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Tytuł:
Demand for scientific methods of detecting crimes and criminals, i.e. the beginnings of forensic science in the structures of the Polish State Police
Autorzy:
Zubańska, Magdalena
Zubański, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
forensic science
forensic trail
forensic expertise
forensic laboratory
Opis:
The history of forensic science (from Latin criminalis, concerning a crime) is inextricably linked to the history of law enforcement agencies. This science grew out of the needs of the law and serves its implementation to this day. Its interest is focused on the crime in concreto. As an independent scientific discipline, it developed only at the end of the 19th century and was connected with the date of publication of the work Handbuch fur Untersuchungsrichter, Polizeibeamte, Gendarmen u.s.w. by the Austrian investigating judge H. Gross in 1893. Its author noticed the correctness (very accurate) that every achievement in the field of natural sciences and technical sciences can serve the purpose of combating crime. W. Sobolewski is considered a precursor of Polish forensic science. In September 1919 he joined the State Police and started working as an inspection officer. Then he became the commander of the Main Police School and Officer School in Warsaw. In 1929 he was sent to Vienna for a forensic course. Then W. Sobolewski headed the Police Laboratory at the Headquarters of the Investigation Service in Warsaw, and since 1931 the Department of Investigation Technology, in which, at the request of the court, police authorities and military institutions, forensic expert opinions were carried out, including dactyloscopic, weapons and handwriting. They were of great evidential importance for the courts. It continues to be so today. Beginning in the interwar period, the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police is a research institute recognized in Poland and abroad, which carries out tasks in the field of technical and criminal protection of the process of preventing and combating crime, among others, by performing research and implementation, comparative and expert work in the field of forensic science.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2019, Special Issue; 59-69
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of criminalistics and forensic sciences at ensuring the population security
Autorzy:
Porada, Viktor
Straus, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
criminalistics
forensic science
security
biomechanics
Opis:
In paper there are well-ordered given present directions of development forensic biomechanics. The author carried out the analysis of 100 expert opinions performed since 1994 in professional field “Criminalist, subject field forensic biomechanics” in cases that were concluded by court authority. According to analysis of needs of practice and expert investigations the author gives real prediction of further directions of research in forensic biomechanics. Forensic biomechanics invokes in investigation process, particularly violent criminal acts; by expert investigation it may come to conclusion on mechanisms of criminal act, action of extrinsic force and expression to consequences of this extrinsic force. Directions of development of forensic biomechanics are given by author in following applications - biomechanics of fall from high, judgment of extreme dynamic burden of organism, biomechanical analysis of fall from stand on a ground or fall from stairs, biomechanical analysis of walk and analysis of conflict combat. These directions represent 90% of all processed expert opinion.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2014, 11(11); 106-114
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modern technologies in forensic science
Autorzy:
Jerzy, Gąsiorowski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-17
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Forensic science
innovations
forensic traces
identification
forensic expertise
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present issues connected with introduction of innovative tactical and technical solutions which have an impact on the improvement of process and forensic activities conducted in criminal proceedings by investigating authorities of the Police. These innovations pertain to activities performed during forensic examination of the scene of the event. They also pertain to the work of team of experts at the scenes of the event (of specific character, e.g. crises, catastrophes, etc.) as well as to expert examination conducted in forensic laboratories. The paper also presents most recent organizational and technical solutions in forensic (both tactics and technique) aspect of conducted activities that affect detective process.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 21; 73-114
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forensic Aspects of Juvenile Crime in Poland. From a Juvenile to a Criminal — The Road to Demoralisation
Autorzy:
Bembas, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
criminal acts
juvenile delinquency
forensic science
Opis:
The article refers to the forensic aspects of juvenile delinquency in Poland, and at the same time, is an attempt to draw attention to the problem of juvenile delinquency, because in the activities of state authorities aimed at preventing or reducing the number of criminal acts, attention is focused primarily on adults who commit crimes. It is important to highlight the problem and to draw attention to juvenile delinquency, as static data show a decrease in juvenile delinquency. This decreasing trend of the number of offences committed by juveniles is only illusory as, after taking into account the decrease in the number of people born, juvenile delinquency shows an upward trend. The article presents the most common determinants of juvenile delinquency, and then, on the basis of these determinants, proposes preventive actions, indicating the areas in which the undertakings of state authorities aimed at reducing juvenile delinquency should be concentrated.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2020, 12(1); 113-123
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Użyteczność identyfikacyjna sierści psa (Canis lupus familiaris) i kota (Felis catus) na podstawie wybranych cech budowy morfologicznej w aspekcie badań kryminalistycznych
Identification value of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and cat (Felis catus) hair based on selected features of morphology in the context of forensic examinations
Autorzy:
Karczmarczyk, Sebastian
Gryzińska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Policji
Tematy:
sierść
morfologia
kryminalistyka
hair
morphology
forensic science
Opis:
Teoretyczne założenia tematu pracy przedstawiają zakres wybranych cech morfologicznych sierści psa (Canis lupus familiaris) i kota (Felis catus). W ramach części praktycznej dokonano analizy morfologicznej 270 próbek sierści psa i kota zabezpieczonych podczas śledztwa prowadzonego na terytorium Krakowa przez miejscową prokuraturę. W tym celu sporządzono preparaty mikroskopowe i za pomocą mikroskopu optycznego analizowano je pod kątem: barwy, fazy cyklu życiowego, kształtu rdzenia oraz zakończenia. Analiza wyników z części badawczej pozwala odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy analiza mikroskopowa sierści psa i kota oparta na wybranych cechach morfologicznych umożliwia jej identyfikację gatunkową.
