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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 61
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of the micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel with a shrinking and a stationary wall
Autorzy:
Ali, K.
Ashraf, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
channel flow
shrinking/stationary walls
couple stress
quasi-linearization
Joule heating
viscous dissipation
Opis:
We present the numerical study of hydromagnetic (MHD) flow and heat transfer characte- ristics of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid in a channel with one wall shrinking and the other at rest in the presence of a transverse applied magnetic field. Different from the classical shooting methodology, we employ a combination of a di- rect and an iterative method (SOR with optimal relaxation parameter) for solving the sparse systems of linear algebraic equations arising from the FD discretization of the linearized self similar nonlinear ODEs. Effects of some physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer are discussed and presented through tables and graphs. The present investigation may be beneficial to the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2014, 52, 2; 557-569
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Average Energy Slope Estimation Formulas for One-dimensional Steady Gradually Varied Flow
Autorzy:
Artichowicz, W.
Mikos-Studnicka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
open channel
steady flow
gradually varied flow
standard step method
energy slope
Opis:
To find the steady flow water surface profile, it is possible to use Bernoulli’s equation, which is a discrete form of the differential energy equation. Such an approach requires the average energy slope between cross-sections to be estimated. In the literature, many methods are proposed for estimating the average energy slope in this case, such as the arithmetic mean, resulting in the standard step method, the harmonic mean and the geometric mean. Also hydraulic averaging by means of conveyance is commonly used. In this study, water surface profiles numerically computed using different formulas for expressing the average slope were compared with exact analytical solutions of the differential energy equation. Maximum relative and mean square errors between numerical and analytical solutions were used as measures of the quality of numerical models. Experiments showed that all methods gave solutions useful for practical engineering purposes. For every method, the numerical solution was very close to the analytical one. However, from the numerical viewpoint, the differences between the methods were significant, as the errors differed up to two orders of magnitude.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2014, 61, 3-4; 89--109
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of Energy Slope Averaging Methods on Numerical Solution of 1D Steady Gradually Varied Flow
Autorzy:
Artichowicz, W.
Prybytak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
standard step method
numerical integration
initial-value problem
ordinary differential equation
open channel
steady gradually varied flow
energy slope
Opis:
In this paper, energy slope averaging in the one-dimensional steady gradually varied flow model is considered. For this purpose, different methods of averaging the energy slope between cross-sections are used. The most popular are arithmetic, geometric, harmonic and hydraulic means. However, from the formal viewpoint, the application of different averaging formulas results in different numerical integration formulas. This study examines the basic properties of numerical methods resulting from different types of averaging.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2015, 62, 3-4; 101-119
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical analysis of open channel steady gradually varied flow using the simplified Saint-Venant equations
Autorzy:
Artichowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
dynamic equation
open-channel flow
open-channel networks
steady flow
Opis:
For one-dimensional open-channel flow modeling, the energy equation is usually used. There exist numerous approaches using the energy equation for open-channel flow computations, which resulted in the development of several very efficient methods for solving this problem applied to channel networks. However, the dynamic equation can be used for this purpose as well. This paper introduces a method for solving a system of non-linear equations by the discretization of the one-dimensional dynamic equation for open-channel networks. The results of the computations using the dynamic and energy equations were compared for an arbitrarily chosen problem. Also, the reasons for the differences between the solution of the dynamic and energy equation were investigated.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2011, 15, 3-4; 317-328
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peristaltic flow of a third grade fluid accounting Joule heating and Magnetic field. Effects in an asymmetric channel
Autorzy:
Asha, S. K.
