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Wyszukujesz frazę "exile," wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
KOBIETY – „NOWY” TYP IMIGRANTA WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ EUROPIE
THE WOMEN – A „NEW” KIND OF MIGRANTS IN MODERN EUROPE
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz-Pisarska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
migration
gender
feminization
exile
Opis:
The suggestion included in the title of the article is a kind of provocation for the readers. Obviously, it isn’t a truth that women’s migration is a new issue in Europe and in the world. What is more, the women also don’t create any particular group or category in the waves of imigrants who pour in UE. The text and its title should rather serve as a pretext to further discussion about present flows in the new waves of refugee. The text should also help to put some information in order. It allowes deeper understand why the phenomenon of feminization the migration is a natural concomitant for all waves of migration in XXI century. Moreover, some information can explain why the women’s migration has a significant influence on European society. The feminization of the migration is also a clear sight of modern changes and a obvious proof of transformation women’s position in the world.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2017, 9, 3; 81-102
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Das Instytut Polsko-Skandynawski in Kopenhagen (IPS). Ein Überblick
The Polish-Scandinavian Institute in Copenhagen (IPS)
Autorzy:
Ekdahl, Sven
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194232.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
emigration
exile
the Polish University in Exile
cultural transfer
scientific transfer
Polska
Scandinavia
Opis:
The article presents the history and achievements of the Polish-Scandinavian Institute in Copenhaguen. Its history is connected with the history of the Polish emigration during WWII and afterwards. As early as 1939 the historian Oskar Halecki set up the Polish University in Exile. In 1952 this university received full academic rights. In connection with the significant number of postwar Polish emigrants in Scandinavian countries, particularly after 1956 and 1968, there appeared an idea to establish a scientific institute there. Eventually, the decision to set up such an institute in Copenhaguen was made. In 1971 the Scientific-Research Laboratory was set up, which two years later was connected with the Polish University in Exile. The day of 3 October 1985 is the official date of the establishment of the Polish-Scandinavian Institute. At present, it consists of fifteen ordinary members and ten correspondence members. It deals with the research on the historical and cultural connections between Poland and Scandinavia. The Institute gives awards and medals for the research conducted in this field; it organizes conferences and prepares publications.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 193-199
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Экзистенциализм Витольда Гомбровича и Георгия Иванова
Existentialism of Witold Gombrowich and Georgij Ivanov
Autorzy:
Malcew, Leonid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Gombrowich
Ivanov
existentialism
exile literature
Opis:
In the present article a comporative analysis of the novel Ferdidurke by Gombrowich and the story Disintegration of Atom by George Ivanov that were published at the same time and that were interpreted as an artistic realization of the existential ideals is offered. An analysis of philosophic sense of these works is based on aesthetic antinomism of Berdayev who told the difference between an synthetic and an analytic types in modernist art of the XXth century.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2015, 1, XX; 75-81
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Expulsions from the ‘Congress’ Kingdom of Poland and Galicia as Seen from Personal Accounts (1914–18)
Autorzy:
Sierakowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
First World War
exile
refugees
Opis:
The article discusses the refugees’ life during the Great War, focusing on the living conditions on their route to and in exile. The aim here is to grasp the experience that the refugees underwent when they were still uncertain of their future, and when they were venturing into the unknown without being aware of where their journey would take them. The source material concerns refugees who fled from the ‘Congress’ Kingdom of Poland and Galicia to central Russia and western part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. It involves personal documents, especially those created during this exile experience, and the accounts included in the press, notably in Ognisko Polskie. The evidence presented in the article shows that the exile was among the most traumatic war events. It also demonstrates that the flight and exile affected various groups in different ways. Children and elderly persons were most vulnerable and most likely to suffer damage to their health or even to lose their lives. It was particularly difficult for them to endure adverse weather conditions and malnutrition. They were also more prone to contagious diseases, especially typhus and cholera. The stay in the barracks camps established in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was another difficult experience. Especially initially the camps were not fi t for housing so great a number of people of different age and gender. Finally, the analysis of personal documents shows the use of different survival strategies in the exile. The refugees showed much determination in finding employment or seeking compensation and various benefits; and there was a significant social mobilization to organize assistance to the refugees.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 113
