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Tytuł:
2008 and 2009 EU Competition Law and Sector-specific Regulatory Case Law Developments with a Nexus to Poland
Autorzy:
Kośka, Dagmara
Kuik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Access Directive
active ingredient
airline industry
antitrust
bankruptcy
broadband
collective management
competition law
copyright
divestiture
e-communications
economic crisis
electronic communications
EU competition law
European Commission
fine
Framework Directive
full-function joint venture
insurance
interconnection
interim measures
liquidation
merger
national regulatory authority
NRA
patent
performing right
pharmaceutical industry
pharmaceutical sector inquiry
Polish Law on telecommunications
Polish shipyards
recovery decision
recovery of the aid
regional aid
remedies
reproduction right
restructuring aid
State aid
subscriber
Opis:
The 2008 issue of YARS contained an overview of EU law developments in the period of time from 2004 to 2007. This overview covers the years 2008-2009. It confirms that State aid cases remained numerous (6 in total) and that the Commission’s enforcement activities in the area of State aid control continued at a similar pace as before. With respect to other areas of competition law and policy, the overall picture shows a relatively high level of scrutiny in mergers (5) and antitrust cases or inquiries (2). Moreover, EU Courts adopted several decisions in Polish cases, notably in the regulatory field (electronic communications) and State aid control (partial annulment in Huta Częstochowa (Operator) as well as the rejection of a request for interim measures in Technologie Buczek). The regulatory court cases show the Commission’s consistency in pursuing Member States in their failure to implement or to correctly implement the EU Electronic Communications package. In the state aid related Huta Częstochowa (Operator) judgement, the General Court (GC, formerly the Court of First Instance, CFI) partially annulled the scrutinised Commission decision since the Commission failed to identify the actual benefit related to the receipt of the aid in question. The jury is still out in the case concerning Technologie Buczek because the interim measures judgement says little about the potential outcome of the pending main appeals.
Le YARS de 2008 contenait un aperçu des développements du droit de l'UE pendant la période de 2004 à 2007, alors que celui-ci couvre les années 2008-2009. Il confirme que les cas d'aides d'État sont restés nombreux (6 au total) et que la mise en œuvre du contrôle des aides d'État par la Commission a continué au même rythme. En ce qui concerne les autres secteurs du droit de la concurrence et de la politique de concurrence, le nombre de contrôles des concentrations et des cas ou des enquêtes antitrust est relativement élevé (2). En outre, les cours de l'UE ont rendu plusieurs arrêts dans des cas polonais, notamment dans le domaine réglementaire (communications électroniques) et du contrôle d'aides d'État (l'annulation partielle dans Huta Częstochowa (opérateur) ainsi que le rejet d'une demande de mesures provisoires dans Technologie Buczek). Les arrêts dans le domaine réglementaire montrent la cohérence de la Commission dans les actions contre les États membres qui ont manqué à leur obligation de mettre en oeuvre, ou de mettre en œuvre correctement, le Paquet Télécom de l'UE. Dans l'arrêt Huta Częstochowa (opérateur) concernant les aides d'État, le Tribunal (précédemment le Tribunal de Première Instance, TPI) a partiellement annulé la décision de la Commission puisque la Commission n'a pas réussi à identifier l'avantage réel de la réception de l'aide en question. Le jury est toujours en train de délibérer dans le cas concernant Technologie Buczek parce que l'arrêt sur les mesures provisoires dit peu sur les résultats potentiels des appels principaux en cours.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2010, 3(3); 179-211
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2D metal halide perovskites: a new fascinating playground for exciton fine structure investigations
Autorzy:
Baranowski, Michał
Dyksik, Mateusz
Płochocka, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35108251.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Radomskie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
2D perovskites
exciton
fine structure
dark exciton states
perowskity 2D
ekscyton
struktura subtelna
stany ciemne ekscytonu
Opis:
Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites are natural quantum wells which consist of low bandgap metal-halide slabs, surrounded by organic spacers barriers. The quantum and dielectric confinements provided by the organic part lead to the extreme exciton binding energy which results in a huge enhancement of exciton fine structure in this material system. This makes 2D perovskites a fascinating playground for fundamental excitonic physics studies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and quantification of the exciton fine structure in 2D perovskites. We discuss what is the role of exciton fine structure in the optical response of 2D perovskites and how it challenges our understanding of this fundamental excitation. Finally, we highlight some controversy related to particularly large bright-dark exciton states splitting and high efficiency of light emission from these materials. This can result from the unique synergy of excitonic and mechanical properties of 2D perovskites crystals.
