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    Wyświetlanie 1-39 z 39
    Tytuł:
    The Leading Role of Aluminium in the Growing Production of Castings Made of the Non-Ferrous Alloys
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Jakubus, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079827.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry production
    non-ferrous alloys
    aluminium alloys
    produkcja odlewnicza
    stopy metali nieżelaznych
    stopy aluminium
    Opis:
    The paper presents changes in the production volume of castings made of non-ferrous alloys on the background of changes in total production of casting over the 2000-2019 period, both on a global scale and in Poland. It was found that the dynamics of increase in the production volume of castings made of non-ferrous alloys was distinctly greater than the dynamics of increase in the total production volume of castings over the considered period of time. Insofar as the share of production of the non-ferrous castings in the total production of castings was less than 16% during the first two years of the considered period, it reached the level of 20% in the last four years analysed. This share, when it comes to Poland, increased even to the greater degree; it grew from about 10% of domestic production of castings to over 33% within the regarded 2000-2019 period. The greatest average annual growth rate of production, both on a global scale and in Poland, was recorded for aluminium alloys as compared with other basic non-ferrous alloys. This growth rate for all the world was 4.08%, and for Poland 10.6% over the 2000-2019 period. The value of the average annual growth rate of the production of aluminium castings in Poland was close to the results achieved by China (12%), India (10.3%) and the South Korea (15.4%) over the same period of time. In 2019, the total production of castings in the world was equal to about 109 million tonnes, including over 21 million tonnes of castings made of non-ferrous alloys. The corresponding data with respect to Poland are about 1 million tonnes and about 350 thousand tonnes, respectively. In the same year, the production of castings made of aluminium alloys was equal to about 17.2 million tonnes in the world, and about 340 thousand tonnes in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 3; 33-42
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimising a model of minimum stock level control and a model of standing order cycle in selected foundry plant
    Autorzy:
    Szymszal, J.
    Lis, T.
    Przondziono, J.
    Nowacki, K.
    Kliś, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computer aiding
    foundry production
    logistics
    stock control models
    wspomaganie komputerowe
    produkcja odlewnicza
    logistyka
    sterowanie magazynem
    Opis:
    It has been found that the area where one can look for significant reserves in the procurement logistics is a rational management of the stock of raw materials. Currently, the main purpose of projects which increase the efficiency of inventory management is to rationalise all the activities in this area, taking into account and minimising at the same time the total inventory costs. The paper presents a method for optimising the inventory level of raw materials under a foundry plant conditions using two different control models. The first model is based on the estimate of an optimal level of the minimum emergency stock of raw materials, giving information about the need for an order to be placed immediately and about the optimal size of consignments ordered after the minimum emergency level has occurred. The second model is based on the estimate of a maximum inventory level of raw materials and an optimal order cycle. Optimisation of the presented models has been based on the previously done selection and use of rational methods for forecasting the time series of the delivery of a chosen auxiliary material (ceramic filters) to a casting plant, including forecasting a mean size of the delivered batch of products and its standard deviation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 97-100
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Shaping the Strength of Cast Rocker Arm for Special Purpose Vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Żuczek, R.
    Pysz, S.
    Maj, M.
    Piekło, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379543.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computer aiding
    foundry production
    design optimization
    aluminium alloy
    wspomaganie komputerowe
    produkcja odlewnicza
    optymalizacja konstrukcji
    stop aluminium
    Opis:
    The article discusses the weldment to casting conversion process of rocker arm designed for operation in a special purpose vehicle to obtain a consistency of objective functions, which assume the reduced weight of component, the reduced maximum effort of material under the impact of service loads achieved through topology modification for optimum strength distribution in the sensitive areas, and the development of rocker arm manufacturing technology. As a result of conducted studies, the unit weight of the item was reduced by 25%, and the stress limit values were reduced to a level guaranteeing safe application.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 95-98
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advanced methods of foundry processes control
    Zaawansowane metody sterowania procesami odlewniczymi
    Autorzy:
    Perzyk, M.
    Kozlowski, J.
    Wislocki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351939.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry production
    process control
    learning systems
    time-series
    procesy odlewnicze
    system sterowania
    systemy uczące się
    szeregi czasowe
    Opis:
    The paper discusses two main approaches utilized in contemporary industry to control of discrete and continuous manufacturing processes: Statistical Process Control and Engineering Process Control as well as applications of learning systems and time-series analysis in the control systems. The use of time-series techniques for anticipated control of selected foundry processes is presented and positively evaluated using industry data obtained from the green molding sand processing.
    W artykule omówiono dwa podejścia stosowane we współczesnym przemyśle do sterowania dyskretnymi i ciągłymi procesami wytwarzania: Statystyczne Sterowanie Procesem oraz sterowanie techniczne (ang. Engineering Process Control), a także zastosowania systemów uczących się i analizy szeregów czasowych w systemach sterowania. Zaprezentowano i poddano pozytywnej ocenie wykorzystanie technik szeregów czasowych w antycypacyjnym sterowaniu wybranymi procesami odlewniczymi, z użyciem danych przemysłowych uzyskanych z procesu przerobu wilgotnych mas formierskich.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 899-902
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structure of Foundry Production in the World and in Poland over the 1974-2013 Period
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Skurka, K.
    Jakubus, A.
    Kordas, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry production
    cast iron
    cast steel
    aluminium alloy
    nonferrous alloy
    produkcja odlewnicza
    żeliwo
    staliwo
    stop aluminium
    stop nieżelazny
    Opis:
    The paper presents data illustrating the total production of castings in the world and in Poland over the 1974-2013 period. The fractions of basic casting alloys in the total amount of material used for the production of metal castings during the considered period of time were found. It was noticed that the fraction of grey cast iron castings in the total amount of the produced castings decreased significantly over the past 40 years, both on a global scale (from about 65-75% to about 45%) and in Poland (from about 75-80% to about 45-55%). The fraction of SG iron increased considerably, up to about 25% in the world, and up to about 12-16% in Poland. The fraction of malleable became almost negligible (about 1%). The fraction of cast steel took different course in Poland and in the world: it stabilised on a global scale at about 10% in recent years, but dropped down to the level of about 4-7% in Poland. The use of aluminium alloys for the production of casting grew dynamically; their fraction in the total production of casting rose from somewhat less than 4% to almost 15% on a global scale. As far as Poland is considered, this growth was ever more intensive: from about 6-8% to about 25-30% in the 1989-2013 period (the detailed data for the previous period of time are lacking).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 69-76
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of ALSV(FD) logic and XTT knowledge representation in the range of ADI properties
    Autorzy:
    Regulski, K.
    Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
    Rojek, B.
    Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
    Adrian, W. T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380492.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry production
    computer aided foundry
    application of information technologies
    ADI
    ALSV
    rule based XTT format
    odlewnia
    odlewy
    komputerowe wspomaganie odlewni
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    Opis:
    The objective of studies presented in this publication was structuring of research knowledge about the ADI functional properties and changes in these properties due to material treatment. The results obtained were an outcome of research on the selection of a format of knowledge representation that would be useful in further work aiming at the design, application and implementation of an effective system supporting the decisions of a technologist concerning the choice of a suitable material (ADI in this case) and appropriate treatment process (if necessary). ALSV(FD) logic allows easy modelling of knowledge, which should let addressees of the target system carry out knowledge modelling by themselves. The expressiveness of ALSV (FD) logic allows recording the values of attributes from the scope of the modelled domain regarding ADI, which is undoubtedly an advantage in the context of further use of the logic. Yet, although the logic by itself does not allow creating the rules of knowledge, it may form a basis for the XTT format that is rule-based notation. The difficulty in the use of XTT format for knowledge modelling is acceptable, but formalism is not suitable for the discovery of rules, and therefore the knowledge of technologist is required to determine the impact of process parameters on values that are functional properties of ADI. The characteristics of ALSV(FD) logic and XTT formalism, described in this article, cover the most important aspects of a broadly discussed, full evaluation of the applicability of these solutions in the construction of a system supporting the decisions of a technologist.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 2; 75-78
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Use of Modern Statistical Methods to Optimize Production Systems in Foundries
    Autorzy:
    Szymszal, J.
    Gajdzik, B.
    Kaczmarczyk, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379769.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    production of computer-aided
    foundry production
    quality of castings
    statistical methods
    forecasting
    wytwarzanie wspomagane komputerem
    produkcja w odlewni
    jakość odlewów
    metody statystyczne
    prognozowanie
    Opis:
    Conducting reliable and credible evaluation and statistical interpretation of empirical results related to the operation of production systems in foundries is for most managers complicated and labour-intensive. Additionally, in many cases, statistical evaluation is either ignored and considered a necessary evil, or is completely useless because of improper selection of methods and subsequent misinterpretation of the results. In this article, after discussing the key elements necessary for the proper selection of statistical methods, a wide spectrum of these methods has been presented, including regression analysis, uni- and multivariate correlation, one-way analysis of variance for factorial designs, and selected forecasting methods. Each statistical method has been illustrated with numerous examples related to the foundry practice.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 3; 115-120
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trends in the Production of Castings in the World and in Poland in the XXI Century
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Kordas, P.
    Skurka, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381362.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry production
    cast iron
    cast steel
    aluminium alloys
    non-ferrous alloys
    produkty odlewnicze
    żeliwo
    staliwo
    stopy aluminium
    stopy metali nieżelaznych
    Opis:
    The paper presents data concerning the total production of castings over the 2000-2014 period, both on a global scale, and in Poland. The basic types of casting alloys were taken into account. Changes in the production volume and structure over the period of the analysed 15 years were pointed out with respect to countries leading in foundry production. The topmost position in the world foundry industry is held by China for several years (with almost 45% share in the foundry market), the second place is taken by India (with almost 9% share). A distinct reduction in the shares of the once significant producers of castings, such as USA, Japan, Germany, Russia, Italy, or France, was observed over the 2000-2014 period. Poland had a share of 1.16% in 2000, and of 1.02% in 2014. Comparing the detailed data concerning the years 2000 and 2014, one can see that the fractions of castings made of ductile iron, cast steel, aluminium alloys, or magnesium alloys increase on a global scale, while such alloys as grey cast iron or malleable are in decline.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 2; 5-10
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza stanu naprężeń w konstrukcjach odlewu korpusu, pokrywy i klina zasuw klinowych do gazu
    Analysis of the state of stress in cast bodies, covers and wedges of the wedge gate valves used in gas networks
    Autorzy:
    Gwiżdż, A.
    Żuczek, R.
    Nowak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391680.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie produkcji odlewniczej
    symulacja rozkładu naprężeń
    armatura żeliwna
    computer-aided foundry production
    simulation of stress distribution
    cast iron fittings
    Opis:
    Przeprowadzono analizę numeryczną rozkładu naprężeń eksploatacyjnych w zasuwach miękko uszczelnionych do sieci gazowych z rur PE odlewanych z żeliwa sferoidalnego EN-GJS-400-15. Analiza przeprowadzona została z wykorzystaniem systemu ANSYS, na podstawie danych i dokumentacji dotyczącej rzeczywistych warunków próby, przeprowadzanych w Fabryce Armatur JAFAR SA. Zastosowanie oprogramowania ANSYS pozwoliło na zintegrowanie analiz numerycznych opracowanej konstrukcji wirtualnej, obciążanej ciśnieniem próby, z reakcją rzeczywistej konstrukcji w trakcie prób laboratoryjnych prowadzonych na stanowisku do analizy szczelności, wraz z możliwością weryfikacji wyników wirtualnych i rzeczywistych. W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono wyniki analizy dla zaworów DN50 i DN150. Wyniki tej analizy wykorzystane będą do weryfikacji konstrukcji odlewów wchodzących w skład modeli zasuw klinowych, poprzez poprawki wymiarowe konstrukcji.
    Numerical analysis was carried out to establish the operating stress distribution in soft-sealed gate valves cast from ductile iron EN-GJS-400-15 for the gas network of PE pipes. The analysis was carried out with ANSYS software, based on data and documentation of actual test conditions used at the JAFAR SA Fittings Factory. The use of ANSYS software allowed integration between the results of numerical analysis of the developed virtual structure loaded with test pressure and the response of real structure obtained during laboratory tests carried out on a stand for pressure leak testing, with further possibility of a verification of the results, both virtual and real. This publication presents the results of the analysis carried out on DN50 and DN150 gate valves. Through dimensional corrections introduced to the design, the results of this analysis will be used in verification of castings operating as components in models of the wedge gate valves.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2012, 52, 4; 127-153
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the Possibility of Using Dynamic Methods for Assessment of Investment Projects in the Domestic Foundry Industry
    Autorzy:
    Szymszal, J.
    Lis, T.
    Gajdzik, B.
    Kliś, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380393.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computer-aided foundry production
    dynamic methods for assessment
    investment projects
    efficiency calculus
    odlewnia
    komputerowe wspomaganie produkcji
    projekty inwestycyjne
    rachunek efektywności
    Opis:
    A comparative analysis involving the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects can be based on various rules indicating selection of the most favorable decisions. The dynamic methods for assessment of investment projects discussed in this article, which consider the possibility of modifying the predetermined investment options, are quite complex and difficult to implement. They are used both in the construction phase of the new company, as well as in its subsequent modernization. The assessments should be characterized by a high coefficient of the economic efficiency. The, observed in practice, high dynamic variability of both the external and internal conditions under which the company operates is the reason why in the process of calculating the economic efficiency of investment projects, there is a significant number of random parameters affected by high uncertainty and risk. Investments in the metallurgical industry are characterized by a relatively long cycle of implementation and operation. These are capital-intensive projects and often mistakenly taken investment decisions end in failure of the investment project and, consequently, in the collapse of the company. In addition, the applied methods of risk assessment of investment projects, especially the dynamic ones, should be fully understood by managerial staff and constitute an easy to use, yet accurate tool for improving the efficiency of the company.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 103-106
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykonanie rekonstrukcji odlewanej bransolety z epoki brązu
    Perform Reconstruction of the Cast Bracelets from the Bronze Age
    Autorzy:
    Wildhirt, E.
