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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 113
Tytuł:
Opłaty lokalne. Niewykorzystane źródło dochodów gmin wiejskich w Polsce?
Local fees: unexploited source of revenues of rural municipalities in Poland?
Autorzy:
Budzeń, Daniel
Kańduła, Sławomira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
rural municipalities in Poland
local fee
market fee
local and spa fee
advertising fee
dog ownership fee
Opis:
The article examines the scope of using local fees by Polish rural municipalities in the years 2015–2020. The first section contains a literature review, definitions and functions of local fees. The second one focuses on the powers of the local councils to establish local fees and their construction. Next, the results of the research conducted to verify the hypotheses are presented. The article concludes with recommendations which may encourage municipalities to collect local fees.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2021, 1(65); 203-227
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakter ekologiczny opłaty produktowej
Ecological character of a product fee
Autorzy:
Wróblewska, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
opłata
opłata produktowa
opłata ekologiczna
fee
product fee
environmental fee
Opis:
W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonano analizy opłaty produktowej ponoszonej w przypadku niezapewnienia wymaganego poziomu zbierania zużytych baterii i zużytych akumulatorów przenośnych. Ponadto podjęto próbę zdefiniowania terminu „opłata produktowa”. W opracowaniu przedstawione zostały także cechy tej opłaty oraz jej rola jako rodzaju opłaty ekologicznej. Podstawową metodą badawczą jest metoda analityczna uzupełniona przez metodę dogmatyczno-egzegetyczną. Analizie poddano przede wszystkim poglądy wyrażone w literaturze przedmiotu. Ponadto odwołano się do wykładni przepisów ustawy z dnia 24 kwietnia 2009 r. o bateriach i akumulatorach. Źródłem danych empirycznych były raporty o funkcjonowaniu gospodarki bateriami i akumulatorami oraz zużytymi akumulatorami sporządzone przez Głównego Inspektora Ochrony Środowiska za lata 2010-2014. W opracowaniu uwzględniono stan prawny na dzień 31 marca 2016 r.
The following paper analyzes the product fee incurred in case of not providing sufficient amount of collected waste batteries and waste portable rechargeable batteries. Moreover, the term “product fee” is also defined, as well as its features and function as a type of an environmental fee. The analytical method has been used as the primary research method, which has been supported by dogmatic and exegetical method. Mainly, the standpoints presented in the literature have been analyzed, and a reference has been also made to the interpretation of the Act of September 24, 2009 on batteries and rechargeable batteries. The main source of empirical data are the reports on the functioning of batteries and rechargeable batteries management and waste rechargeable batteries drawn up by the Chief Inspector for Environmental Protection for the years 2010-2014. The study takes into account the legal status as of March 31, 2016.
Źródło:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM; 2016, 6
2299-2774
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwość wyboru metody ustalania opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi
Choosing the method for determining the communal waste management fee
Autorzy:
Bajor-Stachańczyk, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
commune
waste
fee
Opis:
The Act on Maintaining Cleanliness and Order in Communes provides the basis for choosing the method of determining the fee based on several criteria. It also states that a communal council may apply various criteria differentiating the rates of payment. According to the current case law of the Supreme Administrative Court, the communal council has no right to introduce an additional criterion – within the chosen method of determining the fee – i.e. a division of households into categories depending on the number of tenants. Though, it cannot be excluded that there is a possibility to differentiate the fee calculated as a product of the number of tenants in the given real estate and the sum of the fee when applying the number of tenants as a criterion of differentiation. It has to be stressed that the stance of acceptance of such differentiation may be questioned by supervisory authorities.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2020, 1(65); 232-236
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwość poboru opłaty miejscowej od żeglarzy zawijających do portów lub przystani znajdujących się na wodach śródlądowych
The possibility of collecting a local fee from sailors calling at ports or harbours located in inland waters
Autorzy:
Kulicki, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
fee
tax
sailing
Opis:
Imposing an obligation for a port or a harbour administrators to collect a local fee from crew members of inland ships (yachts), which are mooring there, is not sufficiently legally grounded in the Act on Local Taxes and Fees. Inland ports and harbours are not generally classified as hotel facilities, and thus do not fulfill the provisions of this Act with regard to the existence of conditions enabling individuals to stay for tourism, recreation or training purposes in a locality, where local payment was imposed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 1(61); 205-220
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opłata planistyczna oraz opłata adiacencka – uzasadnienie aksjologiczne i analiza porównawcza
Zoning fee and betterment fee – axiological justification and comparative analysis
Autorzy:
Sulczewska, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
nieruchomość
opłata adiacencka
opłata planistyczna
property
zoning fee
betterment fee
Opis:
The article mentions the issues of levies which are indispensable for a better fulfilment of public goals. A comparative analysis was conducted in relation to zoning fee and betterment fee (due to real property division, due to construction of technical infrastructure appliances or a road, with the use of the financial means of the State Treasury, local government units or from the budget of the European Union, as well as due to real property integration or division). The text describes the legal bases for both payments and their genesis. This material became the basis for drawing necessary conclusions and it presented the differences and common features of these legal institutions.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCII (92); 129-147
