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Tytuł:
Effect of mineral matter content on specific density of forest biomass
Wpływ zawartości substancji mineralnych na gęstość właściwą biomasy pochodzenia leśnego
Autorzy:
Nurek, T.
Roman, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
mineral content
forest biomass
biomass
specific density
ash content
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture; 2014, 64 Agric.Forest Eng.
0208-5712
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating forest biomass by remote sensing RADAR data in Brazil
Autorzy:
Santos, J.R.
Gama, F.F.
da Conceicao Bispo, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
forest biomass
biomass modelling
forest inventory
tropical forest
remote sensing
eucalyptus tree
stand
RADAR data
Brazil
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of wood chippings fractions utilized for energy purposes
Analiza składu frakcyjnego zrębków leśnych przeznaczonych na cele energetyczne
Autorzy:
Gendek, A.
Zychowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950818.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
forest biomass
biomass
biofuel
energy
wood chipping
fraction
energy purpose
bundle
Opis:
The realized research was aimed at determining the water content, size and fractions of wood chippings obtained using different technologies. Average absolute water content of the tested wood chippings was between 43-90% and may serve as a basis for financial settlements between the suppliers and the power companies. The obtained fraction distribution results enable conclusion that regardless of the material type the largest fraction is the one with particles of 6-32 mm. The best quality of wood chippings are obtained from round wood and they meet the requirements of the PN-91/D-95009 norm for fuel wood chips. The chippings produced in woodland areas from forest cutting refuse do not meet the above-mentioned requirements and contain about 30% of contaminants and trees remaining in the forest cutting area after clearing with thin branches with needles. In order to achieve better composition, wood chip-pings from forest clearing waste should be mixed in appropriate proportion with wood chippings from cutting round wood.
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wilgotności, wielkości i rozkładu frakcji zrębków leśnych pozyskiwanych w różnych technologiach z przeznaczeniem do produkcji energii w dużych zakładach energetycznych. Zrębki produkowane były zarówno z drewna okrągłego, jak i pozostałości zrębowych różnych gatunków drzew leśnych. Zrębkowanie prowadzono rębarką mobilną bezpośrednio na powierzchni leśnej oraz rębarką stacjonarną na placu u producenta. Otrzymane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że niezależnie od rodzaju materiału największy udział ma frakcja wielkości cząstek w zakresie 6-32 mm. Najlepsze jakościowo zrębki otrzymuje się z drewna okrągłego, które spełniają wymagania norm na zrębki opałowe. Zrębki wytwarzane na powierzchni leśnej z pozostałości zrębowych nie spełniają wymagań PN-91/D-95009 i zawierają około 30% udział zanieczyszczeń i niedorębów z cienkich gałązek z igliwiem. Średnia wilgotność bezwzględna badanych zrębków zawierała się w przedziale 43-90% i jest związana z rodzajem sortymentów z których powstają zrębki. Wysoki stopień wilgotności zrębków będzie wpływał na ciepło spalania i wartość opałową, które to wielkości mogą być podstawą do rozliczeń między dostawcą a zakładem energetycznym.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture; 2015, 65 Agric.Forest Eng.
0208-5712
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimates and forecasts of forest biomass and carbon sequestration in North America and Australia: a forty-five year quest
Autorzy:
Botkin, D.B.
Ngugi, M.R.
Doley, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
estimation
forecast
forest biomass
forest modelling
forest inventory
biomass inventory
model validation
carbon sequestration
North America
Australia
Opis:
A half-century of forest inventory research involving statistically-valid fieldmeasurements (using statistically representative sample size and showing confidence limits) and well-validated forecasting methods are reviewed in this paper. Some current procedures overestimate global and large-scale forest biomass, carbonstorage, and carbon sequestering rates because they are based on statistically-invalid methods (errors in estimates are unavailable and unreported), or they fail to consider key dynamic characteristics of forests. It is sometimes assumed that old-growth forests can serve as fixed, steady-state storage of biomass and carbon for indefinitely long periods, but it is shown by both modelling and remote sensing that forests are dynamic systems, the state of which can change considerably over as shorta time as a decade. Forecasting methods show that maximum biomass and carbon storage in some important forest types occurs in mid-succession, not in old-growth. It is proposed, therefore, that realistic biomass and carbon storage estimates used for carbon credits and offsets be determined as the statistical mean minus the confidence interval and that practical carbon sequestering programs include specific timeframes, not indefinitely long periods of time.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forest biomass for bioenergy: opportunities and constraints for good governance. A case study from Italy
Autorzy:
Maesano, M.
Drigo, R.
Lasserre, B.
Chirici, G.