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Żak, P. L.
    Stolarczyk, T.
    Długosz, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie
    produkcja odlewnicza
    epoka brązu
    metoda wytapianych modeli
    metoda szybkiego prototypowania
    odlewnictwo artystyczne
    computer aiding
    foundry production
    bronze age
    investment casting process
    rapid prototyping
    art foundry
    Opis:
    W epoce brązu ozdoby, drobne wyroby artystyczne wykonywano metodą wytapianych modeli. Biżuteria miała funkcję użytkową i estetyczną, ale także świadczyła o statusie społecznym i bogactwie, była oznaką władzy oraz produktem wymiany na inny towar. Celem artykułu jest omówienie zagadnień związanych z wykonaniem odlewu zrekonstruowanej bransolety z epoki brązu. Analizie poddano proces wykonania odlewów w epoce brązu oraz porównano go ze współczesnymi metodami odlewania. Zaprezentowano projekt, model wykonany dzięki inżynierii odwrotnej oraz przedstawiono gotowy odlew odtworzonej bransolety z epoki brązu z użyciem metody wytapianych modeli. Podczas wykonywania bransolety wykorzystano metodę szybkiego prototypowania. Podstawą rekonstrukcji były oryginalne zabytkowe fragmenty form odlewniczych z epoki brązu pozyskane w wyniku współpracy Wydziału Odlewnictwa AGH z Muzeum Miedzi w Legnicy. Przeprowadzone badania mikroskopowe i defektoskopowe umożliwiły dokładne poznanie technologii oraz umożliwiły wykonanie bransolety, m.in. zrobienie pomiarów, które następnie posłużyły do wykonania trójwymiarowej rekonstrukcji gotowego wyrobu. W efekcie otrzymano odlane bransolety z brązu, które przybliżają kształty ozdób produkowanych w epoce brązu.
    In the Bronze Age ornaments, fine art products made by Lost Wax. It had jewelry and aesthetic function, but also the supply of social status and wealth, was a sign of power and Exchange product to another product. The purpose of the article is to discuss issues related to the implementation of the newly refurbished casting bracelets to the bronze age. The implementation process were analysed castings in bronze and compares it with the modern methods of casting. To learn the design, made by reverse engineering and are ready to cast the bronze bracelets recorded using the Lost Wax method. During the execution of the bracelets rapid prototyping method. The basis for the reconstruction of the former original antique molds fragments of bronze age obtained as a result of the cooperation of the Faculty of Foundry Engineering with the Museum of Copper in Legnica. Microscopic and defectoscopic examination have made it possible for accurate knowledge technology and have made it possible to make bracelets, make the measurements, which are then used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the finished product. As a result, received ready cast bracelet, events that approximate the shapes of ornaments produced in the Bronze Age.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3 spec.; 185-190
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Symulacja spiętrzania stopu w komorze zimnokomorowej maszyny ciśnieniowej
    Simulation of the Alloy Up-rise in the Shot Chamber of Cold Chamber HPDC machine
    Autorzy:
    Wiktor, T.
    Burbelko, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380113.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie
    produkcja odlewnicza
    program ProCAST
    maszyna ciśnieniowa
    jakość odlewu
    okluzja powietrza
    computer support
    foundry production
    ProCAST program
    HPDC machine
    cast quality
    air occlusion
    Opis:
    Technologia odlewania do form metalowych z wykorzystaniem wysokiego ciśnienia jest jednym ze sposobów wytwarzania odlewów precyzyjnych. Forma metalowa zapewnia precyzję odwzorowania wymiarów gotowego wyrobu, lecz z powodu szczelności materiału, z którego jest wykonana, utrudnia odprowadzanie powietrza z wnęki. Dodatkowo powstawaniu okluzji powietrza sprzyja wysoka prędkość strugi i związany z tym skomplikowany charakter ruchu ciekłego metalu wewnątrz formy. W największym stopniu problem okluzji powietrza występuje w maszynach zimnokomorowych z poziomą komorą wtrysku. W maszynach tego typu dodatkowym źródłem gazów w odlewie może być niewłaściwy przebieg pierwszej fazy pracy maszyny ciśnieniowej. W pracy za pomocą symulacji komputerowych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania ProCAST (ESI Group®) przeanalizowano zmiany kształtu swobodnej powierzchni stopu EN-AC 44300 AlSi12(Fe) podczas jego spiętrzania w komorze prasowania. Przeanalizowano wpływ prędkości ruchu tłoku, długości komory i stopnia jej wypełnienia na poprawny przebieg tego procesu.
    High Pressure Die Casting gives the possibility to produce the cast products with a high precision. Unfortunately, physical properties of the metal molds prevent the air evacuation from the mold cavity. High velocity of the stream and of the free surface movement as well as complicated character of the liquid metal movement prevent the air evacuation and promote the occlusions in the casting. Risk of the air occlusion is the highest in the case of the cold-chamber machines with a horizontal press-chambers. In the HP die casters of this type the addition source of the gas in the casting is the improper evolution of the alloy free surface during the first stage of the cycle (alloy up-rise). In this paper the evolution of the free surface of the EN-AC 44300 AlSi12(Fe) alloy was analyzed by ProCAST software (ESI Group®) in the HP chamber during the first stage of the working cycle. The influence of the piston velocity, shot chamber length and initial level of the alloy in the shot chamber on the behavior of the alloy free surface at this stage was analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 151-154
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effectiveness of SCADA Systems in Control of Green Sands Properties
    Autorzy:
    Ignaszak, Z.
    Sika, R.
    Perzyk, M.
    Kochański, A.
    Kozłowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381589.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computer aided foundry production
    SCADA systems
    data acquisition
    green sands
    green sand properties
    wspomaganie komputerowe produkcji
    produkty odlewnicze
    system SCADA
    pozyskiwanie danych
    piasek formierski
    Opis:
    The paper undertakes an important topic of evaluation of effectiveness of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, used for monitoring and control of selected processing parameters of classic green sands used in foundry. Main focus was put on process studies of properties of so-called 1st generation molding sands in the respect of their preparation process. Possible methods of control of this processing are presented, with consideration of application of fresh raw materials, return sand (regenerate) and water. The studies conducted in one of European foundries were aimed at pointing out how much application of new, automated plant of sand processing incorporating the SCADA systems allows stabilizing results of measurement of selected sand parameters after its mixing. The studies concerned two comparative periods of time, before an implementation of the automated devices for green sands processing (ASMS - Automatic Sand Measurement System and MCM – Main Control Module) and after the implementation. Results of measurement of selected sand properties after implementation of the ASMS were also evaluated and compared with testing studies conducted periodically in laboratory.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 1; 5-12
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda CALPHAD – nowoczesna technika pozyskiwania danych termodynamicznych
    Autorzy:
    Wróbel, M.