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój sieci bankomatów w Polsce a opłaty interchange i surchange
ATM Network Development in Poland and ATM Interchange and Surcharge Fees
Autorzy:
Górka, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574690.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
automated teller machines
ATM
cash
payment card
interchange fee
surcharge fee
Opis:
The article sets out to assess the development of Poland’s network of automated teller machines (ATMs) after a series of reductions in ATM interchange fees in the Visa and MasterCard systems in 2010. The author aims to determine how these reductions have influenced the development of the country’s cash dispenser network and analyzes whether or not ATM owners should be allowed to impose special surcharges on cash withdrawals under law. Moreover, based on empirical research conducted in 2010 and 2009, the author estimates the savings for consumers and banks resulting from the use of ATMs. Thanks to cash dispensers, consumers save time, while banks and the economy as a whole save money, Górka notes. The research makes use of foreign market experience, especially that gained in the United States, and of theoretical models developed in various research reports. The specific features of the Polish market are also taken into account. The author outlines the advantages and disadvantages of ATM surcharges, pointing out that, under the current economic conditions in Poland, following the interchange fee reductions, passing laws regulating the permissibility of surcharges would be beneficial to the development of the country’s ATM network, especially in rural areas and small towns. The development of the ATM network benefits both consumers and banks, the author says. Poland is a country in which cash payments continue to dominate and consumers need to have access to banknotes and coins, while cash dispensers are a relatively cheap channel of distributing cash, Górka says. Based on macroeconomic data for 2009, the author estimates that Polish consumers saved 22.4 million hours that year by withdrawing cash in ATMs instead of at bank branches, which means that the average consumer and bank product user saved 1 hour. The total cost savings of the Polish economy from the use of ATMs stood at 1.63 billion zlotys (about 400 million euros). The estimated cost savings for banks were 1.34 billion zlotys (around 340 million euros), according to Górka. An analysis of the Polish market data shows that the reductions in the interchange fees collected from ATM cash withdrawal transactions have directly led to a sharp decline in the profitability of the ATM business for banks and independent ATM deployers, who have recently been the main driving force behind the development of the ATM network in Poland. In the case of Poland, the possibility of charging special ATM transaction convenience fees does not necessarily mean that such fees will be charged to consumers, while they would help stimulate the market, according to the author. At the moment, interchange fees are low, Górka says, which discourages both banks and independent ATM deployers from investing in the development of the ATM network despite consumer expectations.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 249, 7-8; 89-112
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rationalisation of Costs in the Collection, Segregation and Transport of Municipal Waste
Autorzy:
Zając, Paweł
Bajor, Ivona
Obrecht, Matevž
Ejdys, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
waste
mixed
sorting
fee
management
Opis:
The article contains answers to three "why" questions: - why the waste management system still does not bring the expected results, and the Polish state is one of the lowest-ranking in the European score regarding the amount of segregated waste; - why the sale of selected secondary raw materials and their material reuse in production processes do not cover the costs related to waste management; - why it does not bring additional profits. The article is based on research conducted in Wroclaw from 1998 to 2018. There is a cost model that can be adapted to similar cases. The article deals with removing organisational and/or technical reasons causing the stagnation of selective waste collection.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2023, 25; 312-328
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wynagrodzenie za świadczenie usług prawnych. Glosa częściowo krytyczna do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 3 czerwca 2019 r. (I NSNc 7/19, OSN IKNiSP 2020, nr 3, poz. 19)
Remuneration for the Provision of Legal Services: A Partially Critical Commentary on the Judgment of the Supreme Court of 3 June 2019 (I NSNc 7/19, OSN IKNiSP 2020, no. 3, item 19)
Autorzy:
Bucoń, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31344089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
success fee
attorney’s remuneration
fee amount
attorney-at-law
wynagrodzenie pełnomocnika
wysokość honorarium
radca prawny
Opis:
W glosowanym orzeczeniu Sąd Najwyższy potwierdził możliwość ustalania wysokości stawek za świadczenie usług prawnych w wysokości uzależnionej od wyniku sprawy (success fee). Przedmiotowe orzeczenie zasługuje na uwagę, gdyż ma doniosłe znaczenie dla praktyki prawniczej i judykatury w podobnych sprawach. Z jednej strony dotyka swobody kontraktowania w określeniu wysokości wynagrodzenia za usługę (w tym o zastępstwo procesowe), z drugiej zaś dotyczy ochrony zlecającego (często poszkodowanego wskutek czynu niedozwolonego). Nierzadko sam spór sądowy dotyczy roszczenia odszkodowawczego, którego domaga się poszkodowany czynem niedozwolonym. Mimo że Sąd Najwyższy nie odniósł się w uzasadnieniu wyroku do kwestii ustalenia górnej granicy wynagrodzenia za świadczenie usług prawnych (w szczególności wobec cywilnoprawnej instytucji wyzysku – art. 388 k.c., a także zasad współżycia społecznego – art. 5 k.c.), to w przeważającej mierze orzeczenie zasługuje na aprobatę.