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Profesor Tadeusz Sulimirski, współorganizator szkolnictwa polskiego na uchodźstwie w latach 1941–1947
Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski: co-organiser of Polish education in exile, 1941–1947
Autorzy:
Chmielewski, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
exile
education
management
schools
initiatives
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the achievements of Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski, an archaeologist, in reference to organising and managing Polish education in exile, 1941–1947. The biographical method prevails in this research paper, presenting one of the leading figures in the Office of Education and School Affairs, as well as the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment of the Polish government in exile. Tadeusz Sulimirski launched numerous initiatives aimed at developing and streamlining all the forms of Polish education in exile. He cooperated very closely with General Józef Haller. He devoted much attention to developing Polish higher education in exile. Once the Polish government in London was no longer recognised by the British government, Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski became head of the Department of Education, formed on 7 July 1945, of The Interim Treasury Committee for Polish Questions established by the British. He demonstrated great creativity and organizational skills, while very competently coordinating the gradual discontinuation of Polish education in Great Britain and, to some extent, in some of the British dominions. He took great care of the financial situation of Polish students in Great Britain and in the Middle East. He also received students and schools from General Władysław Anders’ Polish II Corps evacuated from Italy to Great Britain. In the post-war years he was an active member of Polish academic circles. He greatly contributed to the development of Polish education in exile and to establishing Polish identity among war refugees.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2019, 40; 97-127
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"This intellectual world has to itself, that sometimes it becomes for the soul, what air, food and drinks are for the body” – bibliophile in exile. Literary correspondence of Gustaw Zieliński
"Ten bowiem świat intelektualny ma to do siebie, że czasem tym się staje dla duszy, czym są dla ciała powietrze, pokarmy i napoje” – bibliofil na zesłaniu. Korespondencja literacka Gustawa Zielińskiego]
Autorzy:
Król, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
literary criticism
exile
libraries and exile collections
krytyka literatury
zesłanie
biblioteki i księgozbiory zesłańcze
Opis:
Zieliński wrote in a letter to Orpiszewski: “since we have inadvertently entered into literary correspondence with each other, it will be a pleasure for me to extend it, considering it is a subject that I have always liked to talk and write about.” He was a book lover from his early youth. This is evidenced by the notes published in the youthful diary (Gustaw Zieliński Diaries of My Life ms. 777. Department of Special Collections, Zielińscy Library in Płock). He did not abandon this passion during his Siberian exile. Literature, not only in his case, but also other exiles, became a kind of sacrum, and brought the illusion of normality. Hence, the substantial role played by the exile book collections. The role of Piotr Moszyński, or the successor to his initiative, Onufry Pietraszkiewicz, has been recognised in this matter. Zieliński did not create a large collection of books during the exile. He did not do that until he had returned. But the correspondence with Orpiszewski shows how he helped the exiles staying in provinces remote to Poland, to satisfy their need for contact, not only with Polish literature though, and his correspondence reflections are becoming notes from a literary critical discussion.
Zieliński w liście do Orpiszewskiego napisał: „Ponieważ niechcący weszliśmy z sobą w literacką korespondencję bardzo mi przyjemnie będzie nadal ją przedłużyć, tym więcej, że to jest przedmiot, o którym zawsze i rozprawiać i pisać lubiłem”. Miłośnikiem książek był od wczesnej młodości. Świadectwem tego są zapiski zamieszczone w młodzieńczym Dzienniku (G. Zieliński, Dzienniki mojego życia, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych. Biblioteka im. Zielińskich w Płocku, rkps. 777). Na syberyjskim zesłaniu pasji tej nie porzucił. Literatura, nie tylko w jego przypadku, ale i innych zesłańców, stawała się swoistym sacrum, przynosiła iluzję normalności. Stąd ogromna rola, jaką odgrywały zesłańcze księgozbiory. Znana jest w tej dziedzinie rola Piotra Moszyńskiego czy spadkobiercy jego inicjatywy Onufrego Pietraszkiewicza. Zieliński nie stworzył na zesłaniu ogromnego księgozbioru. Uczynił to dopiero po powrocie. Ale korespondencja z Orpiszewskim pokazuje, w jaki sposób pomagał zesłańcom przebywającym w oddalonych od Polski guberniach zaspokoić potrzebę kontaktu i to nie tylko z polską literaturą, a jego korespondencyjne refleksje stają się notatkami z dyskusji krytycznoliterackiej. 