    Burbelko, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380073.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie produkcji odlewniczej
    metoda CALPHAD
    wykres fazowy Fe-C
    temperatura zalewania
    obróbka cieplna
    computer aided foundry production
    CALPHAD method
    phase diagram of Fe-C
    thermal treatment
    Opis:
    Pierwsze spotkanie z metodą CALPHAD zazwyczaj zaczyna się od pytania co właściwie można za jej pomocą obliczyć? Niniejsza praca przytacza kilka przykładów w jaki sposób można pozyskać interesujące nas rezultaty obliczeń oraz jak je interpretować, a także definiuje obszar, w którym to podejście jest pomocne. Pokazano wzory obliczeń pomocnych przy wyznaczaniu parametrów procesów technologicznych, takich jak temperatury zalewania oraz obróbki cieplnej. Przedstawiono również sposób wyznaczenia wpływu pierwiastków stopowych na przesunięcie punktów w układzie żelazo-węgiel. Podano ideę obliczeń równowagowych oraz nierównowagowych aby pomóc w zdaniu sobie sprawy, że same wyniki są tylko jednym z elementów potrzebnych do zrozumienia rozważanego układu oraz, że wymagana jest odpowiednia znajomość materiału, nad którym się pracuje, aby dojść do wiarygodnych wniosków. Zostało także zaznaczone, że metoda CALPHAD, dzięki możliwości obliczeń układów wyższych rzędów z uwzględnieniem wielu faz, jest niezmiernie pomocna w tematach związanych z modelowaniem przemian fazowych.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 79-84
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Production Scheduling for the One Furnace – Two Casting Lines System
    Autorzy:
    Basiura, R.
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    production scheduling
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    harmonogramowanie produkcji
    Opis:
    The paper presents a scheduling production problem in foundry equipped with one furnace and two casting lines, which provides a number of different types of castings for a large number of clients. The amount of molten metal may not be greater than the capacity of the furnace and its load is a type of metal, from which the products are manufactured on automated casting lines. The purpose of planning is to create the processing order of metal, to prevent delays in the delivery of the ordered products to the customers. This problem is mixt of lot-sizing problem and scheduling problem on two machines (the lines) running in parallel. The article gives a mathematical model, which formally defines the optimization problem, and his relaxed version which is based on the concept of rolling-horizon planning. The proposed approaches were tested on the sample data.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 3-6
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quality Management in the Manufacturing Process of Iron Casts on Foundry Lines
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379693.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    quality management
    foundry industry
    production systems
    production organization
    costs estimation
    zarządzanie jakością
    przemysł odlewniczy
    systemy produkcyjne
    organizacja produkcji
    Opis:
    The paper presents issues of quality management related to iron casts manufactured on automated foundry lines for automobile industry. The influence of the choice of electric furnace and automated foundry line with vertical or horizontal mould division on the quality of casts made of nodular or grey cast iron was presented. Analysis of different scenarios of the course of action manufacturing processes was performed basing on a simulation experiment, record data related to the quality of the manufactured casts and manufacturing prime costs analysis. The research used universal tools applied in simulation analysis of production systems (Rockwell Automation: Arena Simulation Software) and a spreadsheet used for cast manufacture cost estimation. The proposed variants have been assessed using the Pareto analysis on the basis of results of reports generated for a simulation experiment. The paper also presents suggestions of activities aimed at further improvement of the quality of foundry processes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 13-16
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving the Organization of Iron Casts Finishing Processes
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380666.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    automation in foundry
    robotics in foundry
    multicriteria variants analysis
    modelling of production systems
    simulation of production systems
    work ergonomics
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    automatyka w odlewnictwie
    robotyka w odlewnictwie
    modelowanie systemów produkcji
    symulacja systemów produkcyjnych
    ergonomia pracy
    Opis:
    The paper presents issues of production processes improvement in foundries in terms of finishing treatment of iron casts on grinding workstations. Basing on the conducted analysis of work ergonomics on the grinding line and the observation of work at workstations, a range of improvements related to organizing grinding treatment processes was proposed. In order to visualize the production system functioning and estimate its efficiency, a simulation model of a grinding line has been created, on which a simulation experiment was carried out. Due to many factors influencing the effectiveness of processes, it was suggested to use multi-criteria evaluation tools to choose the most rational solution. Three criteria have been assumed, according to which particular improvement variants were evaluated. Also, criteria weights have been set according to the Saaty’s method, and particular solution variants have been assessed separately with respect to each criterion. On the basis of the presented course of action, the best solution has been selected from among the analyzed options.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 55-58
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Production scheduling for the furnace - casting line system
    Autorzy:
    Stawowy, A.
    Duda, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    scheduling
    technologia informacyjna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    harmonogramowanie
    Opis:
    The problem considered in the paper is motivated by production planning in a foundry equipped with the furnace and casting line, which provides a variety of castings in various grades of cast iron/steel for a large number of customers. The quantity of molten metal does not exceed the capacity of the furnace, the load is a particular type of metal from which the products are made in the automatic casting lines. The goal is to create the order of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to customers. This problem is generally considered as a lot-sizing and scheduling problem. The paper describes two computational intelligence algorithms for simultaneous grouping and scheduling tasks and presents the results achieved by these algorithms for example test problems.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 84-87
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Production Scheduling under Fuzziness for the Furnace - Casting Line System
    Autorzy:
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380049.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    production scheduling
    fuzzy number
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    harmonogramowanie produkcji
    liczba rozmyta
    Opis:
    The problem considered in the paper is motivated by production planning in a foundry equipped with a furnace and a casting line, which provides a variety of castings in various grades of cast iron/steel for a large number of customers. The goal is to create the order of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to customers. This problem is generally considered as a lot-sizing and scheduling problem. However, contrary to the classic approach, we assumed the fuzzy nature of the demand set for a given day. The paper describes a genetic algorithm adapted to take into account the fuzzy parameters of simultaneous grouping and scheduling tasks and presents the results achieved by the algorithm for example test problem.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4; 29-32
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multi-agent Approach to Production Scheduling in Foundries
    Autorzy:
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    production scheduling
    multiagent approach
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    harmonogramowanie produkcji
    system wieloagentowy
    Opis:
    The paper describes a complete framework that uses a multi-agent approach for production scheduling in a foundry. Different types of autonomous agents have been designed, each playing a different role in the supply chain management of the fodundry, along with their responsibility and behavior in the system. In order to generate a proper and reliable schedule the agents negotiate with each other by sending messages compliant to FIPA ACL standard. A prototype of the system has been implemented in JADE and allowed to conduct preliminary simulation of the system. Although some agents some agents have been omitted in the prototype, it was possible to verify the main assumptions of the system, as well as, to indicate and discuss potential problems with its implementation into production practice.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 17-22
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The framework of agent-based negotiation platform for foundries cooperating in supply chain
    Autorzy:
    Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
    Regulski, K.