Under the ruling which is the subject of this commentary, the Supreme Court confirmed the possibility to calculate the rates of legal-service fees in the amount depending on the result of a given case (a success fee). The said ruling deserves attention as it has a substantial importance for legal practice and case law in analogous matters. On the one hand, it refers to the freedom in determining the amount of remuneration for a given service (including court representation), and on the other hand, it addresses the issue of protecting the client (who is often an aggrieved party affected by a prohibited act). Litigation proceedings themselves often concern compensation claims filed by an aggrieved party affected by a prohibited act. Although the Supreme Court did not refer to the issue of establishing the upper limits of remuneration for legal services in the statement of reasons to the judgment (especially in relation to the civil law concepts of exploitation – Article 388 of the Civil Code, as well as the rules of social conduct – Article 5 of the Civil Code), the decision, in its essential part, deserves approval.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2023, 32, 5; 445-454
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy polski model pośrednictwa ubezpieczeniowego jest moralnie poprawny?
Is the Polish Model of Insurance Market Morally Fair?
Autorzy:
Stanny, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/468798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
broker
agent
insurance market
brokers fee transparency
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present the problem of moral fairness of Polish insurance market. According to Polish law and Polish Brokers Code Of Conduct broker should act for the benefit of insured individuals. However, the fact that brokers are paid a courtage (broker fee) by insurers allows to doubt whether brokers always act genuinely for the benefit of their customers. Two different answers to the question were analysed: one suggested by P. Sukiennik and the other offered by J. Kliszcz. P. Sukiennik claims that broker fee must be transparent for clients. He thinks that the transparency results in lowering the total amount of commission and finally it increases the quality of brokerage. J. Kliszcz insists that nowadays regulation is sufficient in guarantying clients’ interests. He maintains that a client is not interested in getting to know the broker fee, but in lowering the total price of service. From the ethical point of view one can say that both authors tacitly accept the utilitarian perspective. However, they judge differently the existing practices and thus give different prescriptions.
Źródło:
Prakseologia; 2010, 150; 231-239
0079-4872
Pojawia się w:
Prakseologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Actual rate of the management fee in mutual funds of different styles
Autorzy:
Perez, Katarzyna
Szymczyk, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
actual rate of the management fee
before-fee fund return
mutual fund operating model
mutual fund styles
Opis:
Research background: Exponential growth of passive mutual funds after 2007?2008 global financial crisis put pressure on active fund managers to lower the management fees. The real costs of active fund management are, however, very often higher than the values of management fees reported publicly. Thus it is not easy to decide on the quality of the fund management and estimate the level of management charges optimal for the future fund performance. Purpose of the article:  In this study, we propose to utilize an actual rate of the management fee (ARMF) disclosed in the management company financial statements as a measure of the real value of the management costs and investigate its determinants in mutual funds of different styles. Methods: Using a dataset of 21,618 monthly observations for 500 mutual funds from a market of diversified structure and high management fees charged we test the operating model of a mutual fund performance, and derive the formula of a before-fee return with the ARMF as its component. The fund performance is measured by a raw before-fee return and two types of risk-adjusted alphas based on the multifactor model of Carhart (1997) and the fund attributes. Later, using panel data we explain ARMF by mutual fund performance and attributes. We also compare the results to the ones obtained for the total operational cost (TOC) ? a value similar to ARMF that is disclosed in mutual fund financial reports. Findings & value added: We find that the proposed ARMF is related more to the size and not to the performance, age or a cash flow of mutual funds. We observe it among all studied fund styles. The largest deviations of the average ARMF are seen in the management companies that belong to the banks? capital groups. The proposed measure of the management fee included in the operating model of a mutual fund performance can be used for any local mutual fund worldwide, and compared with other fund markets of more or less diversified style structures.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 4; 969-1014
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 113

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