Theoretical assumptions of this the work present the range of selected morphological features of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and cat (Felis catus) hair. The practical part consisted in morphological analysis of 270 samples of dog and cat hair recovered during an investigation conducted in the territory of Cracow by the local Prosecutor’s Office. For this purpose, microscopic slides were made and analysed under an optical microscope for: colour, life cycle phase, shape of the medulla and the end of hair. Analysis of the results from the part dedicated to the examination allows answering the question whether microscopic analysis of dog and cat hairs based on selected morphological features allows identification of species.
Źródło:
Problemy Kryminalistyki; 2019, 306; 21-32
0552-2153
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Kryminalistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parasites in Forensic Science: a historic perspective
Autorzy:
Cardoso, Rita
Alves, Helena
Richter, Joachim
Botelho, Monica C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
Forensic Science
parasites
human disease
human history
Opis:
Parasites show a great potential to Forensic Science. Forensic Science is the application of any science and methodology to the legal system. The forensic scientist collects and analyses the physical evidence and produce a report of the results to the court. A parasite is an organism that lives at the expense of another and they exist in any ecosystem. Parasites are the cause of many important diseases. The forensic scientists can use the parasites to identify a crime scene, to determine the murder weapon or simply identify an individual. The applications for parasites in the Forensic Science can be many and more studies should be made in Forensic Parasitology. The most important parasites in Forensic Science are helminths specifically schistosomes. Through history there are many cases where schistosomes were described in autopsies and it was related to the cause of death. Here we review the applications of parasites in Forensic Science and its importance to the forensic scientist.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2017, 63, 4; 235-241
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of age by mental foramen using CBCT in central India
Autorzy:
Bose, Sourav
Sur, Jaideep
Khan, Fatima
Dewangan, Deeplaxmi
Paul, Sushmita
Sawriya, Ekta
Roul, Ayesha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27317669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
cone-beam computed tomography
forensic science
mental foramina
Opis:
Introduction and aim. This study aims to estimate the age of a population in Central India by analyzing the mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The objectives of the study are to determine the parameters for age determination and study bilateral variations in mental foramen dimensions using CBCT. Material and methods. One hundred and twenty CBCT scans, HD LED monitor, GALAXIS GALLIEOS viewer. Results. Results from the study show significant values for various parameters such as the upper and lower borders of the mandible and mental foramen. Bilateral variations were also observed. The age regression model indicates a significant correlation between estimated and original ages for individuals aged between 31 to 50 years. While the study only analyzed five parameters of the mental foramen, it suggests that a more comprehensive assessment of mental foramen parameters with a larger sample size can yield more definitive results for age determination. Conclusion. As only five parameters of mental foramen had been assessed in this retrospective study, so a comprehensive assessment of various other parameters of mental foramen with an increased sample size may be done for more definitive results for gender and age determination.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 3; 500-505
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cooperation of psychology and criminology in investigative activities
Autorzy:
Sapiński, Aleksander
Kuliński, Mariusz
Pindel, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
forensic science
artificial intelligence
investigative psychology
criminal psychology
Opis:
Forensic science and psychology are two interdisciplinary fields of study that often work together to effectively investigate crimes (Goc&Gruca 2020). Criminal psychology studies the behavior of criminals, their motivations and psychological profiles. Criminal psychologists help to determine who could be suspected of committing a crime, based on behavior and other characteristics that are related to the crime (Widacki 2018). These psychologists can conduct psychological examinations of suspects, victims or witnesses to determine their role in the incident and increase the chances of a successful investigation. Forensic work includes laboratory tests, the use of modern technologies and tools, as well as data analysis. Forensic science plays an important role in the prevention of crime and in the justice process (Szydłowski 2016), helping to identify and prosecute the perpetrators of crimes and to ensure the safety of society. Collaboration between forensics and psychology can help identify suspects based on behavior and characteristics and use scientific evidence to conduct successful investigations. In the case of crimes involving people with mental disorders, criminal psychology can help to understand their behavior and assess the risk of recidivism (Czudek&Szydłowski 2022). In this way, cooperation between forensic science and psychology can be very effective in carrying out investigations and investigations, as well as in preventing crime and improving the security of society.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2022, 26, 4; 45-49
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social Engineering as a Cybercrime Tool — Criminological and Forensic Analysis
Autorzy:
Opalska-Kasprzak, Agata
Kasprzak, Wojciech Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45226377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
social engineering
forensic science
criminology
cybersecurity
computer haking
Opis:
Social engineering is one of the oldest methods of obtaining information and is still one of the most commonly used techniques by digital crime groups. Effective protection of network users must focus primarily on threat awareness and on a common-sense approach to placing sensitive data in cyberspace. With the development of new digital services, a number of new threats arise, which must be counteracted primarily through the use of electronic security measures in place, the launch of social campaigns and actions to raise awareness among citizens, as well as the organisation of courses for institutions in various sectors of the economy.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 144(4); 405-415
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linie papilarne i łańcuch DNA
Autorzy:
Marciniak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/273795.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
laboratorium kryminalistyczne
akredytacja laboratoriów
badania kryminalistyczne
forensic laboratory
laboratory accreditation
forensic science
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2013, 18, 2; 25-28
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie spektroskopii Ramana do analizy i identyfikacji szminek
Autorzy:
Stańczuk, M.