    Rojek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379687.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative foundry materials
    ontology
    agent technology
    production support
    technologia informacyjna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
    innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
    ontologia
    technologia agentowa
    wspomaganie produkcji
    Opis:
    This paper concerns the domain of contracts in the metallurgy and heavy industry, that are the form of deals making between cooperating companies being suppliers and consumers of some goods. From a general point of view cooperation enables for small companies to realize orders that are too large for an individual producer, but contract negotiations, further scheduling and support of production are usually too difficult and complicated. This paper presents a proposition of an information system, that should make cooperation between companies more available. Such system should be distributed among cooperating producers, what is the reason for choosing of the agent technology as the main software paradigm. This system should also support interchanging of information in many norms and technical standards, what results in the use of ontology concerning metallurgy and heavy industry.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 4; 73-78
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Models and algorithms for production planning and scheduling in foundries - current state and development perspectives
    Autorzy:
    Stawowy, A.
    Duda, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382778.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    szeregowanie zadań
    information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    scheduling
    Opis:
    Mathematical programming, constraint programming and computational intelligence techniques, presented in the literature in the field of operations research and production management, are generally inadequate for planning real-life production process. These methods are in fact dedicated to solving the standard problems such as shop floor scheduling or lot-sizing, or their simple combinations such as scheduling with batching. Whereas many real-world production planning problems require the simultaneous solution of several problems (in addition to task scheduling and lot-sizing, the problems such as cutting, workforce scheduling, packing and transport issues), including the problems that are difficult to structure. The article presents examples and classification of production planning and scheduling systems in the foundry industry described in the literature, and also outlines the possible development directions of models and algorithms used in such systems.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 69-74
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Theory of Constraints as a Method of Results Optimization in Complex Organization
    Autorzy:
    Janosz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382239.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    theory of constraints
    optimization of production organization
    foundry performance
    teoria ograniczeń
    organizacja produkcji
    wydajność odlewni
    Opis:
    The paper presents the theory of constraints (TOC) as a method used to improve results in a complex, multiplants organization. In the article the assumptions of this method has been presented as well as iterative approach concerning how to launch it in practice. Main indicators for organizational effectiveness assessment have also been presented. The maximization of production assets utilization is a key issue for competitive organization in the changing market conditions. An appropriate usage of the theory of constraints enables efficient allocation of financial assets among particular plants within a capital group. An application of a method has been presented based on throughput analyses and its influence to improve financial results of one plant organization and synergy effect in multiplants organization. The theory of constraints can be used in almost every kind of business sectors, among them are metal and foundry industries. It allows to be implemented in production organizations as well as in any other company’s profiles. Everywhere the constraint has been defined there is a chance to achieve an improvement following the presented method. The examples have been taken from the casting plants which use continuous and mold casting technologies. The examples show that TOC approach can be successfully employed as the improvement tool of foundries’ performances.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 4; 59-64
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical Programming for Lot Sizing and Production Scheduling in Foundries
    Autorzy:
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Basiura, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380801.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    application of information technology
    foundry industry
    production planning
    scheduling
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie produkcji
    Opis:
    The problem considered in the paper is motivated by production planning in a foundry equipped with the furnace and casting line, which provides a variety of castings in various grades of cast iron/steel for a large number of customers. The quantity of molten metal does not exceed the capacity of the furnace, the load is a particular type of metal from which the products are made. The goal is to create the order of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to customers. This problem is generally considered as a lot-sizing and scheduling problem. The paper describes a mathematical programming model that formally defines the optimization problem and its relaxed version that is based on the conception of rolling-horizon planning.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 17-20
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Management of Assortment Inventory Groups in Selected Foundry
    Autorzy:
    Szymszal, J.
    Kuczyńska-Chałada, M.
    Król, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383060.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computer support
    casting production
    supply logistics
    foundry plant
    wspomaganie komputerowe
    produkcja odlewnicza
    logistyka zaopatrzenia
    zakład odlewniczy
    Opis:
    As experience shows the practical, reliable assessment and optimisation of total costs of logistical processes implemented in supply chains of foundry plants is a quite complex and complicated process, because it requires to enclose all, without exception, performed actions, including them in various reference cross-sections, systematic activities and finally transforming them in a totally homogenous collection. Only solid analysis and assessment of assortment management in logistical supply systems in foundry plants of particular assortment groups allows to lower the supply costs significantly. In the article the analysis and assessment of the newest implemented optimising algorithms are presented in the process stock management of selected material groups used in a production process of a chosen foundry plant. A practical solution to solve a problem of rotary stock cost minimisation is given as well as of costs while creating a stock with the usage of economical volume and value of order.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 67-70
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving Quality and Occupational Safety on Automated Casting Lines
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380123.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry industry
    quality management
    automation in foundry
    application of information technology
    modelling of production systems
    simulation of production systems
    work ergonomics
    przemysł odlewniczy
    zarządzanie jakością
    automatyzacja w odlewni
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    modelowanie systemów produkcyjnych
    symulacja systemów produkcyjnych
    ergonomia pracy
    Opis:
    The paper presents a practical example of improving quality and occupational safety on automated casting lines. Working conditions on the line of box moulding with horizontal mould split were analysed due to low degree of automation at the stage of cores or filters installation as well as spheroidizing mortar dosing. A simulation analysis was carried out, which was related to the grounds of introducing an automatic mortar dispenser to the mould. To carry out the research, a simulation model of a line in universal Arena software for modelling and simulation of manufacturing systems by Rockwell Software Inc. was created. A simulation experiment was carried out on a model in order to determine basic parameters of the working system. Organization and working conditions in other sections of the line were also analysed, paying particular attention to quality, ergonomics and occupational safety. Ergonomics analysis was carried out on manual cores installation workplace and filters installation workplace, and changes to these workplaces were suggested in order to eliminate actions being unnecessary and onerous for employees.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 69-72
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Implementation of Computer Platform for Foundries Cooperating in a Supply Chain
    Autorzy:
    Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
    Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
    Rojek, G.