Deepa, C. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
ADM
Joule heating
MHD third grade fluid
Peristaltic flow
asymmetric channel
Opis:
In this article, we have analysed the MHD third grade fluid flow induced by a peristaltic wave. The flow is analysed using the lubrication approximations. The reduced equations are solved by Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the expressions for stream function, velocity, pressure gradient and frictional force are obtained. The effect of pertinent parameters such as Brinkmann number, magnetic field, Deborah number and phase difference are analysed and illustrated graphically. The results shown that the rate of conduction of heat enhances by supplying heat to the channel. Also it is noticed that by increasing magnetic field the Lorentz forces reduces the velocity. This study finds application in various practical devices like electric power generators, heaters and conductors.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 137; 1-17
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross-waves and pulsating flows in the side-channel spillway - an experimental approach
Autorzy:
Azmeri, Azmeri
Ummah, Chairatun
Jemi, Faris Zahran
Faudli, Imam
Nasaiy, Qurratul 'Aini Benti
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
cross-waves
hydrodynamic force
physical model
pulsating flow
side-channel spillway
Opis:
Potentially hazardous side-channels of complex geometry need to be investigated using detailed hydraulic physical models. This study aims to analyse the cross-waves pattern and pulsating flow using a side-channel spillway physical model. This study compares the cross-waves pattern were measured using an experimental installation set to generate cross-waves on the surface (original series) with another structure that did not produce cross-waves (modified series). The results showed that the geometry of the left wall caused instability in flow patterns and secondary flows. The starting point of Q2 discharge was detected by minor turbulence on the water surface near the left wall at a water depth of 3.3 m at the starting point of the wall, but with no overtopping. Cross-waves formed downstream at the right wall crosswise, lower than at the left wall. The height of the cross-wave increased substantially from Q100 to Q1000 discharges leading to overtoppings near the left wall at a water depths of 4.2 and 5.0 m at the starting point of the wall, and near the right wall at a water depths of 3.8 and 4.0 m at the upstream point of the wall. The modifications provided optimal hydraulic conditions, i.e. elimination of cross-waves and non-uniform flows. The Vedernikov and Montouri numbers showed that both original and modified series did not enter the area where the pulsating flow occurred. This indicated that both series were free from the pulsating flow.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 56; 51--57
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling the hydrodynamic interactions between the river morphology and navigation channel operations
Autorzy:
Badawy, Neveen Abdel-Mageed
El-Hazek, Alaa N.
Elsersawy, Hossam Mohamed
Mohammed, Ebtesam Rezk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
adaptive hydraulics (ADH) model
draw down
navigation channel
the Nile River
restricted waterway
return flow
shear stress
Opis:
The Nile River is the main route for inland navigation in Egypt. The vessels navigating through inland waterways generate complex physical forces that need to be studied extensively. Quantifying the effects of vessels sailing along a waterway is a complex problem because the river flow is unsteady and the river bathymetry is irregular. This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects resulting from the movement of vessels such as return currents around the vessel, the draw down of the water surface, under keel clearance, and the shear stress induced by vessels operating in the Nile River. Modeling such effects has been performed by applied the two-dimensional ADH (adaptive hydraulics) model to a river reach for different navigation channel operation scenarios. The obtained results show that the draw down heights, the water fluctuation, and the shear stress magnitude are larger when the river cross sectionals are narrow and the shallow water depths. These river sections are considered more disposed to bed erosion and it is morphologically unsafe. The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest drawdown percentages of 98.3% and 87.3% in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least drawdown percentages of 48.5% and 51.9% in one-way and two-way scenarios. The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest fluctuations of 22.0 cm and 41.9 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least fluctuations of 0.6 cm and 1.8 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was the worst section for under keel clearance of 5.0 cm and 33.3 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was the best section, where its clearance values were 183.2 cm and 155.0 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. It is concluded that a numerical model is a valuable tool for predicting and quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of vessels moving through a two-dimensional flow field and can be used to evaluate different scenarios that are difficult to measure in the field or a physical model. Also, it provides visualization products that help us understand the complicated forces produced by vessels moving in a navigation channel.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 51; 1-10
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rheodynamics non-viscous medium in long (cylindrical) pipes: using the Ostwald-De Ville model
Autorzy:
Brovatets, Oleksandr
Chоvniuk, Yuiry
Moskvitina, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
rheodynamics
nonlinear viscous medium
long channels
round channel sections
rectangular channel sections
Ostwald-de Waele model
heat transfer
non-isothermal flow
heat exchangers
polyethylene glycol
ethylene glycol
Opis:
While heating the soil in greenhouses, ground heat exchangers are used, as well as when accumulating heat in soil massifs for further use of heat by heat pumps, or when accumulating heat from solar collectors in heat accumulators. In such cases, a coolant moves in the heat exchangers, which will not freeze or boil, most often these are solutions polyethylene/ethylene glycol, which belong to nonlinear viscous fluids. In this work, the nonisothermal motion of a nonlinear-viscous fluid (within the framework of the Ostwald - de Ville model) in a flat channel with a given heat flow on the wall is investigated. A characteristic feature of the flow of such media is their high thermal sensitivity due to phase and structural transformations. Therefore, with a change in temperature, there is a sharp change in rheological properties. For a number of materials, for example, for polyethylene glycol (ethylene glycol) mixtures, for glycerol solutions, these changes can occur in a fairly narrow temperature range. The flow in a channel is considered, the length of which is much greater than the length of the hydrodynamic and thermal initial sections. The case is investigated when the temperature changes along the channel. Channels of arbitrary cross-section (and, in particular, rectangular and circular) are considered. The situation is analyzed when the temperature changes along the channel, and this change is rather weak in relation to the temperature change along the channel walls (in the transverse direction, that is, in the plane of symmetry). To describe the state of the system, the so-called state diagram (dependence of the temperature on the axis of symmetry of the channel on the heat flux).
