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Tytuł:
Genetic structure of Picea abies populations growing on extreme sites as revealed by isoenzyme markers: a case study from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Autorzy:
Ballian, D
Bogunic, F.
Bozic, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
plant population
genetic structure
extreme site
isoenzyme marker
genetic variation
gene polymorphism
forest tree
Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
forest community
Sphagno-Piceetum community
Opis:
Three populations of Norway spruce from ecologically extreme environments in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were examined for genetic polymorphism. The spruces there grow in specific forest communities (Sphagno-Piceetum) which represent the remnants of the post-glacial vegetation. The aim of the study was to search for similarities in the genetic variation among populations adapted to such conditions. In total, 10 isoenzyme systems involving 16 gene loci were analysed. The results showed differences in genetic differentiation at loci Got-B, Skdh-A and 6-Pgdh-C between the two Slovenian populations and the Bosnian population, but also indicated an interestingly close relationship between the Slovenian population Pohorje and the Bosnian population Nišići.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Provenance contribution to genetic composition of progeny from outbreeding seed orchard of Picea abies
Autorzy:
Chalupka, W
Misiorny, A.
Rozkowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
provenance
progeny
genetic composition
cone yield
seed production
seed orchard
Opis:
The abundant flowering, observed in 2004 in a model outbreeding seed orchard established in Kórnik, Poland, promoted crossing between clones of five geographically distant populations of Norway spruce. The clones were selected from a group of ca. 1100 provenances participating in the international IUFRO 1964/68 experiment and performing best in terms of growth traits and adaptability. In the seed orchard, 91.3% of clones and 64.1% of grafts produced female and/or male strobili. Statistically significant differences between the clones were only found in the number of mature cones produced. The mean number of mature cones in individual clones was also significantly correlated with the latitude of the place of origin of maternal populations (r = 0.88, p = 0.047). The nearly equal percentages of clones representing each of the five populations in the outbreeding seed orchard (from 23.2 to 17.5%) resulted finally in the highly unequal production of full seeds by each population (from 62.9 to 0.7%). These data provide evidence to suggest that the level of genetic diversity in the progeny, expected from the number of growing clones, diverges from the level resulting from the contribution of clones to the full seed production which is an effective measure of the genetic composition of progeny. To avoid this divergence, an outbreeding seed orchard could be established with unequal proportions of clones from different provenances, considering the knowledge of their flowering phenology, and individual variation in flowering and cone production.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategy for long-term breeding of Picea abies in Lithuania: short overview
Autorzy:
Danusevicius, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
long-term breeding
Lithuania
breeding strategy
future strategy
breeding programme
gene conservation
Opis:
This paper presents the newly suggested long-term breeding strategy for Norway spruce in Lithuania to share with the optimisation approach, which may be useful in synchronising the long-term breeding and gene conservation plans in neighbouring regions. The breeding programme in Lithuania is at a stage where the long-term plans need to be developed. Our strategy is to proceed with a closed-nucleus breeding population which is structured into subpopulations according to adaptation zones (4-5 subpopulations). The size of each subpopulation is 50 unrelated and progeny-tested individuals. The breeding cycle consists of double- pair mating and a balanced within-family selection forward. The candidates will be clone-tested. Advanced genotypes will be selected into an advanced nucleus; an isolated foreign breeding population is planned. Positive assortative mating is used for deployment. An experimental "shuttle-breeding" strategy may be tested: selection with avery high intensity, controlled crosses, nursery tests for vigour and growth rhythm, cloning by hedges into short-rotation clonal plantations.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gene conservation and breeding programmes for Picea abies in Lithuania: present-day achievements
Autorzy:
Danusevicius, J
Gabrilavicius, R.