Runka, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/273580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
spektroskopia Ramana
szminka
kryminalistyka
techniki kryminalistyczne
Raman spectroscopy
lipstick
forensic science
forensic techniques
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2016, 21, 3; 6-13
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Źródła błędów poznawczych w badaniach śladów kryminalistycznych
Sources of bias in examination of forensic traces
Autorzy:
Ignaszak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Policji
Tematy:
kryminalistyka
błędy poznawcze
ekspertyza sądowa
forensic science
cognitive errors
bias
forensic expert report
Opis:
Człowiek ma aparat poznawczy, który wykorzystuje na co dzień. Z uwagi na jego ograniczenia jesteśmy podatni na wszelkiego rodzaju błędy poznawcze, które wpływają na obserwację świata i podejmowanie decyzji. Również eksperci sądowi nie są odporni na takie czynniki zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, za sprawą których mogą podejmować niepoprawne decyzje. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wielopoziomowego problemu powszechności występowania i podatności na wszelkie błędy poznawcze w ekspertyzie biegłych kryminalistyków oraz próba usystematyzowania przypadków opisanych w najnowszych badaniach, wykorzystująca strukturę piramidy źródeł błędów poznawczych. Z uwagi na praktyczny aspekt omawianej tematyki w niektórych przypadkach zaproponowano również rozwiązania, które mogłyby usprawnić pracę ekspertów i przyczynić się do jej większej spójności.
Every human being has a cognitive apparatus that he/she uses every day. Due to its limitations, we are susceptible to all kinds of cognitive errors that affect the observation of the world and decision making. Also forensic experts are not immune to external and internal factors that may cause issuing false opinions. The aim of the article is to show the multilevel problem of prevalence and susceptibility to any cognitive biases in the expertise of forensic analysts, and an attempt to systematise the cases described in the latest research works using the pyramid structure of bias sources. As regards the practical aspect of the discussed subject, in some cases solutions were also proposed that could improve the work of experts and contribute to its greater integrity.
Źródło:
Problemy Kryminalistyki; 2019, 303; 27-33
0552-2153
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Kryminalistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Old forensic Evidence, Contemporary Resources of forensic Science and the Police X-Files — Crime is Not an Abstract and theoretical Entity Out of Touch with Reality
Autorzy:
Zubańska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
police X-Files
undetected crimes
forensic evidence
modern research methods
tools of forensic science
Opis:
The obligation to prosecute the perpetrator of any crime throughout the entire period of its punishability is one of the statutory tasks of the Police. The prominent forensic scientist — Hans Gross claimed that crime is not an abstract and theoretical entity out of touch with reality, but a real social phenomenon that can be investigated and recognised. Nevertheless, archive shelves contain records of undetected crimes from the past years that cast a shadow over police statistics and never give investigators any peace of mind. These undetected crimes from a few, a dozen or even several dozen years ago, are reinvestigated by officers from the Cold Case Units (colloquially referred to as the Police X-Files). Currently, such a unit operates in each regional police headquarters as well as in the National Police Headquarters. The methods and means that the X-Files investigators take advantage of depend on the specificity of an individual case, however, in the model of their conduct, it is forensic science that plays a significant role — alongside covert policing or criminal analysis. Physical evidence plays a huge role in determining the objective truth, and thanks to the research methods and tools currently available to crime scene investigators, the boundaries of learning about the reality are expanding. Despite the passage of time, the purpose of criminal proceedings is achieved, i.e. perpetrators of many crimes committed years ago are identified and brought to justice.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 107-124
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Artificial intelligence and future crime in the context of computer forensics
Autorzy:
Olber, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45491957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-25
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
machine learning
computer forensics
digital evidence
crime
forensic science
artificial intelligence
Opis:
The aim of this article is to discuss the role, tasks and challenges of computer forensics in the context of the development of AI-enabled crime. The issues described in the article refer to potential future threats that have been identifi ed as the most troublesome for society. The considerations in the article are preceded by a critical analysis of the research that has been conducted in the fi eld of artifi cial intelligence and computer forensics so far. The literature analysis allows the claim that the future of computer forensics is automation based on machine learning algorithms. It has also been concluded that the development of artifi cial intelligence will defi ne new areas of computer forensics that take into account the analysis of neural network models and learning datasets.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 149(1); 342-358
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 22

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