Źródło:
Scientiae Radices; 2022, 1, 1; 3-25
2956-4808
Pojawia się w:
Scientiae Radices
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
4D gas geological research on coal seam with gas hazard potential in mining panel
Autorzy:
Cui, Hongqing
He, Xin
Wang, Zehua
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
gas geology
gas hazard prevention
small geological structure
fine geological survey
4D analysis
geologia gazowa
zapobieganie zagrożeniom gazowym
mała struktura geologiczna
szczegółowe badania geologiczne
analiza 4D
Opis:
According to regulations of the mining industry in China, it is necessary to carry out gas hazard prevention projects in advance when mining coal seams with gas hazard potential, and gas geological research should be taken as the basic work for optimal design and effective construction of gas hazard prevention projects. Research on coal seam with gas hazard potential have shown that anomalous geological area could be the gas hazard potential area as well, where superimposed tectonic and mining stress field usually results in tectonically disturbed coal and pressured gas. A 4D gas geological research method is used to find out the anomalous geological area and assess its gas hazard potential. The method covers two ranges of gas geological research: fine geological survey and 4D analysis. The former includes a comprehensive prospect of concealed small geological anomalies (such as small fault, small fold and coal thickness variation) by use of gas extraction projects; The latter includes a dynamic forecast of gas hazard potential from space-time perspective based on numerical simulation analysis on additional stress fields around small geological structures beyond coal mining face. Its research benefit the optimal design and effective implementation of gas hazard prevention measures in coal mining panel with high coal and gas outburst potential.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2022, 21, 2; 112--119
2300-1364
2300-3960
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Mining
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Description of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from a Freshwater Habitat
Autorzy:
Anderson, O. Roger
Tekle, Yonas I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Amoebozoa, comparative morphology, fine structure, molecular genetics, taxonomy
Opis:
Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. is described based on light microscopy, fine structure and molecular genetic evidence. Amoebae are broadly oval to somewhat triangular during locomotion with average length of 37 μm and breadth of 50 μm, and surrounded by a hyaloplasm margin, somewhat narrow when at rest but more expanded during locomotion (~ 5–10 μm at the anterior). Sparsely occurring subpseudopodia, barely emergent from the hyaloplasm, are blunt and finger-like, occasionally becoming adhesive laterally or at the posterior. Cysts develop after 2–3 weeks in culture and are round with a distinct margin, decreasing in size from 20 to 5 μm during maturation. The granuloplasm contains refractile crystals. A vesicular nucleus (~ 6 μm), containing a nucleolus (2–3 μm), is variable in shape from somewhat lenticular in section to irregularly rounded with undulating or lobed margins. Surface scales (~ 0.3 μm in height) have an apical deeply concave funnel-like collar (~ 0.15 μm deep), without a spine, composed of radial fine rays and concentric filaments forming a finemesh, supported on four non-cross-linked styles (~ 0.2 μm apart) attached to a round to broadly angular base plate (0.6–1 μm) with a fine gridtexture. Cysts are rounded and enclosed by an organic wall bearing remnants of the scales on its outer surface. Both concatenated analysis of SSU-rDNA and COI genes and comparative morphologies support the designation of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. as a new species.