Danusevicius, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
breeding programme
Lithuania
gene conservation
genetic resource
provenance
plant population
Opis:
At present, Norway spruce stands occupy 22% of the total forest area in Lithuania. Most of them are located in the northeastern highland (Žemaitija) and the central part of the country. 25% of the spruce-dominated stands are pure, the rest are mixed. Natural calamities like storms, droughts, and pests cause substantial damage and occur quite frequently. About 40 thousand ha of stands are cut after each storm. The mean wood yield of the spruce stands is 304 m3 ha-1, and the current annual increment is 6.2 m3 ha-1. The climatic conditions of Lithuania are variable enough to cause differentiation of habitats. For Norway spruce, 6 provenance regions have been established. The national gene conservation programme is based on (a) in situ genetic reserves, seed collection stands, and selected genotypes, and (b) ex situ clonal archives, seed orchards, experimental plantations, and gene bank collections. The present-day breeding of Norway spruce comprises family tests of populations for individual and population selection, and plans for inter-population hybrids. A strategy for Norway spruce breeding has been approved for the years 2004-2013. There is a genetically diverse material for future breeding: long-distance provenance tests, and population and family tests. Assessments of two provenance tests (aged 9 and 17 years) in central Lithuania revealed superior performance of central and northeastern Polish provenances: superior height, good stem quality, and late bud-burst in spring. This may be attributed to the favourable effect of transfer: avoidance of spring frosts (late bud-burst and good stem quality), and utilisation of the later part of the growing period for growth (late bud-set and superior height). Norway spruce is a climax species with different domestic and Darwinian fitness. Therefore, we suggest that the domestic fitness of local genotypes may be improved by introducing a few Polish clones in Lithuanian breeding populations.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of Poland in IUFRO studies on Picea abies
Autorzy:
Giertych, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
provenance test
Polska
research
International Union of Forest Research Organisations
IUFRO zob.International Union of Forest Research Organisations
Opis:
The paper outlines the history of international provenance experiments on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conducted in Poland, starting from the first attempt at establishing trials in 1938, which was interrupted by the war. The most important experiments so far have been the IUFRO 1964/68 and IUFRO1972 Inventory Provenance Tests with Norway Spruce.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current state of Picea abies stands in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Autorzy:
Guz, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
environmental function
forest type
composition
productivity
Carpathians Mountains
Ukraine
Opis:
The paper provides a detailed characterisation of Norway spruce stands in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The majority of natural spruce stands in Ukraine occur in Polesie, while artificial regeneration is spread all over the country. The most densely forested part of Ukraine is the Carpathian region with 41.1% of forest-covered area (2.1 million ha). Spruce-dominated stands occupy about 700 thousand hectares (30%) of the forested area of the state forest fund in the Ukrainian Carpathians, and another 10% of the mixed forests contain 10 to 30% of spruce. Besides pure spruce stands, there are beech-spruce, beech-fir-spruce, and cedar-spruce stands. The most productive stands (750-900m3 stem wood per ha) grow in the middle and lower parts of slopes at 1100-1200 m a.s.l. which have favourable soil and climate conditions. Since the second half of the 20th century, spruce stands in the substantial part of the Ukrainian Carpathians have declined under the influence of complex anthropogenic and natural factors. Although the present condition of most spruce forests in this region remains satisfactory, the degradation processes and the ban imposed in 2006 on planting spruce on non-spruce forest sites (in state forests) may decrease their area in the longer term.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Breeding programmes of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Hynek, V
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Czech Republic
forest tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
breeding programme
altitudinal vegetation zone
Opis:
In the Czech Republic, Norway spruce has a natural representation in all forest altitudinal vegetation zones, in some of which (FAVZ 1, 2 and 9), however, it is scarce. The three basic climatic ecotypes of spruce identified in the Czech territory, i.e. an upland ecotype, a higher elevation ecotype and a mountain ecotype, can be characterised on the basis of the forest altitudinal vegetation zones of their origin. The paper presents the breeding work completed so far and all the breeding programmes implemented for Norway spruce, including projects worked out for the Krkonoše National Park.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2004, 51 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic variation of Picea abies in southern Germany as determined using isozyme and STS markers
Autorzy:
Konnert, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
genetic variation
Germany
isoenzyme
Bavaria
DNA marker
plant genetics
provenance
Opis:
Over 50 populations of Norway spruce from Bavaria were analysed at 23 isozyme gene loci. The mean genetic distances between these populations were quite small. A geographical grouping could not be observed, and discrimination between provenances from high and low altitudes was not identifiable using this marker type, either. The only difference between spruce populations from South Bavaria and those from Northeast Bavaria is in the presence of some distinct rare alleles. The highest values for the genetic diversity were detected for spruce stands in Northeast Bavaria (Frankonian Forest). Using STS markers, further genes of the nuclear genome of Picea abies can be dealt with. The genetic differences found on the basis of ten STS markers between different Picea abies seed lots and/or seedling populations are generally 2-3 times greater than those found by means of isozyme gene markers. DNA markers turned out to be an appropriate and substantial addition or even more a suitable alternative to isozyme markers for analysing genetic variation and testing provenance identity. Their advantages consist in a markedly wider variation as well as in the enlarged genome segments investigated.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intra-population variability of Picea abies from Zwierzyniec Lubelski and Blizyn (Poland)
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, J
Markiewicz, P.