Marchetti, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
forest biomass
bioenergy
biomass estimation
climate change
greenhouse gas
governance
WISDOM methodology
Italy
Opis:
Interest in the use of biomass for energy has increased significantly in the last few years. The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights the influence mankind has had on the climate: an unprecedented increase in GHG levels in the last 800,000 years and a rise of 40% in CO2 concentrations since pre-industrial times. The challenge now is to find energy alternatives, and in this context, one important option is bioenergy, one of the most important energy sourcesof the future. In light of this, the goal of this paper was to assess the sustainable potential of woodfuel resources in Italy using WISDOM methodology. WISDOM, developed by the FAO, has been applied in many countries around the world. From this study, at national level, household consumption was at 19.3 Mt in 2003 (averagevalue), while the potential supply of woody biomass (productivity) was 24.9 Mt(average value), with a surplus of almost 6 million tons between household consumption and productivity. This study represents an advance in knowledge of the biomass potential for energy use in Italy, and, as such, is subject to possible future improvement. Forest bioenergy development creates good opportunities to mobilize the production potential of European forests, and to contribute to a more climate-friendly, bio-based economy.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział oraz dokładność szacowania pozostałości zrębowych w ogólnej masie pozyskanego drewna
Share and accuracy of estimation of logging residues in the total volume of harvested timber
Autorzy:
Gendek, A.
Wężyk, P.
Moskalik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
pozyskiwanie drewna
pozostalosci zrebowe
miazszosc
biomasa drzewna
szacowanie biomasy
timber harvesting
forest biomass
logging residues
estimation
Opis:
Due to the observed impacts of climate change on the natural environment, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing, especially in the last decades. One of the possibilities in this respect is the use of forest biomass, especially that one which comes from logging residues. This type of wood raw material is obtained primarily in mature forests and during late thinnings. Estimation of the expected volume of logging residues from a particular cutting site is currently carried out in the State Forests, National Forest Holding with an accuracy oscillating at an acceptable level of ±40%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the share of logging residues in the total volume of the harvested biomass and to determine the difference and error between the estimated volume to be sold and actually harvested. The research was carried out at the 164 logging sites located in 10 forest districts of north−eastern part of Poland. The average volume of logging residues was 37.7 ±14.4 m3/ha, and the average error of their estimation was –6.1%.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 679-687
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilans energetyczny oraz czasochłonność wybranych elementów w łańcuchu technologicznym pozyskiwania biomasy leśnej
Energy balance and time-consumption of selected components in technological chain of forest biomass harvesting
Autorzy:
Gałęzia, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
biomasa lesna
zrebki drzewne
pozyskiwanie biomasy
transport
lancuch technologiczny
bilans energetyczny
czasochlonnosc
forest biomass
chips
energy
Opis:
The purpose of the research performed in the Augustowska Primeval Forest (NE Poland) was to estimate the energy spent on preparation and transportation of energetic biomass in form of chips made of final felling residues and comparing it with an energetic output received at the power plant in nearby Białystok. Data was collected in form of working's day activity study on 18 clear−cut areas during 67 hours of research. Research proved that currently used methods of harvesting, processing and transportation of forest biomass in form of chips are highly efficient from point of view of energy balance. However, this efficiency can even be raised by localizing of felling sites closer to the power plant. In such case, energy spent on chipping would probably be the most significant input.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 06; 419-424
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ technologii pozyskania i składu zrębków leśnych na ich wartość opałową i zawartość popiołu
Effect of harvest method and composition of wood chips on their caloric value and ash content
Autorzy:
Gendek, A.
Malatak, J.
Velebil, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
biomasa lesna
zrebki drzewne
pozyskiwanie biomasy
skladowanie
wartosc opalowa
zawartosc popiolu
forest biomass
forest residues
composition of chips
share of ash
forest chips
Opis:
Wood chips composition and abundance of the impurities affecting the ash content are parameter of the chips quality that is important for the power plants. These parameters may be used as criteria in settlements between the supplier and the chipmaker. The determination of calorific value, ash content and share of individual elements in forest chips was undertaken. The wood chips obtained from the fragmentation of sawmill wastes and forest trees residues with various species compositions (Scots pine, multi−species and bundled Norway spruce residues) were investigated. The linear relationship between the ash content and the calorific value of the chips was determined. In all cases, the largest share (over 87%) in the composition of forest chips is assigned to the clean timber and wood particles with bark. The share of mineral impurities is within the range of 0.6−1.6%. The ash content in wood particles ranges 1.04−3.94% and is close to the values reported in the literature. In terms of ash content, the chips produced from bundled coniferous residues were the worst. The obtained results indicate that the best technology for obtaining high calorific value of dry wood chips (17.89−18.11 MJ/kg) with a low proportion of ash is the chipping of wood residues collected directly from the forest surface or from previously prepared piles. The least advantageous technology is the bundling of residues and their storage for several months (16.29 MJ/kg).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 248-257
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mixed biomass as an alternative energy fuel
Mieszanki biomasowe jako alternatywne paliwo energetyczne
Autorzy:
Purgał, P.
