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    Tytuł:
    Challenges facing forest production value addition and implication on economic development
    Autorzy:
    Oke, Razaq Ajibola
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076684.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Forest Economics
    Forest products
    Marketability
    Value Addition
    Opis:
    There is need for forest policies to include value addition in the production and marketing of timber forest products, TFPs and non-timber forest products, as well as NTFPs to promote forest activities and to improve the livelihood of both rural and urban people and further enhance the trade and marketability of these products. Processing of forest products is imperative to their marketability. This review identifies the challenges facing forest products production and their implications on the economy. It draws upon different case studies from around the world. The paper concludes that value addition will go a long way in enhancing its acceptability.
    Źródło:
    World News of Natural Sciences; 2019, 25; 130-140
    2543-5426
    Pojawia się w:
    World News of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A comparison of prediction efficiency for timber prices in Poland in times of economic crisis with the application of the linear approximation method and brown’s exponential smoothing model
    Autorzy:
    Górna, Aleksandra
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2067432.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    forest economics
    market
    price
    prediction
    raw wood
    Opis:
    An analysis was made of two prediction methods: the Linear Approximation Method (LAM) and Brown’s Exponential Smoothing Model (BESM). These two methods were investigated and compared in terms of their efficiency in timber price prediction. Models and price predictions were prepared based on three time series (5-, 7- and 9-year) for three years: 2015, 2016 and 2017. The analyses were conducted using data on mean annual timber prices from the period 2006-2017. This meant that the time series included the years of the 2007-2008 economic crisis. Prediction efficiency was evaluated by comparing the results obtained with actual timber prices in the years 2015-2017. It was found that the predictions generated by LAM were better than those produced by BESM. The smallest relative and absolute errors of prediction were obtained applying the linear function: Υt^ = 5.277t + 161.70. This function was constructed based on a 5-year time series. Absolute error amounted to 1.59 PLN (€0.35). Relative error was below 1%. The results of this work suggest that further studies are desirable to investigate the applicability of trend analysis to the prediction of timber prices with the inclusion of analyses of nonlinear trends. The present results of timber price modelling may provide a basis to search for a homogeneous model of timber price prediction adapted to specific conditions of timber sales.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2021, 64, 208; 135--147
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The application of trend estimation model in predicting the average selling price of timber
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, Krzysztof
    Górna, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010868.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    wood economics
    forest economics
    price forecast
    prediction methods
    trend estimation model
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the possibility of adopting trend estimation model to predict the average selling price of timber (CGUS). The study used information about the average selling prices of timber in chosen periods (2006-2017). The data concerning the actual CGUS was used to create a trend estimation model. The models and CGUS predictions were conducted based on three different time series encompassing 5-year periods. The predicted (CGUS) trend estimation in particular years was requested based on extrapolation, which exceeded the accepted set of information used in the study to create a trend estimation model. On the basis of the conducted study it was ascertained that the method of modeling linear trend estimation should be adopted in the price prediction process. The error assessment with which the linear function formulas are burdened, it was noticed that the value of the coefficient of residual variation was between 4.40% and 7.82%. It was also noticed that the linear modeling of CGUS trend estimation, despite unfavorable values of coefficient of determination and convergence, to some extent, can be viewed as an assistance tool in the decisionmaking process in the scope of predicting the height of the analyzed price. This view was supported by the achieved predictions which were verified with the actual prices of timber. The price difference between the actual and the predicted one was between -1.59 PLN to 2.27 PLN, and in relative terms the predictive error was between 0.83 to 1.15%. In our opinion the presented research process can constitute a reference point as a comparative element to verify the results for other, new price prediction models. The process of modeling timber prices should be extended by other predicators which are connected with forest market chain.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 63, 206; 147-159
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ typu siedliskowego lasu na koszty odnowienia lasu
    Impact of the forest habitat type on the costs of reforestation
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979299.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    material cost
    intangible cost
    forest habitat
    forest economics
    reforestation
    cash flow
    Opis:
    The article is a continuation of research on the relationship between forest habitat type and economic aspects of forest management. It assesses the impact of forest habitat types on reforestation costs. As a part of the implementation of the assumed work objectives, economic activities related to afforestation were identified. The research was carried out using the passive experiment method. The research was of registration and observational character. During the acquisition of the necessary data, there was no interference in the forestry work. The costs were analysed in three categories: total costs, tangible costs and intangible costs. Research conducted on the basis of source data obtained from 629 forest plots with a total area of 1100 ha. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the type of forest habitat significantly differentiated all the analyzed costs of reforestation. The forest habitat type differentiated material costs (48%) to a greater extent than intangible costs (43%). In addition, reforestation of deciduous forests has been proven to generate higher forest renewal costs than coniferous forest habitats. The costs of forest regeneration in forest habitats were higher than the costs incurred in coniferous habitats. Information on differences in forest management costs in relation to forest habitats can be used in further research on the forest management support system. The presented research contributes to the development of work on building economic models of the stands. These models must take into account not only the general economic aspects, but also the natural aspects of the forest that affect financial flows related to forest management.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 531-538
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena wpływu wybranych zabiegów hodowlanych i typów siedliskowych lasu na koszt pozyskania surowca drzewnego w czyszczeniach i trzebieżach
    Evaluating the impact of silvicultural treatments and forest habitat type on the cost of timber harvest in cleanings and thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Gostołek, R.