Matras, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
intrapopulation variability
family variation
heritability
plant population
Zwierzyniec Lubelski region
Blizyn region
Kutno Forest District
Polska
Opis:
The study investigates the intra-population variability of the growth and quality traits of Norway spruce populations from Bliżyn and Zwierzyniec Lubelski. The two populations are included in the IUFRO 1972 experiment and exhibit a high growth dynamics and a narrow crown form. The research was carried out on the experimental plot established in 1996 in Chrosno (Kutno Forest District) using 8228 two-year-old seedlings planted in a single-tree plot design at a spacing of 1.5 × 1.5 m. The seedlings represent 191 open-pollinated families, among them 93 families of Norway spruce from the Bliżyn region and 98 families from the Zwierzyniec Lubelski region. The height, height increment and DBH of trees were measured periodically, and some quality traits were assessed. The last results come from the measurements done on the trees aged 10 years. It was found that the differences between the two populations of Norway spruce are statistically nonsignificant but both of them show wide within-population variability. This suggests that they have the potential to flexibly respond to future changes in the growth conditions or to seed transfer to other seed zones. Survival in the environmental conditions of the experiment was independent of family.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki 35-letniego doświadczenia proweniencyjnego z sosną zwyczajną z serii IUFRO 1982 na powierzchniach w Wyszkowie i Sękocinie
Result of the 35 years provenance experiment with Scots pine from the IUFRO 1982 series on the trials in Wyszkow and Sekocin
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, J.
Wojda, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
doswiadczenia proweniencyjne
IUFRO
provenace variability
iufro 1982 trail
forest tree breeding
Opis:
Scots pine is the main forest tree species in Poland. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations at two common−garden sites of the IUFRO 1982 provenance experimental series after 35 years of growth. The sites managed by the Forest Research Institute are located in Wyszków and Sękocin (central Poland). Populations show great diversity in the productivity and stem straightness depending on the geographical origin. The character of variability confirms the results obtained on other experimental plots established within the IUFRO 1982 series. In terms of growth, populations such as: Pornóapáti, Ardennes, Haguenau, Neuhaus as well as Miłomłyn, Rychtal and Bolewice are the best. Populations from the south of Europe grow in Polish conditions very poorly and have a low survival rate. Some of the well−growing populations (Ardennes, Pornóapáti and Haguenau) probably comes from selected stands or seed orchard. Stabilization of ranging for the best and worst populations can be observed after 15 years of growth (fig. 1). It follows that in growing experiments, conclusions about the breeding value can be drawn after 15 years. Polish populations such as Miłomłyn, Rychtal and Bolewice are growing very well and can be the basis for further selection work. Obtained results can be used for future breeding, forest genetic resources conservation and also for the other research like dendrochronology and better estimation of the seed transfer rules of forest reproductive material.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 07; 584-589
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plantacje nasienne drzew leśnych w Polsce
Seed orchards in Poland
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Jan
Rzońca, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
plantacje nasienne
hodowla selekcyjna drzew leśnych
zysk genetyczny
bioróżnorodność
klasyfikacja plantacji nasiennych
seed orchards
forest tree breeding
genetic gain
biodiversity
classification of seed orchards
Opis:
Polish forests have multiple functions, from the provision of spaces for leisure and recreation and conservation of nature and biodiversity to the creation of wealth and employment and the production of natural resources and raw materials for industry and bioenergy production. This multi-functionality creates conflicts between different uses and stakeholders. As the durability of wood use is inextricably linked to tree breeding, the basic tool for accomplishing these tasks is breeding programmes for forest trees, and one of the important elements in tree breeding activities is the seed orchards. In this review article, we present the state of the art of seed orchards in Poland and their grouping according to importance in forest management. We include historical facts regarding the creation of the idea of seed orchards and its implementation in forest breeding practice. When we manage seed orchards, on the one hand, we care about genetic variability, and on the other hand, we aim for genetic gain. Seed orchards are effective and economically viable for their role in forestry. According to economic studies, the increase in seedling production costs in connection with the use of seeds from seed orchards, does not exceed 3%. According to the authors, seed orchards are the most rational and least ecologically risky way to improve forest production.