Źródło:
Acta Protozoologica; 2013, 52, 2
1689-0027
Pojawia się w:
Acta Protozoologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A DHCR_ SmartNet: A smart Devanagari handwritten character recognition using level-wised CNN architecture
Autorzy:
Deore, Shalaka Prasad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
convolutional neural network
VGG16
fine-tuned
handwritten script
Devanagari characters
Opis:
Handwritten script recognition is a vital application of the machine-learning domain. Applications like automatic license plate detection, pin-code detection, and historical document management increases attention toward handwritten script recognition. English is the most widely spoken language in India; hence, there has been a lot of research into identifying a script using a machine. Devanagari is a popular script that is used by a large number of people on the Indian subcontinent. In this paper, a level-wised efficient transfer-learning approach is presented on the VGG16 model of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying isolated Devanagari handwritten characters. In this work, a new dataset of Devanagari characters is presented and made accessible to the public. This newly created dataset is comprised of 5800 samples for 12 vowels, 36 consonants, and 10 digits. Initially, a simple CNN is implemented and trained on this new small dataset. During the next stage, a transfer-learning approach is implemented on the VGG16 model, and during the last stage, the efficient fine-tuned VGG16 model is implemented. The obtained accuracy of the fine-tuned model’s training and testing came to 98.16% and 96.47%, respectively.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2022, 23 (3); 301--320
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Fragmentary Carrying Chair Scene in Salt Lake City, Utah
Autorzy:
Brovarski, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/484025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
Tematy:
carrying chair scene
‘Sänftenleid’
Natasha Rambova
Utah Museum of Fine Arts
Metjetji
Pepy I
Opis:
In the collections of the Utah Museum of Fine Arts in Salt Lake City is a fragmentary limestone relief of a chair carrying scene. The relief fragment in Salt Lake City was a gift to the museum from Natacha Rambova (née Shaugnessy), a dancer, spiritualist, Hollywood costume and set designer, and one-time wife of Rudolph Valentino, who developed an interest in ancient Egypt. Such chair carrying scenes in the Old Kingdom are generally accompanied by a porters’ ditty, a so-called Sänftenlied. The fragmentary scene in Salt Lake City is unusual in substituting commands to the porters for the ditty.
Źródło:
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences); 2017, 30; 155-160
2084-6762
2449-9579
Pojawia się w:
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A group of Early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance
Autorzy:
Kajzer, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1634054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Chhîm
Phoenicia
Roman period
oil lamps
macroscopic fabric analysis
semi-fine ware
iconography
Opis:
The group of Early Roman oil lamps excavated during several research seasons in Chhîm constitute a significantly fragmented assemblage. Macroscopic analysis of fabrics, combined with typological study complemented by iconographic research where applicable, revealed similarities between studied objects and other lamp finds from the Levant. The characterised fabric shows the continuity of manufacture from the Hellenistic period and the connection with semi-fine ware. The collected data suggest the Phoenician coast as the potential place of manufacture.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2020, 29(2); 295-310
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A judicial review of the inactivity of public administration in the Slovak Republic
Autorzy:
Horvat, Matej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
inactivity of the public administration
action against inactivity of the public administration
court proceeding against inactivity of the public administration
good administration
fine for inactivity of the administrative authority
Opis:
The article focuses on inactivity of the public administration in the Slovak Republic. It analyses this malfunction of the public administration from the point of view of the legal theory, international legal regulation as well as national legal regulation. The emphasis is on the national legal regulation that should provide effective legal remedies on how to eliminate inactivity of the public administration – namely the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, the Act on Administrative Proceeding and the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure. The article analyses the new legal regulation on a judicial review of inactivity stipulated in the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure and compares it with the previous legal regulation. The aim is to conclude which legal regulation is more effective and describe why it is so.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2018, 16, 4 (2); 55-64
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Novel Approach to the Screw Feeder Design to Improve the Reliability of Briquetting Process in the Roller Press
Autorzy:
Baiul, Kostiantyn
Vashchenko, Serhii
Khudyakov, Olexander
Bembenek, Michał
Zinchenko, Andrii
Krot, Pavlo V.
Solodka, Nataliia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
fine-grained materials
briquetting
roller press
screw feeder
optimal design
compaction coefficient
Opis:
The screw feeder design for the pre-compaction of bulk materials to be briquetted in a roll press is considered to increase the overall reliability. The relationship between the parameters of the screw feeder and its technological characteristics is investigated by the example of two fine-grained materials. A new mathematical model and design algorithm have been developed, which takes into account the properties of materials, the roller press parameters, the shape of the briquettes, and their deformation after compaction. The relationship between the pre-compaction pressure and the material stack height at the inlet is determined. The relations between the torque, the screw pitch, and the material stack height above the inlet, as well as the drive power and the screw pitch on productivity, are investigated. In experiments, using the proposed design, the compaction ratio of the peat increases by 22-27%, and hydrolyzed lignin –by 14-17%. The proposed approach allows for preventing drive overloading and ensures the reliable operation of pre-compaction devices for the roller presses.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2023, 25, 3; art. no. 167967
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A performance study on partial replacement of polymer industries waste (PIW) as fine aggregate in concrete
Autorzy:
Srinivasan, K.