    Regulski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382875.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    application of information technology
    foundry industry
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative materials
    multi-agent technology
    production support
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    przemysł odlewniczy
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    materiały innowacyjne
    wsparcie produkcji
    Opis:
    This article presents a practical solution in the form of implementation of agent-based platform for the management of contracts in a network of foundries. The described implementation is a continuation of earlier scientific work in the field of design and theoretical system specification for cooperating companies [1]. The implementation addresses key design assumptions - the system is implemented using multi-agent technology, which offers the possibility of decentralisation and distributed processing of specified contracts and tenders. The implemented system enables the joint management of orders for a network of small and medium-sized metallurgical plants, while providing them with greater competitiveness and the ability to carry out large procurements. The article presents the functional aspects of the system - the user interface and the principle of operation of individual agents that represent businesses seeking potential suppliers or recipients of services and products. Additionally, the system is equipped with a bi-directional agent translating standards based on ontologies, which aims to automate the decision-making process during tender specifications as a response to the request.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 111-116
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization methods for lot-sizing problem in an automated foundry
    Algorytmy planowania partii produkcyjnych w zautomatyzowanej odlewni
    Autorzy:
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    application of information technology to the foundry industry
    production planning
    lot-sizing problem
    planowanie produkcji
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    Opis:
    In the paper we studied a production planning problem in a mid-size foundry that provides tailor-made cast products in small lots for a large number of clients. Assuming that a production bottleneck is the furnace, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is proposed to determine the lot size of the items and the required alloys to be produced during each period of the finite planning horizon that is subdivided into smaller periods. As using an advanced commercial MIP solvers may be impractical for more complex and large problem instances, we proposed and compared a few computational intelligence heuristics i.e. tabu search, genetic algorithm and differential evolution. The examination showed that heuristic approaches can provide a good compromise between speed and quality of solutions and can be used in real-world production planning.
    W pracy przedstawiono problem planowania produkcji w odlewni średniej wielkości, która dostarcza odlewy na zamówienie dla dużej liczby klientów. W takim problemie konieczne jest określenie wielkości partii produkcyjnej oraz ilości i gatunku metalu w każdym okresie skończonego horyzontu planowania, który jest podzielony na mniejsze podokresy. Przy założeniu, że wąskim gardłem jest piec do topienia metalu, zaproponowano programowanie całkowitoliczbowe mieszane (Mixed-Integer Programming - MIP) jako model planowania i harmonogramowania produkcji w odlewni. Jako że użycie zaawansowanych komercyjnych solverów może być niepraktyczne dla złożonych problemów, zaproponowano i porównano trzy heurystyki inteligencji obliczeniowej tj. tabu search, algorytm genetyczny i ewolucja różnicowa. Eksperymenty obliczeniowe wykazały, że algorytmy heurystyczne zapewniają zadowalającą szybkość i jakość rozwiązań.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 863-866
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Production Scheduling for the Two Furnaces – One Casting Line System
    Autorzy:
    Stawowy, A.
    Duda, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heuristics
    application of information technology
    foundry industry
    scheduling
    production planning
    heurystyka
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznej
    przemysł odlewniczy
    planowanie
    planowanie produkcji
    Opis:
    The paper presents a production scheduling problem in a foundry equipped with two furnaces and one casting line, where the line is a bottleneck and furnaces, of the same capacity, work in parallel. The amount of produced castings may not exceed the capacity of the line and the furnaces, and their loads determine metal type from which the products are manufactured on the casting line. The purpose of planning is to create the processing order of metal production to prevent delays in the delivery of the ordered products to the customers. The problem is a mix of a lot-sizing and scheduling problems on two machines (the furnaces) run in parallel. The article gives a mathematical model that defines the optimization problem, and its relaxed version based on the concept of a rolling-horizon planning. The proposed approaches, i.e. commercial solver and Iterated Local Search (ILS) heuristic, were tested on a sample data and different problem sizes. The tests have shown that rolling horizon approach gives the best results for most problems, however, developed ILS algorithm gives better results for the largest problem instances with tight furnace capacity.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 1; 43-48
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Coordinated Production Planning and Scheduling Problem in a Foundry
    Autorzy:
    Stawowy, A.
    Duda, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381726.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry industry
    application of information technology
    production planning
    scheduling
    heuristics
    przemysł odlewniczy
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    planowanie produkcji
    planowanie skoordynowane
    Opis:
    In the paper, we present a coordinated production planning and scheduling problem for three major shops in a typical alloy casting foundry, i.e. a melting shop, molding shop with automatic line and a core shop. The castings, prepared from different metal, have different weight and different number of cores. Although core preparation does not required as strict coordination with molding plan as metal preparation in furnaces, some cores may have limited shelf life, depending on the material used, or at least it is usually not the best organizational practice to prepare them long in advance. Core shop have limited capacity, so the cores for castings that require multiple cores should be prepared earlier. We present a mixed integer programming model for the coordinated production planning and scheduling problem of the shops. Then we propose a simple Lagrangian relaxation heuristic and evolutionary based heuristic to solve the coordinated problem. The applicability of the proposed solution in industrial practice is verified on large instances of the problem with the data simulating actual production parameters in one of the medium size foundry.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 133-138
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Programowanie sterowników PLC metodą nauczania
    Teaching-in programmable logic controllers
    Autorzy:
    Więcławek, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381628.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    mechanizacja procesu odlewniczego
    automatyzacja procesu odlewniczego
    komputerowe wspomaganie
    produkcja odlewnicza
    sterownik PLC
    język programowania
    mechanization of foundry proces
    automation of foundry proces
    computer aiding
    casting production
    programmable logic controller
    programmable language
    Opis:
    Do automatyzacji procesów odlewniczych powszechnie stosowane są programowalne sterowniki logiczne PLC. Języki oraz znane metody programowania sterowników PLC sprawiają duże trudności przy implementacji rozwiązań dotyczących sterowania procedurami sekwencyjnymi. Dlatego podjęto prace nad opracowaniem metody, która umożliwiłaby łatwe programowanie procedur sekwencyjnych przez użytkowników nie będących automatykami. Efektem tych prac jest aplikacja opracowana dla sterowników Simatic S7-300, która umożliwia ich programowanie metodą stosowaną w robotyce – programowaniem poprzez nauczanie. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały możliwość stosowania tej metody do programowania dowolnych procedur sekwencyjnych o dowolnej liczbie kroków. Jedynym ograniczeniem jest rozmiar pamięci operacyjnej sterownika. Aplikację można też implementować w dowolnym sterowniku PLC, którego języki programowania są zgodne z normą IEC61131. Dalsze badania będą dotyczyły opracowania aplikacji umożliwiającej programowanie procedur sekwencyjnych, w których przejście do następnego kroku jest uzależnione od upływu zadanego czasu.
    In automation of foundry processes, commonly used are programmable logic controllers (PLC). Languages and known methods of programming the PLC controllers cause big difficulties at implementing solutions concerning control of sequential procedures. This is why undertaken were the works on developing a method that would facilitate programming sequential procedures by the users not being automatic specialists. These works resulted in an application developed for the controllers Simatic S7-300 written in the STL language that makes possible their programming with the method commonly used in robotics, i.e. by teaching-in. The carried-out examinations showed a possibility to use this method for programming any sequential procedures with any number of steps. The only restriction is size of operational memory of the controller. The application can be also implemented in any PLC controller whose programming language is compliant with the standard IEC 61131. Further research will be aimed at developing an application that would permit programming sequential procedures where transition to the following step is dependent on expiry of the preset time.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1 spec.; 189-192
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of Interval Arithmetic to Production Planning in a Foundry
    Autorzy:
    Duda, J.