Lasy zagospodarowane przez leśników są miejscem wypoczynku, pełnią rozliczne funkcje ochronne i społeczne, lecz są również źródłem produkcji drewna i innych użytków. Zapewnienie trwałości użytkowania drewna jest powiązane nierozerwalnie z rozpoznaniem i ulepszaniem wartości genetycznej i hodowlanej drzew leśnych oraz z jakością wytwarzanego i użytkowanego surowca drzewnego. Podstawowym narzędziem realizacji tych zadań jest hodowla selekcyjna drzew leśnych, a jednym z kluczowych ogniw łańcucha prac selekcyjnych są plantacje nasienne. W przeglądowym artykule zaprezentowano stan plantacji nasiennych w Polsce i ich grupowanie według znaczenia dla gospodarki leśnej. Prezentujemy fakty historyczne dotyczące powstania idei plantacji i jej realizacji w leśnej praktyce hodowlanej. Gospodarując na plantacjach z jednej strony dbamy o zmienność genetyczną, a z drugiej strony staramy się uzyskać jak największy zysk genetyczny. Są one efektywne i ekonomicznie opłacalne, w porównaniu do tego, jakie zadanie mają do wypełnienia w leśnictwie. Jak wynika z analiz ekonomicznych zwiększenie kosztów produkcji sadzonek, w związku z użyciem nasion z plantacji nasiennych, nie przekracza 3%. Zdaniem autorów plantacje nasienne są najbardziej racjonalną i najmniej ekologicznie wątpliwą drogą do poprawy produkcji leśnej.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2018, 16, 3; 53-61
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of provenance transfer on the growth and survival of Picea abies provenances
Autorzy:
Krajmerova, D
Longauer, R.
Pacalaj, M.
Gomory, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
provenance experiment
global warming
adaptation
growth
survival
Opis:
Two provenance experiments with Norway spruce in Slovakia were used to reveal trends in the behaviour of provenances after their transfer. Regressions between the average height and survival of provenances and the differences between the geographic and selected climatic characteristics of the place of origin and provenance plots were significant for most of the characteristics tested. Data from the experiment with Polish and Slovak provenances from 1972 indicated that transfer into warmer regions with a longer vegetation period results in improved height growth and survival, with the exception of survival at initial stages. The experiment from 1964 with a broader altitudinal range of provenance plots, but with unadjusted latest measurements at individual plots available, revealed the best height growth of Slovak Norway spruce provenances after their transfer to sites with the mean annual temperature approximately 1°C higher and with the vegetation period 12 days longer than at places of origin. Transfer into lower altitudes, a warmer climate and a longer vegetation period improved survival. In both experiments, transfer to areas with increased rainfall had a negative effect on growth, which is probably associated with the fact that provenances are not able to exploit additional precipitation for the growth in areas with a colder climate and a shorter vegetation period.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybór elitarnych drzew matecznych sosny zwyczajnej i modrzewia europejskiego do założenia plantacji nasiennych 1,5 generacji
Selection of elite plus trees of Scots pine and European larch for the establishment of 1.5 generation seed orchards
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, A.
Kowalczyk, J.
Litkowiec, M.
Urbaniak, L.