    Jaszczak, R.
    Szczypa, P.
    Szramka, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    zabiegi hodowlane
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    koszty
    trzebieze
    czyszczenia pozne
    forest economics
    forest habitat type
    costs
    silviculture
    Opis:
    Integrating the economic aspects of forest management (cost) with ecological elements of timber production (habitat type) significantly contributes to a better understanding of forest growth and utilisation. The type of silvicultural treatments and forest habitat types determine number of economic activities carried out in the stands and have an important impact on the associated costs. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of silviculture treatments and types of forest habitat on unit timber harvesting cost. We summarised the cost of timber logging depending on the harvest practices and types of habitats. In total, costs of treatments performed on the 2.5 thousand ha area were analysed. Obtained results were combined in relation to average unit costs of raw timber logging from individual habitats and silviculture treatments such as late cleanings and thinnings. The studied impact was assessed with standard deviation (SD) based on the assumption that the higher its value, the more important role of silvicultural treatments and forest habitats in defining the cost of raw timber harvesting. Our study showed that both factors (type of forest habitat and silvicultural treatment) had an effect on variability of timber logging costs. Comparing deciduous and coniferous habitats, higher costs were reported for the latter one. The highest unit cost of timber logging was found on the fresh coniferous habitat, while the lowest on the wet mixed forest. Moreover, the highest cost was reported for timber raw material harvested from late cleanings and the lowest from late thinnings. SD of the average cost of timber harvest ranged from 12.67 to 13.53 PLN depending on the silviculture treatments and from 0.68 to 2.39 PLN depending on the forest type. Our findings are important preliminary steps in broader study regarding revenues generated from forest stands growing on different habitats. Eventually it would help in assessing the profitability of economic activity that depends on environmental conditions of forest management.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 12; 993-1001
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ wad drewna wielkowymiarowego na przychody z jego sprzedaży
    Effect of defects on income from the sales of large dimension timber
    Autorzy:
    Szramka, H.
    Bieniaszewski, T.
    Auguścik, L.
    Bobek, J.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekonomika lesnictwa
    surowce drzewne
    obnizenie jakosci
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    wady drewna
    drewno
    sprzedaz
    przychody
    Nadlesnictwo Zaporowo
    forest stands
    health
    timber
    wood defects
    forest economics
    Opis:
    Harvested timber has many various wood defects. Analyses were carried out on material collected in Zaporowo Forest District (northern Poland). Results show that various defects were found in 35% of harvested timber on average. The share of timber with defects varied among individual species (pine – 44%, spruce – 22%, oak – 14%, birch – 9%, beech – 5%, lime and larch – 2% each, hornbeam and alder – 1% each). The individual wood defects appeared in harvested timber with following frequency: knots – 55%, knobs – 22%, foreign bodies – 7%, curvature – 5%, inner rot – 5%, galls – 2%, blue stain – 1%, insect holes – 1%, false heartwood – 1%, and cracks – 1%. Timber defects resulted in reduction of income from the sales. A decrease in income caused by various defects amounted from 0.07 PLN/m3 for brown sap stain to 68.83 PLN/m3 for knots. The greatest effect of wood defects on the reduction of income from sales was recorded for oak timber (518.30 PLN/m3), while the smallest for aspen (4.63 PLN/m3). Due to the fact that in almost all analysed tree species the dominant effect on the reduction of income from timber sales was caused by knots (open knots and knobs) systematic solutions need to be found in order to reduce the effect of this defect. It is particularly important in the case of oak timber, where a decrease in income from timber sales connected with this defect was the greatest.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 03; 238-246
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kierunki modyfikacji statusu Lasów Państwowych w Polsce
    Trends in modification of the status of the State Forests in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Szramka, H.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989041.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    status organizacyjno-prawny
    zarzadzanie
    kierunki zmian
    forest economics
    legal status
    organisation
    changes trend
    Opis:
    Over the last years, criticism of the State Forests policy has been becoming more and more frequent in the press. For that reason it is very important to inspire changes in the State Forests organisation system that will result in its adaptation to the changing requirements of the social market economy. From the economic point of view one of the most important problem is that the State Forests is an economic organisation without legal personality. This fact facilitates unjust criticism of this entity that leads to restriction in its economic activity and eventually decreases maximum gains from its resources. We present trends of changes from status quo across legitimate company to joint stock union and the budget unit. It is proposed to confer legal personality on the forest economic units so they become legitimate companies. Moreover it is also suggested to use the State Forests profits as evaluation criteria of its economic activity. The generated profits should be sufficient to protect owner (i.e. the state) interests and is intended to implement them to achieve important social and economic features. In addition, a new motivation system based on the incomes considering the interest of the state, company and the employers should be developed. In order to reduce conflicts that arise from limited ability to use environmental and social functions, efforts should be made to precisely determine leading functions of chosen forest areas. The main goal of the proposed legal and organizational reform of the State Forests is to create conditions to generate higher legal revenues from various from of forest activity and allocate them for implementation of non−economic forest functions. This would make possible to achieve greater social acceptance of actions made by the franchise.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 05; 355-364
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ typu siedliskowego lasu na przychody uzyskiwane w ramach wczesnych i późnych trzebieży pozytywnych
    Influence of the forest habitat type on the income from the early and late positive thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Gostołek, R.
    Rutkowska, A.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986630.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    trzebieze
    trzebiez pozytywna
    trzebiez wczesna
    trzebiez pozna
    przychody
    sprzedaz drewna
    thinnings for positive selection
    income
    forest economics
    Opis:
    Environment creating and general social cost−consuming factors are of the utmost importance to realize the multifunctional forest management. As a result, in some forest districts, one notes a disproportionate relationship between the costs and incomes. It can determine the level of the achieved profitability and influence the availability of the financial resources. One of the crucial elements of the realization of the forest management is the constant control of the cash flow (income and costs). Because of the specification of the forest management, the flows are determined by the economic as well as ecological factors. This is the reason of exploring of the influence of forest habitat types on the sales income reached as part of the early and late thinning for positive selection. The income from the sales of 100,798 m3 woody raw material acquired from 3,628 ha was analyzed. Forest habitat type significantly influenced the income taken from the sale of woody raw material that was reached as the part of analyzed tending (V=44%). It was proved that forest habitat type in case of early thinning for positive selection had higher all−important influence on the income acquired from the sale of wood than in case of late thinning for positive selection, which was determined as the middle influence (V=56 and 24%, respectively).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 179-188
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena wykorzystania mierników księgowych do badania rentowności Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe
    Assessing the usefulness of accounting measures for examining profitability of the State Forests National Forest Holding
    Autorzy:
    Ankudo-Jankowska, A.
    Glura, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1294001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekonomika lesnictwa
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    rentownosc
    ksiegowosc
    mierniki
    rentownosc majatku
    rentownosc kapitalu wlasnego
    rentownosc sprzedazy
    lata 2008-2012
    forest economics
    ratio analysis
    profitability ratios
    Opis:
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the profitability of the State Forests by using accounting measures and to determine their practical applicability for evaluating the State Forests’ activities covering the years 2008 – 2012. In our assessment, we used the ratios: return on assets, return on equity and return on sales, which were calculated for the four following levels of financial result: operating result and economic activity result, gross profit and net profit. The degree of variability of the analyzed ratios was determined for the years 2008–2012. On the basis of our survey, the State Forests’ activities were found to be profitable. The ratios return on assets, sales and equity show only slight variation depending on the applied category of financial results. Furthermore, this study confirms that there is a high degree of variation over time. In the years 2008–2012, the profitability ranged from 2% to 13% with the highest profit having been reached in 2011. We conclude that for the State Forests’ activity assessment, the profitability ratios established for the category of operating results will be of great significance.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2016, 77, 2
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can payments for ecosystem services contribute to sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon?