    Stawowy, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382782.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry industry
    application of IT
    production planning
    scheduling
    uncertainty
    interval arithmetic
    przemysł odlewniczy
    zastosowanie IT
    planowanie produkcji
    harmonogram
    arytmetyka interwencyjna
    Opis:
    A novel approach for treating the uncertainty about the real levels of finished products during production planning and scheduling process is presented in the paper. Interval arithmetic is used to describe uncertainty concerning the production that was planned to cover potential defective products, but meets customer’s quality requirement and can be delivered as fully valuable products. Interval lot sizing and scheduling model to solve this problem is proposed, then a dedicated version of genetic algorithm that is able to deal with interval arithmetic is used to solve the test problems taken from a real world example described in the literature. The achieved results are compared with a standard approach in which no uncertainty about real production of valuable castings is considered. It has been shown that interval arithmetic can be a valuable method for modeling uncertainty, and proposed approach can provide more accurate information to the planners allowing them to take more tailored decisions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 41-44
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykonanie biżuterii metodą wytapianych modeli inspirowanej dawnymi wzorami
    Jewellery- Making Using Investment Lost Wax Casting Technology Inspired by Old Motifs
    Autorzy:
    Kwak, Z.
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Kolczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382026.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie
    produkcja odlewnicza
    badania nieniszczące
    szybkie prototypowanie
    odlewnictwo artystyczne
    computer support
    casting production
    nondestructive testing
    rapid prototyping
    art foundry
    Opis:
    Celem pracy było porównanie dawnych i współczesnych wyrobów złotniczych w oparciu o stosowane stopy i technologie. Wzorując się na dawnych zabytkach z wykorzystaniem tradycji i nowoczesnej technologii powstała odlewana biżuteria. Dawny twórca zajmujący się wyrobem ozdób musiał nie tylko dobrze opanować techniki złotnicze, w tym odlewnicze, ale także posiadać wiedzę o własnościach surowca. Istotna była podatność metalu do obróbki umożliwiającej podkreślenie dekoracyjnych i plastycznych walorów materiału. Dlatego też w produkcji ozdób częściej niż czyste metale stosowano ich stopy, które wykazywały lepsze właściwości technologiczne. Istotnym, zatem elementem pracy jest poznanie technologii tworzenia elementów złotniczych i porównanie ich z metodami wykorzystywanymi współcześnie a także wykonanie projektu własnej biżuterii i jego realizacja z wykorzystaniem tradycyjnej i nowoczesnej technologii wspomaganej komputerowo. Inspiracją oraz źródłem wiedzy stały się głównie zabytki pochodzące z wykopalisk Rynku Głównego, pozyskane przy współpracy Wydziału Odlewnictwa Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej z Zespołem Badań Rynku Głównego w Krakowie. Praca ma charakter badawczy i zarazem twórczy. Przedstawia autorskie prace projektowe, prowadzące do wykonania pierścienia przy wykorzystaniu tradycyjnych technologii odlewniczych, w tym metody traconego wosku. Wykonano analizy składu chemicznego metodą spektroskopii fluorescencji rentgenowskiej i obserwacje makroskopowe wybranych zabytkowych pierścionków ze stopów miedzi. Wzory, począwszy od XI wieku, a skończywszy na czasach współczesnych, stały się źródłem wiedzy o starym jubilerstwie oraz początkiem do stworzenia nowej kolekcji. W pracy opisano kolejno etapy wykonania formy ceramicznej opartej na spoiwie koloidalnym i wysokoogniotrwałej osnowie ceramicznej. Praca ta ma szanse stanowić nowe źródło informacji i inspiracji do badań z zakresu rzemiosła artystycznego.
    The research aimed at the comparison of the old and modern jewellery and goldsmith's articles, based on the alloys and technologies used. The jewellery was cast taking the historical artefacts as models, using the old traditions and technologies. The jewellery manufacturer of old, not only had to master the jewellery-making technologies including casting, but also he had to have the knowledge concerning his raw material. An important aspect of it were the metal working properties showing off the decorative and plastic scope of the material. That is why, for ornament production, alloys were used more often than pure metals, because they had better technological properties. It is an important aspect of work then, to get to know the technology of creating gold elements and comparing them with the methods used nowadays, and also preparing our own jewellery project and implementing it, with the help of both traditional and computer-aided modern technology. The inspiration and knowledge came mainly from the historical artefacts coming from excavations at the Market Square in Krakow; the finds were obtained through the cooperation of the Foundry Faculty of AGH, the University of Science and Technology with the Research Team for The Main Market in Krakow. This is both research as well as a creative project. It presents original projects, leading to actual manufacturing of a ring, with the help of traditional foundry technologies, including the lost-wax casting method. The chemical content was analysed with the help of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and macroscopic observations of chosen rings made from copper alloys. Also macroscopic observations of other artefacts were conducted. Historical patterns of ornaments, starting form the 11th century up to the present times, have become the source material about the 'old' jewellery making and the starting point for creating a 'new' collection. The work describes consecutive stages of creating a ceramic mould, and it can become the source material for information and research concerning the artistic craftsmanship field.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3 spec.; 95-100
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Iterated Local Search for Foundry Lot-sizing and Scheduling Problem with Setup Costs
    Autorzy:
    Stawowy, A.
    Duda, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    scheduling problem
    production planning
    local search heuristics
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    szeregowanie zadań
    planowanie produkcji
    wyszukiwanie lokalne
    Opis:
    The paper presents a novel Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm to solve multi-item multi-family capacitated lot-sizing problem with setup costs independent of the family sequence. The model has a direct application to real production planning in foundry industry, where the goal is to create the batches of manufactured castings and the sequence of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to clients. We extended existing models by introducing minimal utilization of furnace capacity during preparing melted alloy. We developed simple and fast ILS algorithm with problem-specific operators that are responsible for the local search procedure. The computational experiments on ten instances of the problem showed that the presence of minimum furnace utilization constraint has great impact on economic and technological conditions of castings production. For all test instances the proposed heuristic is able to provide the results that are comparable to state-of-the art commercial solver.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 161-164
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Baza danych technologii w odlewniach żeliwa i staliwa z wykorzystaniem systemu SimulationDB
    Database of Technologies in Cast Iron and Steel Foundries Using SimulationDB System
    Autorzy:
    Malinowski, P.