Rzońca, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
plantacje nasienne
zakladanie plantacji
wybor drzew matecznych
drzewa elitarne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
modrzew europejski
Larix decidua
seed orchards
genetic gain
forest tree breeding
Opis:
Forest tree breeding is principally concerned with the improvement of growth, wood quality and vitality of tree species of economic interest. In Poland, breeding programs started in the second half of the twentieth century with the choice of plus trees to establish seed orchards. At present, seed orchards are a predominant source for the production of genetically improved seeds of conifers. In our country, Scots pine is the main forest tree, occupying almost 80% of the forest area. Annually, about 30,000 hectares of pines are artificially planted, with only a few percent of seeds coming from seed orchards. European larch is an important admixture tree species of economic significance in some areas, such as the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Unlike Scots pine, as much as 60% of larch seeds used for artificial regeneration comes from seed orchards. There are 179 seed orchards in Poland, occupying area of 1140 ha, including 48 Scots pine and 30 European larch ones of 384 ha and 207 ha, respectively. All of them are only first generation and were established with vegetative propagules of plus trees selected in wild stands for their outstanding phenotype. Based on the results from the evaluation of plus trees in progeny trials, we selected 40 Scots pine and 40 European larch elite trees to establish 1.5−generation seed orchards. The selected trees were also characterized for their level of genetic variation with the use of nuclear microsatellite loci. We found that the examined trees have a high level of genetic variation. The mean number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity were 12.4 and 11.9, and 0.752 and 0.806, for Scots pine and European larch respectively. The calculated parameters are comparable to that observed in the populations of these species in Poland and other European countries. Established genetic profiles will be used in the future for controlling and monitoring the identity of elite trees in the process of creating archives of clones and seed plantations of next generation.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 917-926
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Picea abies breeding in Sweden is based on clone testing
Autorzy:
Lindgren, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
Sweden
clone testing
rooted cutting
seed orchard
long-term breeding
Opis:
In the last decades, clone testing has become an important component of the long-term breeding and seed orchards for Norway spruce in Sweden. For more than three decades, considerable resources have been spent on testing clones intended for clonal forestry, but the Swedish forestry never saw it worth to pay the added cost involved in the added gain. The efforts, however, resulted in many clone trials and developments in the technique for clone production and propagation. Theoretically, clone testing is faster and cheaper than progeny testing and more reliable than selecting individuals forwards. Nowadays, the main line in long-term breeding is to make crosses between the best trees and test-cloned full-sibs as a recruitment population for long-term breeding and seed orchards. Since controlled crosses are a bottleneck for long-term breeding, a possibility is to rely on wind pollination (Breeding Without Breeding; BWB) in trials for testing clones. The seed parent is known, and that the pollen parent is a desirable genotype can be checked by molecular markers. BWB has the potential to eliminate the waiting time between selection and recombination, which is particularly important in a late and irregularly flowering species such as Norway spruce. Clone testing ensures that the breeding values are known from the same tests as those used for BWB. Another option for BWB is to place in seed orchards a few ramets of clones belonging to the breeding population, but normally not deserving such a use, with the hope that their presence will make it possible to rely on wind pollination to recombine the whole breeding population.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sustainability of Picea abies of Istebna provenance in Dupniański Stream catchment as dependent on stand age class
Autorzy:
Malek, S
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
sustainability
provenance
Dupnianski Stream catchment
stand age class
Silesian Beskids Mountains
Polska
Opis:
Ecochemical indexes such as soil buffer reaction (pH), acid neutralising capacity (ANCaq), alkalinity (ALK), soil acidity (Ma%), basic cation saturation (BS), and molar ratios Ca:Al and BC:Al were used to study the sustainability of Norway spruce of Istebna provenance in stands differing in age class. The data were obtained from the research conducted in the Dupniański Stream catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. (Poland). The acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and soil acidity were found to depend on the age of spruce stands. The increased acidification of deposits was due to the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions which were washed out from the surface of plants. Passing through the canopy caused a decrease in the acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and base cation saturation, and an increase in the soil acidity, with the values being dependent on stand age. The soil acid reaction shifted to the range of the aluminium and iron bufferness, but the Ca:Al and BC:Al ratios were still above the level when aluminium stress is probable. The washout of the basic cations beyond the spruce root system, and the low levels of exchangeable Mg2+ and Ca2+, basic cation saturation of soil water, and effective base saturation of soil may affect the vitality and health of spruce stands in the future. To maintain the sustainability of Norway spruce stands of Istebna provenance in the Dupniański Stream catchment it is necessary to increase the retention of basic elements, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+, by means of stand conversion or fertilisation.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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