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2020, 9, 2; 19--22
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A turbulence model for 3-d flows with anisotropic structure of turbulence
Autorzy:
Czernuszenko, W.
Rylov, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
3D flow
mathematical model
numerical simulation
open channel flow
turbulence model
Opis:
A new turbulence model for flows in open channels with compound cross-sections is presented. The structure of turbulence in these channels can be anisotropic. This structure is described by the turbulent stress tensor that is presented here as the sum of two tensors, namely, normal and shear stress tensors. The normal and shear turbulent stresses are expressed by the turbulence intensities and the mixing length tensor (MLT), respectively. The turbulence intensities can be learned from measurements or another suitable approaches. One such approach that allows calculating the main component of the normal stresses is presented in the paper. The components of MLT are defined based on a new concept of generic mixing length (GML). The generic mixing length is assumed to depend on both distances; from the nearest wall and from the water surface. To demonstrate how the new model works the basic hydrodynamic equations (parabolic approximation of Reynolds equations) together with the turbulence model are solved. The well-known Patankar and Spalding (1972) algorithm was used when solving these equations. A series of numerical simulations were performed for different components of MLT and different channel geometries.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2005, 52, 4; 303-320
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lagrangian Model for a Single Saltating Grain in the Near-Wall Region of an Open-Channel Flow
Autorzy:
Czernuszenko, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
Lagrangian model
open-channel flow
particle-particle interaction
Opis:
A mathematical model for the continuous saltation of a particle near the granular bed in an open-channel flow is developed in detail. The model is based on the Lagrangian equations governing particle motion, and it takes into account the following forces: drag, lift, gravitation, virtual mass and the force responsible for particle-particle interactions. A model of particle-particle collisions is developed and used to determine the mean impulsive force acting upon a particle flowing and rebounding from the channel bed. The model can simulate the continuous saltation trajectories of a single particle in the near-bed region of turbulent flows, in which particle motion is controlled by collisions. The model has been calibrated and verified with available published data in a rather wide range of grain sizes from 0.53 mm to 15 mm. All parameters, such as lift, drag, restitution, friction coefficients and roughness height, have been set on the basis of a reanalysis of these published data.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2013, 60, 1-4; 31-50
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected studies of flow maldistribution in a minichannel plate heat exchanger
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, P.
Klugmann, M.
Mikielewicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pressure drop
minichannel
plate
heat exchanger
flow maldistribution
channel blockage
spadek ciśnienia
minikanał
płyta
wymiennik ciepła
zły rozkład przepływu
zablokowanie
kanał
Opis:
Analysis of the state of-the-art in research of minichannel heat exchangers, especially on the topic of flow maldistribution in multiple channels, has been accomplished. Studies on minichannel plate heat exchanger with 51 parallel minichannels with four hydraulic diameters, i.e., 461 μm, 574 μm, 667 μm, and 750 μm have been presented. Flow at the instance of filling the microchannel with water at low flow rates has been visualized. The pressure drop characteristics for single minichannel plate have been presented along with the channels blockage, which occurred in several cases. The impact of the mass flow rate and channels’ cross-section dimensions on the flow maldistribution were illustrated.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 3; 135-148
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ warstwy MAC standardu 802.11 na osiągane parametry QoS
Impact of the MAC Layer of the Standard 802.11 on the Achieved QoS
Autorzy:
Dolińska, Iwona
Masiukiewicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
standard IEEE 802.11
warstwa MAC
QoS transmisji
przepływność kanału radiowego
IFS
MAC layer
transmission quality of service (QoS)
radio channel flow capacity
inter-frame spacing (IFS)
Opis:
Podstawowym parametrem sieci WLAN jest przepustowość transmisji. Zdefiniowane w standardzie przepustowości maksymalne teoretyczne są w warunkach rzeczywistych ograniczane z jednej strony jakością kanału transmisyjnego, a z drugiej sposobem działania samego standardu. W przypadku standardu IEEE 802.11 zastosowana metoda komunikacji DCF wprowadza obowiązkowe przerwy w nadawaniu – interwały czasowe IFS, które powodują zmniejszenie przepustowości osiąganej w jednostce czasu. W artykule omówiono różne ulepszenia metody DCF, zaproponowane w wyniku prac naukowo-badawczych. Porównano je pod względem przydatności w rzeczywistych zastosowaniach.