    Suchy, J. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380162.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komputerowe wspomaganie
    produkcja odlewnicza
    zarządzanie jakością odlewów
    technologiczna baza wiedzy
    zarządzanie odlewnią
    computer support
    casting production
    casting quality management
    knowledge database
    foundry management
    Opis:
    Dotychczasowy sposób przechowywania danych technologicznych w postaci zdjęć, animacji, wykresów, zestawów parametrów, wyników symulacji, danych produkcyjnych umieszczonych w określonej strukturze katalogów uniemożliwia przetwarzanie i powtórne wykorzystanie tych informacji. Rosnąca w szybkim tempie liczba wykonywanych symulacji w branży odlewniczej powoduje generowanie bardzo dużej ilości cyfrowych danych liczonych w terabajtach, które należy odpowiednio przetworzyć i zinterpretować – natychmiast reagując na powstałe nieprawidłowości podczas procesu zalewania i/lub krzepnięcia odlewu. Mogą to jedynie wykonać wysoko wyspecjalizowani inżynierowie-eksperci. Ich wiedza, doświadczenie praktyczne i umiejętność posługiwania się nowatorskimi narzędziami inżynierskimi, wspomagającymi różne etapy przygotowania produkcji decyduje o szybkości przygotowania technologii przy zachowaniu parametrów jakościowych i wytrzymałościowych. Umiejętnie spisana wiedza praktyczna, opis postępowania technologa, wyniki symulacji oraz cały proces produkcji odlewniczej zawarte w technologicznej bazie wiedzy SimulationDB tworzą niezbędne narzędzie nowoczesnego technologa. Wykorzystanie wiedzy technologicznej zawartej w systemie SimulationDB umożliwia szybsze opracowanie technologii, skuteczne rozwiązywanie problemów technologicznych, szkolenie kadry specjalistów, co w efekcie tworzy dodatkową wartość dodaną.
    The method used so far for storing technological data – i.e. images, animations, charts, sets of parameters, simulation results and production data contained in a defined directory structure makes processing and re-using this information basically impossible. The number of simulations carried out in the casting industry is growing very rapidly. This generates terabytes of digital data that need to be processed and interpreted properly, as irregularities arising during the process of pouring and/or solidification of the casting have to be addressed immediately. Only highly-specialized engineers/experts can perform these tasks. Their knowledge, experience and ability to use innovative engineering tools, that support various stages of the production preparation process, are crucial factors determining how fast a technology can be developed in compliance with the given quality and strength parameters. An appropriate record of practical knowledge, technologists’ guidance, simulation results, as well as the entire process of casting production, that are included in the technological knowledge base SimulationDB, provide for an essential tool of a modern technologist. The use of technological knowledge provided by the SimulationDB system allows for faster development of technologies, effective problem-solving in technological processes, and training of specialists. As a result, this all creates additional added value.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3 spec.; 117-122
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Costs analysis of iron casts manufacturing
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382760.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    system transportowy
    analiza kosztów
    ergonomia pracy
    stanowisko pracy
    information technology
    foundry industry
    transport system
    costs analysis
    work ergonomics
    workstations
    production systems rationalisation
    Opis:
    The article presents the issues of costs analysis of iron casts manufacturing using automated foundry lines. Particular attention was paid to departmental costs, conversion costs and costs of in-plant transport. After the Pareto analysis had been carried out, it was possible to set the model area of the process and focus on improving activities related to finishing of a chosen group of casts. In order to eliminate losses, the activities realised in this domain were divided into activities with added value, activities with partially added value and activities without added value. To streamline the production flow, it was proposed to change the location of workstations related to grinding, control and machining of casts. Within the process of constant improvement of manufacturing processes, the aspect of work ergonomics at a workstation was taken into account. As a result of the undertaken actions, some activities without added value were eliminated, efficiency was increased and prime costs of manufacturing casts with regard to finishing treatment were lowered.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 45-48
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Overview of activities on the internet devoted to casting technology
    Autorzy:
    Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
    Regulski, K.
    Dziaduś-Rudnicka, J.
    Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382912.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    komponent wiedzy
    proces produkcyjny
    odlewnictwo
    metalurgia
    media społecznościowe
    wyszukiwanie internetowe
    odlewnictwo metali
    technologia odlewnicza
    knowledge components
    production process
    foundry
    metallurgy
    social media
    searching on internet
    metal casting
    casting technology
    Opis:
    Article present various forms of transfer of information available on the Internet. An attempt was made to show the possibility of such a selection of the knowledge sources that, taking into account user preferences, would arouse his interest, showing in parallel the intended substantive content. This commitment is shown in the context of the current assumptions of building a platform dedicated to support the needs of production processes in foundry and metallurgy.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 245-250
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Logistics of materials flow in an iron foundry
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379740.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    information technology
    foundry industry
    transport system
    logistics
    material flow
    work ergonomics
    production system
    rationalisation
    technologia informacyjna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    system transportowy
    logistyka
    przepływ materiału
    ergonomia pracy
    system produkcji
    racjonalizacja
    Opis:
    The article presents issues related to creating and realizing added value by logistic processes and processing in a casting enterprise. It discusses possibilities of improving systems of casts production by evaluating labour intensity of casts manufacture and analyzing manufacturing prime costs. Operations with added value, processes indirectly creating added value and operations without added value have been specified. The problem was presented on the example of materials flow design in a foundry, where casts are manufactured in expendable moulds and using automated foundry lines. On the basis of the Pareto analysis, a group of casts was specified whose manufacture significantly influences the functioning of the whole enterprise. Finishing treatment operations have been particularly underlined, as they are performed away from the line and are among the most labour-consuming processes during casts production.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 55-58
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling and Optimization of Organization of Workplaces in a Foundry
    Autorzy:
    Kukla, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380728.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    application of information technology
    foundry industry
    automation in foundries
    robotics in foundries
    equipment effectiveness
    modelling of production systems
    simulation of production systems
    work ergonomics
    zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
    przemysł odlewniczy
    automatyzacja odlewni
    robotyka w odlewniach
    skuteczność urządzeń
    modelowanie systemów produkcyjnych
    symulacja systemów produkcyjnych
    ergonomia pracy
    Opis:
    The paper presents a practical example of improvement of foundry production systems in terms of post-finishing of nodular iron castings produced in the conditions of bulk production for automotive industry. The attention was paid to high labour-intensive efforts, which are difficult to be subjected to mechanization and automation. The times of actions related to grinding processing of castings in three grinding positions connected with a belt conveyor were estimated with the use of a time study method. A bottleneck as well as limiting factors were specified in a system. A number of improvements were proposed, aimed at improving work organization on the castings post-finishing line. An analysis of work ergonomics at the workplace was made in order to eliminate unnecessary and onerous for the employee actions. A model of production system using the Arena software, on which a simulation experiment was conducted, was drawn up in order to visualize the analysed phenomena. The effects of the project were shown on graphs comparing times, costs, work ergonomics and overall efficiency of production equipment indicator.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 3; 55-58
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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