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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Mechanism and Synthesis of Yttrium Iron (Y-Fe) Alloy by Low Temperature Process Using Calcium as Reductant
    Autorzy:
    Ilayaraja, Marimuthu
    Berchmans, L. John
    Sankaranarayan, Sankara Raman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Gibbs free energy
    reaction kinetics
    VSM
    XRD
    SEM
    Opis:
    In this paper, study the preparation of Y-Fe alloy by reduction-diffusion process, which is novel technique for producing an alloy from its ores directly at different temperatures. From this work, investigates the particles size and morphology structure of alloy by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive-X-ray analyzer (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Here study the thermodynamics of property of system such as Gibbs free energy and reaction kinetics of system respectively. The Vibrating Sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to study the magnetic properties of alloy such as cocerviety, saturation magnetization and retentivity.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1593-1596
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of oxygen binding by hemoglobin on the basis of mean intrinsic thermodynamic quantities
    Autorzy:
    Bordbar, Abdol-Khalegh
    Mousavi, Sayed
    Dazhampanah, Hamid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    cooperativity
    mean intrinsic Gibbs free energy
    linkage phenomena
    hemoglobin
    Opis:
    The binding data for oxygenation of human hemoglobin, Hb, at various temperatures and in the absence and presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, DPG, and inositol hexakis phosphate, IHP, were analyzed for extraction of mean intrinsic Gibbs free energy, ΔGo, enthalpy, ΔHo, and entropy, ΔSo, of binding at various partial oxygen pressures. This method of analysis considers all the protein species present such as dimer and tetramer forms which were not considered by Imai et al. (Imai K et al., 1970, Biochim Biophys Acta 200: 189 - 196) , in their analysis which was based on Adair equation. In this regard, the values of Hill equation parameters were estimated with high precision at all points of the binding curve and used for calculation of ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo were also calculated by analysis of ΔGo values at various temperatures using van't Hoff equation. The results represent the enthalpic nature of the cooperativity in Hb oxygenation and the compensation effect of intrinsic entropy. The interpretation of results also to be, into account the decrease of the binding affinity of sites for oxygen in the presence of DPG and IHP without any considerable changes in the site - site interaction (extent of cooperativity). In other words, the interactions between bound ligands, organic phosphates and oxygen, are more due to a decreasing binding affinity and not to the reduction of the cooperative interaction between sites. The results also document the more heterotropic effect of IHP compared to DPG.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2006, 53, 3; 563-568
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    O siłach napędowych w przyrodzie : koncepcje, interpretacje, nieporozumienia
    About driving forces in nature : concepts, interpretations and misunderstandings
    Autorzy:
    Orlik, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200428.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    termodynamika chemiczna
    entropia
    entalpia swobodna
    energia swobodna Helmholtza
    współrzędna reakcji
    reguła Le Chateliera-Brauna
    chemical thermodynamics
    entropy
    free Gibbs energy
    free Helmholtz energy
    reaction coordinate
    Le Chatelier-Braun principle
    Opis:
    Prepared for presentation within the Didactic Section of Polish Chemical Society, the study summarizes selected problems and concepts of teaching the basics of chemical reaction energetics as part of chemical undergraduate studies. The following problems are discussed: 1) indication of misunderstandings related to the definition of standard states in thermodynamics, with particular emphasis on the unfortunate assignment of the temperature of 298.15 K as "standard temperature", 2) problems with the interpretation of entropy as a "measure of disorder", with a recommendation regarding for understanding entropy as a measure of the number of ways to distribute the total energy of the system between the available degrees of freedom of motions, in terms of the quantum representation, i.e. the energy characteristics of a substance through sequences of energy levels, 3) a proposal to introduce the issue of thermodynamic driving forces of a chemical reaction based on the characteristics of the water evaporation process under different conditions, which favors the distinction of any reaction driving force from its standard driving force, as well as the distinction of such forces for isochoric and isobaric systems, both one- and multi-component, (4) the necessity to take into account the entropy of mixing of reagents to deepen the understanding of changes in the driving force of the reaction on the way to the state of chemical equilibrium, and 5) various interpretations of the influence of temperature on the equilibrium composition of the reacting system (Le Chatelier-Braun rule), with a recommendation for molecular interpretation, showing the role of differences in energies and sequences of energy levels of reactants and products for the value and direction of changes of the equilibrium constants of the reaction with temperature, taking into account also the principles of statistical thermodynamics. An additional aim of the article is to emphasize the importance of elementary mathematical education for mastering the basic laws governing the course of physicochemical processes, as well as for true understanding of chemistry, in general.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2023, 77, 1-2; 1--34
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Thermodynamic Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Tatar, C.
