 1000 mi m thick CR-39 detectors enabled the simultaneous registration of two groups of protons with approximate energies of 16 MeV and 3 MeV arising from the D(3He,p)4He and D(d,p)3H reactions, respectively. Radial track density distributions were obtained from each CR-39 detector and per-shot average distributions were calculated for the two groups of protons. It is found that the D(3He,p)4He and D(d,p)3H proton yields are of similar magnitude. Comparing the experimental distributions with results from a Monte Carlo simulation, it was deduced that the D(3He,p)4He fusion is concentrated close to the plasma focus pinch column, while the D(d,p)3H fusion occurs relatively far from the pinch. The relative absence of D(d,p)3H fusion in the pinch is one significant reason for concluding that the D(3He,p)4He fusion occurring in the plasma focus pinch is not thermonuclear in origin. It is argued that the bulk of the D(3He,p)4He fusion is due to energetic 3He2+ ions incident on a deuterium target. Possible explanations for differing spatial distributions of D(3He,p)4He and D(d,p)3H fusion in the plasma focus are discussed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 47-53
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Power Laser Laboratory at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion : equipment and preliminary research
Autorzy:
Zaraś-Szydłowska, A.
Badziak, J.
Rosiński, M.
Makowski, J.
Parys, P.
Piotrowski, M.
Ryć, L.
Wołowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
femtosecond pulses
high-power laser
inertial confinement fusion
laser plasma
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to present the newly-opened High Power Laser Laboratory (HPLL) at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM). This article describes the laser, the main laboratory accessories and the diagnostic instruments. We also present preliminary results of the first experiment on ion and X-ray generation from laser-produced plasma that has been already performed at the HPLL.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 245-248
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostics and scaling of fusion-produced neutrons in PF experiments
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
neutron diagnostics
nuclear fusion
Opis:
Neutrons from a plasma focus (PF) device operated in a deuterium gas, measured as a function of time, location and direction of emission, reveal quite a number of important parameters on fusion reactions occurring in the dense high-current phase of the experiment. In addition the determination of the energy spectra of the emitted neutrons is important for understanding the mechanisms taking place for the neutron production. Results of neutron measurements in large experiments such as the former POSEIDON experiment in Stuttgart and the PF-1000 experiment in Warsaw are presented. The neutron diagnostic methods that had been utilized include nuclear track detectors, plastic scintillators coupled to photomultipliers, activation measurements, time-of-flight methods as well as pinholes for spatial resolution of the neutron source. The well known scaling law according to which the neutron yield scales roughly as the square of the energy input or the fourth power of the current is discussed. Reasons for strong deviation from this law for high energies - known as the saturation effect - are still a subject of debate.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 107-112
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrolowana fuzja termojądrowa – układy z magnetycznym utrzymaniem plazmy
Controlled thermonuclear fusion - systems with magnetic plasma maintenance
Autorzy:
Jednoróg, Sławomir
Łaszyńska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/214380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
fuzja jądrowa
plazma
energia termojądrowa
nuclear physics
thermonuclear fusion
magnetic plasma
Opis:
W fizyce jądrowej zjawiskiem fuzji nazywamy łączenie jąder pierwiastków lekkich, któremu towarzyszy wydzielanie się energii. Kontrolowanej fuzji izotopów deuteru i trytu przypisuje się wielkie znaczenie dla rozwiązania problemów energetycznych. Koncepcja ta bazuje na rezultatach osiągniętych podczas kampanii eksperymentalnych prowadzonych na największym działającym tokamaku JET (Joint European Torus). Kolejnym krokiem w ujarzmieniu energii termojądrowej będzie budowany we Francji tokamak ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). Rozpoczęło się projektowanie pierwszej prototypowej elektrowni fuzyjnej DEMO (DEMOnstration Power Station). Rozwój energetyki opartej na zjawisku fuzji jądrowej nastręcza jednak wiele problemów technologicznych, których rozwiązanie wciąż pozostaje wyzwaniem.
In nuclear physics, the fusion is the process of binding together of the nuclei of the light elements with releasing the energy. The controlled fusion of deuterium and tritium is considered as the solution of contemporary energetic problems. This conception based on results achieved in the frame of experimental campaigns conducted on the biggest and still workable JET tokamak. The next step in thermonuclear energy controlling is the tokamak ITER that is being built in France. Currently, work is underway on design of the first prototype fusion power plant DEMO. The development of fusion power engineering carries away the complex technological problems that still have to be solved.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej; 2019, 3; 27-32
0551-6846
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the influence of gas puff loads on plasma focus dynamics
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
computer modelling
gas puffing
nuclear fusion
nuclear reactions
plasma focus
Z-pinch
Opis:
The plasma focus is a source of pulsed radiation, which is of interest in various fields of physics and technology. Applications include soft X-ray microscopy, soft X-ray and electron beam lithography. The plasma focus is also a highly efficient source of fast neutrons. If one applies gas puffing instead of static filling, decoupling of plasma conditions in the breakdown and compression phases can be achieved. Results of experiments with a fast valve and accompanying 2D modelling of the dynamic gas target are presented. Among other advantages of gas puffing, neutron yield could be increased up to a factor of three in appropriate experiments. The concept of gas puffing has been extensively investigated in many Z-pinch experiments including multiple gas puffs. It seems desirable to increase the efforts to understand and optimise the gas puffing option for small and large plasma focus devices.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 15-19
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generation of shock waves in dense plasmas by high-intensity laser pulses
Autorzy:
Pasley, J.
Bush, I. A.
Robinson, A. P. L.
Rajeev, P. P.
Mondal, S.
Lad, A. D.
Ahmed, S.
Narayanan, V.
Ravindra Kumar, D
Kingham, R. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
shock waves
radiation hydrodynamics
laser–plasma interactions
fast ignition
inertial confinement fusion
Doppler spectroscopy
Opis:
When intense short-pulse laser beams (I > 1022 W/m2, τ < 20 ps) interact with high density plasmas, strong shock waves are launched. These shock waves may be generated by a range of processes, and the relative significance of the various mechanisms driving the formation of these shock waves is not well understood. It is challenging to obtain experimental data on shock waves near the focus of such intense laser–plasma interactions. The hydrodynamics of such interactions is, however, of great importance to fast ignition based inertial confinement fusion schemes as it places limits upon the time available for depositing energy in the compressed fuel, and thereby directly affects the laser requirements. In this manuscript we present the results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations showing the formation of shock waves under such conditions, driven by the j × B force and the thermal pressure gradient (where j is the current density and B the magnetic field strength). The time it takes for shock waves to form is evaluated over a wide range of material and current densities. It is shown that the formation of intense relativistic electron current driven shock waves and other related hydrodynamic phenomena may be expected over time scales of relevance to intense laser–plasma experiments and the fast ignition approach to inertial confi nement fusion. A newly emerging technique for studying such interactions is also discussed. This approach is based upon Doppler spectroscopy and offers promise for investigating early time shock wave hydrodynamics launched by intense laser pulses.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 193-198
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 19

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