Pasternak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401988.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
Tematy:
forest biomass
pomace fruit
vegetable waste
testing combustion heat
moisture study
biomasa leśna
wytłoki owocowe
odpady warzywne
badanie ciepła spalania
badanie wilgotności
Opis:
The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is applicable in the production of electricity and heat. The main fuel is wood in the form of fragmented wood, edgings, whirlpools, wood chips, sawdust, briquettes and pellets. This publication refers to the use of waste processing aspect of the food industry, as well as ready biofuel component in mixtures with sawdust. Tests of moisture content in analytical aspect of combustion heat were conducted. Analysis of the results shows that the energy potential of waste plant is possible to use in the combustion process, thus reducing wood consumption in the power generation sector.
Źródło:
Structure and Environment; 2016, 8, 4; 266-272
2081-1500
Pojawia się w:
Structure and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grzyby ektomykoryzowe w obiegu węgla w ekosystemach leśnych
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems
Autorzy:
Kałucka, I.
Jagodziński, A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
ekosystemy lesne
obieg wegla
materia organiczna
gleby
grzyby ektomikoryzowe
biomasa lesna
carbon sequestration
carbon flux
organic matter
soil carbon
npp
ecm fungi
mycorrhiza
forest biomass
Opis:
In boreal and temperate forests fungi play a particularly important role, since most trees form a symbiotic relationship with many species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, providing them with assimilates in exchange for minerals. Mycorrhiza is considered one of the most significant factors affecting functioning of forest ecosystems, and in particular the processes of carbon cycling and storage. ECM fungi are involved both directly through carbon accumulation in the mycelial system, and indirectly through their influence on tree biomass production and organic matter decomposition. The amount of carbon transferred to ECM fungi usually varies from 10 to 25 or even 50% of the host's net photosynthesis, thus they are a group of organisms that significantly affect carbon flow into the soil. Most of that carbon is built into the mycelial system and its structures (fungal parts of ECM roots, extramatrical hyphae and rhizomorphs, sporocarps, etc.). Carbon allocation to the underground part of trees, and thus to ECM roots, changes with stand age and stand development phase. The biomass of active ECM roots and mycelium usually reaches its maximum in young stands, in the canopy closure phase; frequently, this is also true for the standing biomass of fruit bodies. A large share of ECM sporocarps in the forest carbon budget and high levels of ECM vegetative mycelium respiration are considered to be among the main pathways for the release of CO&sub2. from forest soil, indicating a significant role of ECM fungi in fast carbon flow via forest ecosystems. On the other hand, dead ECM fine roots and extramatrical mycelia are a very rich and important pool of sequestered carbon in the soil.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 11; 817-830
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane technologiczne i ekonomiczne aspekty balotowania pozostałości pozrębowych
Some technological and economic aspects of logging residues bundling
Autorzy:
Moskalik, T.
Sadowski, J.
Zastocki, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
biomasa lesna
pozostalosci zrebowe
balotowanie odpadow
aspekty technologiczne
aspekty ekonomiczne
produkcja balotow
koszty produkcji
wydajnosc pracy
bundling
slash
forest biomass
renewable energy
work and cost−efficiency
Opis:
As the access to the fossil fuels is limited, renewable energy sources have been especially intensively promoted in recent years, namely biomass. A comparatively large amount of biomass can be obtained from forests. This refers to round wood characterized by low technical quality, small−sized wood, and logging residues. Under Polish conditions, the potential amount of logging residues is estimated at 3−5 Mio. m³ per year, depending on different scenarios of their ulitization. Intense development of technologies for energy acquisition from the forest biomass has provided conditions facilitating the use of logging residues on an industrial scale. One of the possible solutions is bundling. In this process slash is compacted into cylindrical log−like units with diameter of ca. 65−75 cm and length of 2.5−3.0 m. The bundles can be forwarded to the roadside landing with standard forwarders and transported to the terminal or end−user with trucks utilized, first of all, by a round wood hauling. The John Deere slash bundler 1490D was the subject of the study. The basic unit of the bundling device was an eight−wheel forwarder. The study area was located in north−eastern Poland and comprised 10 selected plots. They represent coniferous stands, dominated by Scots pine with various fraction of Norway spruce and scattered birches. The aim of the paper was to estimate the basic technological and economic parameters of the bundling machine, working in clear cuts with two variants of logging residues concentration. In the first variant they were not especially accumulated, evenly distributed over the area. In the other one they were gathered into piles. The structure of a working day, work productivity rates, and the costs were determined. The bundler productivity rate depends largely on the extent the slash is prepared. When it is concentrated in piles, the machine does not have to travel over the entire work area to gather scattered material. In this case, the average productivity was 21.85 bundles/h. In the variant with scattered logging residues, work efficiency equaled 15.19 bundles/h. The hourly cost of the bundler use reached 289.42 PLN. The unit costs were at the level of 52.91 PLN/m³ (variant 1) and 38.54 PLN/m³ (variant 2).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 01; 31-39
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tree species diversity and above-ground biomass of natural temperate forest: montane versus lowland forest
Autorzy:
Gazda, A.