The basic parameter of the WLAN is transmission output. The defined in the standard of output capacity maximum theoretical values are in the real conditions limited, on the one hand, by the transmission channel quality and, on the other hand, by the way in which the very standard acts. In the case of standard IEEE 802.11, the applied method of communication DCF (distributed coordination function) introduces the obligatory pauses in broadcasting – temporal intervals IFS which cause a reduction of the output capacity achieved in a time unit. In their article, the authors discussed various improvements of the DCF method proposed in result of research works. They are compared in terms of their usefulness in the real applications.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2013, 4(38); 88-102
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental investigation of the two-phase flow regimes and pressure drop in horizontal mini-size rectangular test section
Autorzy:
Elazhary, A.
Soliman, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dwufazowy
minikanał
przepływ
spadek ciśnienia
flow regimes
mini channel
pressure drop
two-phase
Opis:
An experimental study was conducted in order to investigate two-phase flow regimes and fully developed pressure drop in a mini-size, horizontal rectangular channel. The test section was machined in the form of an impacting tee junction in an acrylic block (in order to facilitate visualization) with a rectangular cross-section of 1.87-mm height on 20-mm width on the inlet and outlet sides. Pressure drop measurement and flow regime identification were performed on all three sides of the junction. Air-water mixtures at 200 kPa (abs) and room temperature were used as the test fluids. Four flow regimes were identified visually: bubbly, plug, churn, and annular over the ranges of gas and liquid superficial velocities of 0.04 [ less than or equal to] JG [ less than or equal to] 10 m/s and 0.02 [ less than or equal to] JL [ less than or equal to] 0.7 m/s, respectively, and a flow regime map was developed. Accuracy of the pressure-measurement technique was validated with single-phase, laminar and turbulent, fully developed data. Two-phase experiments were conducted for eight different inlet conditions and various mass splits at the junction. Comparisons were conducted between the present data and former correlations for the fully developed two-phase pressure drop in rectangular channels with similar sizes. Wide deviations were found among these correlations, and the correlations that agreed best with the present data were identified.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2012, 33, 2; 47-6
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flow in a skewed compound open channel with trees on a flood plain
Autorzy:
Fukui, Y.
Urayama, T.
Takamizu, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Budownictwa Wodnego PAN
Tematy:
skewed compound open channel
trees on the flood plain
drag force
secondary flow
Opis:
In this research, the flow in a skewed compound channel with trees on the flood plain along the skewed part is studied. Three cases are assumed. Namely, 1) there are no trees on the flood plain along the main skewed part; 2) there are many trees on the flood plain set in order; and 3) there are many trees on the flood plain in disorder. In this research, 1) changes of water level and velocity in the channel; 2) the de-velopment of secondary flow as water flows downward; 3) the drag force due to the existence of trees; and 4) the changes of the river bed level in a movable bed condition are investigated. Numerical analyses using 2-D shallow water theory are also carried out to reproduce a flow in the skewed channel. As a result, the hydraulic quantities, for example water depth and the velocity cal-culated for a case setting trees in order and close together, are available in the river planning for a situation in which some of the trees were washed downstream. Such hydraulic quantities become severe for conditions in order and close to-gether in the flood. During the experiment using sand, channel beds are deformed by piling up and digging of sands or stones in various cases.
Źródło:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics; 2003, 50, 1; 3-19
1231-3726
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Urban environment influence on distribution part of logistics systems
Autorzy:
Galkin, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224141.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
logistics channel
material flow
transport planning cities
automobilization level
logistyka
przepływ materiału
planowanie transportu
poziom motoryzacji
Opis:
The irregularities of evolutionary development, continuous improvement of environmental component into transport and raise many unsolved problem in the fields of transport in logistics systems and material flows management. The city parameters analyses had highlighted connections with transport services technology. Also the distribution stage of the logistic chain, which consists of following market participants: incoming material flow, retailers and Transportation Company (carrier) in different cities has been considered. Transportation service is made by road transport. The paper compares results of transportation servicing in different cities and logistic chains with same technology. As performance indicator net present value has been used. Existing criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of distribution of material flows does not sufficiently take into account the time value of money and possible options for investment, so when estimating the performance of servicing of business investment indicators should be used. Paper should elucidate the impact of cities on the transport service efficacy. Practical suggestions on logistics system functioning and transportation service of retailers in urban area have been proposed. Obtained results discovered overall impact of city’s parameters (density of streets and roads network’ irregularity factor; automobilizationlevel; urban square; scheme of road network; city radius) on logistics according to model which include more than 50 parameters and allows finding regularities of changing logistics efficiency on them.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2017, 42, 2; 7-23
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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