    Yildirim, Z.
    Kaygili, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    shape memory alloy
    phase transformation
    differential scanning calorimetry
    electron microscopy
    Gibbs free energy
    activation energy
    Opis:
    The effect of hydrostatic pressure and different heating/cooling rates on physical properties and microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloy has been investigated. The transformation temperatures and physical properties of the alloy have changed with applied pressure. It has been clearly seen from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that with the increase of applied pressure, while As and Af, and Mf transformation temperatures decrease, Ms value increase. Moreover, based on the increase of the pressure amount applied on the sample, there was an average increase of 48% for Gibbs free energy and 18% for elastic strain energy. Entropy of the alloys decreases depending on the increase in the amount of applied pressure for all heating rates. Depending on the amount of applied pressure on the sample, an interior strain of 0.177% at most was observed. With the increase of applied pressure on the sample, it was determined that activation energy increased. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the samples show that the grain sizes of the unpressured sample and the samples on which pressure is applied are between 40 and 120 μm, which was determined by Image Analysis Method.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 799-806
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic analysis of cast irons solidification with various types of graphite
    Autorzy:
    Elbel, T.
    Hampl, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380412.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    pomiar aktywności tlenu
    energia swobodna Gibbsa
    krzepnięcie żeliwa
    continuous oxygen activity measurement
    calculation of Gibbs free energy
    cast iron solidification
    Opis:
    The contribution summarises the results of oxygen activity determinations, which were measured and registered continuously in castings from cast irons with various types of graphite. The results were used to find the relationship between two variables: natural logarithm of oxygen activities and reverse value of thermodynamic temperature 1 /T. Obtained regression lines were used to calculate oxygen activity at different temperatures, to calculate Gibbs free energy \deltaG at the different temperatures and to calculate the single \deltaG value for significant temperature of the graphite solidification. The results were processed by a statistical analysis of data files for the different types of graphite with flake, vermicular and spheroidal graphite. Each material has its proper typical oxygen activities range and individual temperature function of Gibbs free energy for analysing and governing casting quality.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 157-165
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects Of Process Parameters On Cu Powder Synthesis Yield And Particle Size In A Wet-Chemical Process
    Wpływ parametrów procesu na wydajność syntezy proszku Cu i wielkości cząstek w procesie mokrym chemicznym
    Autorzy:
    Shin, Y. M.
    Lee, J. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354168.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wet-chemical process
    micron-size Cu powder
    Synthesis yield
    particle size
    gibbs free energy difference
    proszek Cu
    proces chemiczny mokry
    wydajność syntezy
    rozmiar cząsteczki
    różnica energii swobodnej Gibbsa
    Opis:
    This study presents a simple wet-chemical process to prepare several micron-size Cu powders. Moreover, changes in powder synthesis yield and particle size are examined with different solvents, synthesis temperatures, and amounts of reducing agent during the synthesis. As a reducing agent and capping agent, L-ascorbic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were used, respectively. The yields in distilled water or an ethylene glycol (EG)/distilled water mixture were higher than that in EG alone, and the yield increased with increasing temperature owing to a lower Δ Gred value. Increasing the L-ascorbic acid concentration also increased the yield. The Cu powder synthesized in 3 h at 90°C in distilled water with 272.8 mM of L-ascorbic acid showed the lowest average particle size of 2.52 μm, indicating mechanisms of short burst nucleation and reduced growth via the increased reduction rate of Cu ions. It is estimated that the nucleation step was nearly completed within 10 min in this system. The Cu powders synthesized in an ethylene glycol/distilled water mixture presented an average particle size of 3.76 μm and the highest yield of 87.9%.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2B; 1247-1250
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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