    Autorzy:
    Seehusen, S.E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38733.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    forest ecosystem service
    sustainable development
    Brazil
    Amazon River
    ecological economics
    Opis:
    The Brazilian Amazon supplies the world with several forests ecosystem services, many of which are essential to sustain human life on earth. Nevertheless, the Amazon is threatened by deforestation and degradation implying in reductions on the provision of these. According to economic theory, as ecosystem services are positive externalities and public goods, agents do not take into consideration the costs and benefits of their consumption and production of ecosystem services into their economic decisions. To address this problem payment for ecosystem services – PES – emerged, aiming to provide a source of income to the poor people living in forest areas, stimulating them not to deforest, and making agents who are indebted with the nature pay for their overconsumption of ecosystem services. There is still controversy about possible impacts of the instrument. This article accesses the potentials of PES to contribute to sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon using the three goals related to sustainable development proposed by the ecological economics theory: efficient allocation, fair distribution, and sustainable scale. The study shows that PES as a pure market approach is unlikely to solve neither the scale nor the distribution problems. Therefore, for PES to achieve sustainable development, markets for ecosystem services should first be constrained by a maximum sustainable scale. Then, measures should ensure fair distribution in second place. Only after these questions have been tackled, it is desirable that agents interact in the ecosystem services markets to lead to an efficient allocation of resources.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2009, 51, 1
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Predykcja cen surowca drzewnego na podstawie siedmioletniego modelu tendencji rozwojowej
    Forecasting prices of timber raw material based on a seven-year development trend model
    Autorzy:
    Górna, A.
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979018.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    rynek drzewny
    surowce drzewne
    ceny
    prognozy cen
    modele liniowe
    leśnictwo
    wood market
    prediction
    price of wood
    forest marketing
    linear model
    forestry economics
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the possibility of using a seven−year development trend model to forecast the average price of wood sales (CGUS). Price models and forecasts were made on the basis of three different time series covering 7−year periods. The forecast of timber prices in individual years was developed on the basis of extrapolation going beyond the set of information adopted for research used to build the development trend model. We found that the size of the indicators of determination of the analyzed functions ranged from 0.5 to 0.6, and the convergence rates from 0.5 to 0.4. This means that the linear functions were characterized by poor adjustment to real prices. Despite this, the timber price forecasts differed from the empirical prices from PLN 1.81 to 13.91. In relative categories, the forecast error was in the range from 0.92 to 7.28%. Therefore, in our opinion, the research process presented can be a reference point as a comparative element to verify forecast results for other (non−linear) price forecasting models. The process of modeling timber raw material prices should be extended to other predictors related to the forest marketing chain. The predicted results from these models cannot be worse than those obtained by forecasting using linear functions
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 206-215
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cenowa elastyczność popytu na drewno na pierwotnym lokalnym rynku drzewnym w Polsce
    Price elasticity of demand for timber on primary local wood market in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekonomika i organizacja
    drewno
    drewno sosnowe
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    popyt
    ceny
    elastycznosc popytu
    rynek drzewny
    rynek lokalny
    Polska
    economics of forestry
    forest management
    timber trade
    timber market
    Opis:
    The paper presents an analysis of price elasticity of large−sized timber on the primary local wood market. It was found that both price and volume of harvested assortments were changing. In the analysed period price elasticity of demand for individual assortments was periodically elastic and non−elastic.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 02; 130-138
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena tempa zmian kosztów produkcji drewna "przy pniu" i cen surowca drzewnego w latach 2001-2009 na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Zielonej Górze
    Evaluating variation in logged timber costs and raw timber prices during the period, 2001-2009, for the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Gora
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Kaciunka, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1316105.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    produkcja lesna przy pniu
    produkcja drewna
    koszty produkcji
    drewno
    sortymenty drewna
    ceny
    zmiany cen
    RDLP Zielona Gora
    forest management
    economics
    marketing
    prices
    costs
    rate of growth
    Opis:
    The rate of change in the cost of logged timber and prices of raw timber during the period, 2001-2009, was examined for the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra. A logarithmic evaluation of average rate of change indicated that the rate of increase in timber harvest costs was higher than the rate of increase in the average price of raw timber and likewise the price of most log grades. The average increase in raw timber value was 2.51% annually. The price of low-diameter raw timber (slash) increased 8.61%, and the price of large-diameter timber increased 1.94% annually, while the price of large coniferous segments increased 1.75% and broadleaf segments increased 2.98% annually. At the same time, the timber logging costs increased more than the timber price, to 4.17%, or 4.19% when administrative costs related to timber logging are included.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 1; 55-60
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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