Premalatha, J.
Srigeethaa, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/231287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
odpady polimerowe
odpady przemysłowe
wytrzymałość na ściskanie
wytrzymałość na rozciąganie
wytrzymałość na zginanie
kruszywo drobne
polymer industrial waste
PIW
compressive strength
split tensile strength
flexure strength
fine aggregate
Opis:
Recycling of plastic wastes helps in reducing waste disposal problems and helps for the sustainable development of the country. Concrete with various % (0 to 55%) of waste plastic aggregates were tested for their mechanical strength properties. In the present work, plastic aggregates obtained as end product of a polymer recycle industry in the form of grains called as plastic aggregates are used as fine aggregate replacements in concrete. The addition of plastic aggregate as fine aggregate replacements results in increase in compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength and thus helps in production of sustainable concrete. It is observed that, the optimum % of replacement of sand with waste plastic waste is 40% and it is also found that upto55% of sand replacements with plastic wastes, mechanical strength values are comparable with that of the normal concrete.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2018, 64, 3; 45-56
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Risk Analysis and Ranking Application for Lifting Vehicles Used in Construction Sites with Integrated AHP and Fine-Kinney Approach
Autorzy:
Yilmaz, Fatih
Ozcan, Mehmet Selim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
analytical hierarchy process
lifting equipment
fine-kinney
occupational health and safety
integrated risk analysis
ranking method
proces hierarchii analitycznej
urządzenia dźwigowe
sprzęt
bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy
zintegrowana analiza ryzyka
metoda rankingu
Opis:
Risk scoring methods applied in risk assessments used in Turkey, differ from each other in terms of analysis methods, scoring the risks, presumption and sensitivity levels. This article aims to eliminate the effects of divergent results of different risk analyses of lifting equipments used in the building industry and develop a practical hybrid risk analysis and ranking method. In this study risks of lifting equipments used in the building industry were scored by conventional Fine-Kenney risk analysis method first. Secondly, with the experience of previous accidents on construction sites, the reasons of accidents were sorted into 7 main criteria, which being ‘Demographic’, ‘Behavioral’, ‘Machine Related’, ‘Working Environment Related’, ‘Economical’, ‘Administrative’ and ‘Organizational’ criteria and related sub-criteria. Developing these criteria was supported by the experience of inspections carried out by labour inspectors. The weighted scores of these criteria were calculated by AHP method using a questionnaire applied to 14 experienced labor inspectors. The weighted scores obtained by the analytical hierarchy process method (AHP) were multiplied by the scores obtained by Fine-Kinney risk assessment method and a new integrated risk assessment and ranking application was introduced. With this application, a different priority rank was created and which risk to be eliminated primarily was determined. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, lifting equipments, fine-kinney, occupational health and safety, integrated risk analysis, ranking method
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2019, 13, 3; 152-161
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Study Of The Die Roll Height Of SHP-1 And SCP-1 Materials In The Fine Blanking Process
Badanie wysokości deformacji krawędzi wycinanych elementów ze stali SHP-1 i SCP-1 procesie wykrawania
Autorzy:
Lee, C. K.
