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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Impact of Boundary Conditions on Acoustic Excitation of Entropy Perturbations in a Bounded Volume of Newtonian Gas
    Autorzy:
    Perelomova, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177071.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    nonlinear acoustics
    acoustic heating in resonators
    Burgers equation
    first type
    second type
    boundary conditions
    acoustic heating in a half-space
    Opis:
    Excitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense sound, that is, acoustic heating, is theoretically considered in this work. The dynamic equation for an excess density which specifies the entropy mode, has been obtained by means of the method of projections. It takes the form of the diffusion equation with an acoustic driving force which is quadratically nonlinear in the leading order. The diffusion coefficient is proportional to the thermal conduction, and the acoustic force is proportional to the total attenuation. Theoretical description of instantaneous heating allows to take into account aperiodic and impulsie sounds. Acoustic heating in a half-space and in a planar resonator is discussed. The aim of this study is to evaluate acoustic heating and determine the contribution of thermal conduction and mechanical viscosity in different boundary problems. The conclusions are drawn for the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The instantaneous dynamic equation for variations in temperature, which specifies the entropy mode, is solved analytically for some types of acoustic exciters. The results show variation in temperature as a function of time and distance from the boundary for different boundary conditions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2019, 44, 2; 321-328
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Projektowanie XVI-wiecznej antykwy
    Designing the 16th century Roman Type
    Autorzy:
    Gireń, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398247.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    renesansowa typografia
    antykwa
    gotyko-antykwa
    konstrukcja liter
    początki druku
    historia liter
    projektowanie liter
    renaissance typography
    roman type
    first roman type
    letter design
    origins of print
    history of letters
    design of letters
    Opis:
    Artykuł opisuje historię projektowania najważniejszej odmiany pisma – antykwy. Przedstawia głównych projektantów, typografów i drukarzy tworzących w XVI wieku pierwsze kroje stosowane w druku. Ukazuje historię kształtowania się antykwy w dobie renesansu, którego założenia miały ogromny wpływ na formę stosowanego wówczas pisma. Przedstawione zostały systemy budowania proporcji liter i odstępów między nimi. Artykuł poddaje analizie antykwy wczesnego, dojrzałego i późnego renesansu, ukazuje najważniejsze cechy konstrukcji liter. Przedstawione są także sylwetki wybitnych rytowników stempli drukarskich z Włoch i Francji.
    Article describes the history of designing the most important type – roman type. It presents the main designers, typographers and printers creating in the XVI century the first typefaces used in printing. It shows the history of the formation of roman type in the era of the Renaissance, whose assumptions had a huge impact on the form of the magazine used at that time. Systems for building the proportions of letters and spacing between them will be presented. The article analyzes renaissance roman type, showing the most important features of the construction of letters. There are also profiles of outstanding punchcutters from Italy and France.
    Źródło:
    Architecturae et Artibus; 2018, 10, 4; 14-25
    2080-9638
    Pojawia się w:
    Architecturae et Artibus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identity, Equality, Nameability and Completeness
    Autorzy:
    Manzano, María
    Moreno, Manuel Crescencio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/750030.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    first-order logic
    type theory
    identity
    equality
    indiscernibility
    comprehension
    completeness
    translations
    nameability
    Opis:
    This article is an extended promenade strolling along the winding roads of identity, equality, nameability and completeness, looking for places where they converge. We have distinguished between identity and equality; the first is a binary relation between objects while the second is a symbolic relation between terms. Owing to the central role the notion of identity plays in logic, you can be interested either in how to define it using other logical concepts or in the opposite scheme. In the first case, one investigates what kind of logic is required. In the second case, one is interested in the definition of the other logical concepts (connectives and quantifiers) in terms of the identity relation, using also abstraction. The present paper investigates whether identity can be introduced by definition arriving to the conclusion that only in full higher-order logic a reliable definition of identity is possible. However, the definition needs the standard semantics and we know that with this semantics completeness is lost. We have also studied the relationship of equality with comprehension and extensionality and pointed out the relevant role played by these two axioms in Henkin’s completeness method. We finish our paper with a section devoted to general semantics, where the role played by the nameable hierarchy of types is the key in Henkin’s completeness method.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Section of Logic; 2017, 46, 3/4
    0138-0680
    2449-836X
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Section of Logic
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identity, equality, nameability and completeness. Part II
    Autorzy:
    Manzano, María
    Moreno, Manuel Crescencio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/749980.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    identity
    equality
    completeness
    nameability
    first-order modal logic
    hybrid logic
    hybrid type theory
    equational hybrid propositional type theory
    Opis:
    This article is a continuation of our promenade along the winding roads of identity, equality, nameability and completeness. We continue looking for a place where all these concepts converge. We assume that identity is a binary relation between objects while equality is a symbolic relation between terms. Identity plays a central role in logic and we have looked at it from two different points of view. In one case, identity is a notion which has to be defined and, in the other case, identity is a notion used to define other logical concepts. In our previous paper, [16], we investigated whether identity can be introduced by definition arriving to the conclusion that only in full higher-order logic with standard semantics a reliable definition of identity is possible. In the present study we have moved to modal logic and realized that here we can distinguish in the formal language between two different equality symbols, the first one shall be interpreted as extensional genuine identity and only applies for objects, the second one applies for non rigid terms and has the characteristic of synonymy. We have also analyzed the hybrid modal logic where we can introduce rigid terms by definition and can express that two worlds are identical by using the nominals and the @ operator. We finish our paper in the kingdom of identity where the only primitives are lambda and equality. Here we show how other logical concepts can be defined in terms of the identity relation. We have found at the end of our walk a possible point of convergence in the logic Equational Hybrid Propositional Type Theory (EHPTT), [14] and [15].
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Section of Logic; 2018, 47, 3
    0138-0680
    2449-836X
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Section of Logic
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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