Miscicki, S.
Chwistek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
tree
plant species
species diversity
aboveground biomass
temperate forest
mountain forest
lowland forest
species richness
Opis:
We studied the relationship between tree-species diversity and the above-ground biomass on an example of two natural Polish forest with different altitiudinal range, plant species pool, vegetation and climatic conditions. The study sought to determine whether: (1) above-ground biomass in natural forests correlates with tree-species diversity irrespective of the kind of forest (montane or lowland), and (2) the relationship in question is negative, (3) the above-ground biomass is greater in montane forests than in lowland ones. Natural forests present in 1º Polish Gorce Mountains (montane forest) alongside comparable data for the 2º world-renowned lowland forest that is present in the Białowieża National Park. Data were collected within 558 sample plots (á 200-square-metre). The diameter at breast height of all trees with girths of or exceeding 12 cm was measured. To compute above-ground biomass we calculated dry masses for each tree on the basis of values for dbh and height, next we summed these values for all species present within each plot. The number of tree species on a plot ranged from only one (mainly in spruce stands) to six (in mixed deciduous lowland forest stands). The above-ground accumulated biomass ranged from 6 to 1155 (average 251±13) t ha–1 within the lowland forest, and from 2 to 849 (average 242±8) t ha–1 within the montane forest. We concluded that there was a humped-back shaped relationship between tree-species diversity and above-ground biomass in both lowland and montane natural forests.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2015, 73
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution of Hampangen Education Forest Central in Kalimantan to Climate Change Mitigation – An Above Ground Biomass Assessment
Autorzy:
Afentina
Yanarita
Indrayanti, Lies
Pidjath, Chartina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
climate change
aboveground biomass
Hampangen education forest
Central Kalimantan
Opis:
Hampangen Education Forest (HEF) has great potential in terms of carbon stock, biodiversity, and contribution to the local community’s livelihood. In the future, it is planned to develop its role in climate change mitigation; thus, valid and updated information regarding climate regulation services are required. The purpose of this study was to assess the above ground biomass (AGB) at different canopy densities of swamp secondary forest in (HEF) and estimated the total AGB stored in this area. The research was carried out from April 2022 until July 2022. The data collected included tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree total height, the weight of litter, and understorey vegetation. All the information was collected using two types of observation plots (400 m2 and 0.25 m2) and AGB was calculated using allometric equations. This research found that the average AGB at sparse, medium, and dense canopy cover was 70.46 Mg.ha-1, 80.94 Mg.ha-1, and 145.03 Mg.ha-1, respectively. The total AGB stored in HEF was 367,180.08 Mg (tonnes) and equivalent to above-ground carbon stock of 172,574.64 Mg carbon. The finding of this research suggests that HEF needs conservation strategies to improve its carbon stock and conserve biodiversity.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 1; 97--106
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola lasów w polityce klimatycznej
The role of forests in climate change policy
Autorzy:
Gwiazdowicz, Mirosław
Kowalczewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
forests
LULUCF
REDD+
deforestation
reforestation
forest management
biomass
CO2
Opis:
This article describes the role of forests in climate change policy. It examines the inclusion of the forestry sector into the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, focusing mainly on two concepts currently being developed in international debates: LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). In addition to providing an overview and analysis of these concepts, the article also outlines their potential consequences for forests in Poland and reviews the EU actions to include the forestry sector into European climate policy. Finally, some issues related to forest use for carbon offsetting and energy generation are discussed as well.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2012, 1(29); 55-83
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura biomasy podszytu występującego w drzewostanach Puszczy Niepołomickiej
Autorzy:
Orzeł, S.
Socha, J.
Forgiel, M.
Ochał, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
sklad gatunkowy
lasy
Puszcza Niepolomicka
lesnictwo
biomasa
podszyt
undergrowth
biomass
niepołomicka forest
Opis:
The study has demonstrated that the undergrowth layer in the stands of the Niepołomicka Forest is diversified in respect to the number of species and their spatial distribution highly variable. The main species that occur in the undergrowth is alder buckthorn found on 53.4% of the experimental plots. Its biomass amounting to 0.961 t·ha–1 represents 43.9% of the biomass of the undergrowth layer. The biomass structure is described by the one−arm curve.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 04; 40-47
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 38

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