Kim, Y. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
die roll
fine blanking
SCP-1
share speed
SHP-1
v-rings
krawędzie
wykrawanie
szybkość działania
deformacja
Opis:
The height of the die roll, the distance of the V-ring, and the shear rate were varied with the aim of investigating the effects of the applied changes on the fine blanking line in a cold-rolled and a pickled steel sheet, referred to as SCP-1 and SHP-1, respectively. Both materials consisted primarily of a ferrite phase with small amounts of impurities including F, Mn, and Cr. The distance was found to be a very important factor in controlling the shear of the V-ring in the fine blanking process. When the position of the V-ring was set at distances of 1.5 mm and 2 mm, the die roll height increased with increasing shear speeds from 6.4 m/min to 10 and 16 m/min. Analysis of the influence of the shear rate revealed that low rates resulted in the lowest die roll heights since the flow of material was effectively inhibited.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 2B; 1397-1402
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Absolwenci zakopiańskiej Szkoły Przemysłu Drzewnego w pracowni profesora Tadeusza Breyera
Autorzy:
Rudzka, Maria Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Tadeusz Breyer
Szkoła Przemysłu Drzewnego w Zakopanem
Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie
rzeźba polska XX-lecia międzywojennego
Zakopane School of Wood Industry
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
Polish sculptures of the interwar period
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza obecności i znaczenia absolwentów zakopiańskiej Szkoły Przemysłu Drzewnego w pracowni prof. Tadeusza Breyera w warszawskiej Akademii Sztuk Pięknych. Na wybór tej uczelni znaczący wpływ miało przeniesienie ich nauczyciela Karola Stryjeńskiego do stolicy. Ponieważ nie mieli matury, musieli przejść proces „uzwyczajnienia”, najczęściej uzyskując świadectwo ukończenia Miejskiej Szkoły Sztuk Zdobniczych i Malarstwa. W pracowni absolwenci wyróżniali się szczególnie udanymi rzeźbami o tematyce sportowej oraz w zakresie technik metalowych. Brali też znaczący udział w realizacjach swoich profesorów. Niektórzy zostali profesorami na Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie, inni powrócili jako pedagodzy do Zakopanego. To zjawisko przepływu uczniów i profesorów trwa po dzień dzisiejszy.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the presence and importance of graduates of the Zakopane School of Wood Industry in the Prof. Tadeusz Breyer’s studio at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. For many graduates, the choice of the Academy was significantly influenced by the relocation of their teacher, Karol Stryjeński to the capital. As they did not have a high school diploma, they had to undergo the “habituation” process, most often obtaining a certificate of graduation from the Municipal School of Decorative Arts and Painting. In the studio, they distinguished themselves with particularly successful sculptures in sports and metal techniques. They also took a significant part in the realizations of their professors. Some became professors at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, others returned to Zakopane as teachers. This phenomenon of the movement of students and professors continues to this day.
Źródło:
Artifex Novus; 2021, 5; 104-117
2544-5014
Pojawia się w:
Artifex Novus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Administracyjne kary pieniężne
Administrative Fine
Autorzy:
Fleszer, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3200871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-04
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
administracyjna kara pieniężna
kara grzywny
sankcja administracyjna
administrative fine
fine
administrative sanction
Opis:
Wyraźnie zauważalne jest, że ustawodawca dla podniesienia efektywności tworzonych przez siebie regulacji prawnych z zakresu prawa administracyjnego sięga po sankcje, mające postać administracyjnych kar pieniężnych. Nakładane są one w razie niewykonania lub nienależytego wykonania obowiązków wynikających z konkretnego przepisu prawnego przez ich adresata. Mając jednak na uwadze to, że w procedurze ich nakładania nie są stosowane środki ochrony, w przeciwieństwie do kar wymierzanych w prawie karnym, do możliwości nakładania kar pieniężnych powinno się podchodzić się z większą ostrożnością. Zwłaszcza że szczególnie wykorzystywany jest ich represyjne oddziaływanie.
It is clearly noticeable that the legislator, in order to increase the effectiveness of legal regulations in the field of administrative law created thereby, reaches for sanctions in the form of administrative fines. They shall be imposed in the event of non-performance or improper performance by the addressee of obligations under a specific legal provision. However, bearing in mind that there are no protective measures in the procedure for their imposition, unlike penalties under criminal law, the possibility of imposing fines should be treated with greater caution. Their repressive impact is particularly exploited.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2022, 1(XXII); 89-100
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ALTERNATIVE EXISTENCE OF ART IN “INTERNAL EMIGRATION” IN SLOVAK PART OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN YEARS 1977–1989
The alternative existence of art in “inner emigration” in the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia in years 1977–1989
Autorzy:
BÁTOROVÁ, MÁRIA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Slovak and Czech dissident movement
silent alternative
samizdat
literature
fine art
Libri prohibiti archive
Opis:
This paper presents a comparison of Slovak and Czech dissidents, the origin of the so-called “silent” dissent, alternative art in Slovakia in the years of normalization, mostly after 1977.
Źródło:
Slavia Occidentalis; 2018, 75/2; 59-67
0081-0002
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Occidentalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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