Źródło:
Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego; 2018, 10; 11-30
0860-5637
2657-7704
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
En quête de soi, enquête sur soi. Représentations du vagabond dans Fuir (1988) de Linda Lê
In search of itself, inquiry into itself. Representations of vagrant in Fuir (1988) de Linda Lê
Autorzy:
Assier, Julie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Werset
Tematy:
vagrancy
wandering
disillusion
suicide
writing
exile
Opis:
In Fuir, Linda Lê features two characters – a vagrant nicknamed “Le Japonais” and the narrator, exiled to an unnamed Asian country – that seem to be re-cognized for what they are : lonely beings in search of an alter ego. Their improbable than astonishing meeting marks the beginning of a wandering both geographical and mental; the reader follows through the streets, alleys, driveways, sidepaths, pedestrian streets of indeterminate city symbolizing the maze of life whose meaning is to be decoded. The figure of the vagabond reflects the obsessions and concerns of the writer on his anguish of living. It also crystallizes its founding and formative reading, including the Romanian philosopher Emil Cioran and the Swedish writer Stig Dagerman who greatly influenced in the writing and the construction of her novel. Fuir is both a question about the absurdity of life and a metaphor for the condition of the exiled writer.
Źródło:
Quêtes littéraires; 2014, 4; 147-155
2084-8099
2657-487X
Pojawia się w:
Quêtes littéraires
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’absence d’un frère dans Le Dicôlon de Yannis Kiourtsaki
The absence of a brother in Le Dicôlon of Yannis Kiourtsakis
Autorzy:
Premat, Christophe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Werset
Tematy:
loneliness
Odyssey
absence
exile
death
Kiourtsakis
Opis:
Yannis Kiourtsakis wrote Le Dicôlon, an autobiographical novel which describes all the important events for the Kiourtsakis family throughout the twentieth century. The novel is written under the spell of the author’s brother’s absences as he committed suicide. The experience of an irremediable loss echoes the collective destiny of Greece. The article focuses on the conditions of the staging of this loss with an analysis of different types of narration. In which way is the autobiographical genre affected by the writing of the death?
Źródło:
Quêtes littéraires; 2012, 2; 134-143
2084-8099
2657-487X
Pojawia się w:
Quêtes littéraires
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapomniana śpiewaczka – Maria Karasińska
Maria Karasińska – a forgotten artist
Autorzy:
Milewska-Młynik, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/687598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
deportacja
przesiedlenie
zesłanie
deportation
resettlement
exile
Opis:
What Maria Karasińska has left behind, is a short diary “Memories from Siberia” (May 1940 – May 1946). It tells the reader that she was born in Lviv on March 25, 1914 and wanted to be pianist. Having graduated from high school, she started learning singing and piano at the Lviv Conservatoire. The war interrupted her education, and in 1940 (more specifically, the night of 12/13 April) she was deported with her family to Kazakhstan, to the East Kazakhstan Region. Karasińska, who was frail and feeble, had to perform heavy physical work, such as carrying heavy wet peat. Despite a series of sad experiences, diseases and death of her relatives, she persevered. She returned to Poland in June 1946 and continued to learn singing at the age of 33. For twenty five years or so, she gave concerts as a soloist at the Mining Philharmonic, later renamed the Silesian Philharmonic. She died on August 15, 2005 in Zabrze. She is remembered as a highly popular and respected artist.
Źródło:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku; 2017, 18; 21-36
2450-6796
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spacing of Memory in The Book of My Lives by Aleksandar Hemon*
Spacing of Memory in The Book of My Lives by Aleksandar Hemon
Autorzy:
Durić, Dejan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
life-writing
exile
memory
space
place
Opis:
The paper examines the memoir The Book of My Lives by Bosnian-American writer Aleksandar Hemon. This non-fiction work explores the author’s childhood in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the collapse of Yugoslavia, and then his exile experience in Canada and the United States after the outbreak of the war. Through the prism of memory, the book deals with the subject of exiles, uprootedness and efforts to start a new life in a new environment. Being an autobiographical record, The Book of My Lives lends itself to the examination of the issue of exile and memory issues, which is one of the two themes of this paper. The second concerns the understanding of the relationship between memory and space. The paper seeks to show how the spatial dimension is also important for the creation of memory because memories represent an essential factor for the transformation of abstract space into a particular place.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2019, 16; 101-122
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz uchodźstwa w Bibliijako impuls etyczny dla Kościołów dzisiaj
The Biblical Image of the Exile as an Ethical Impulse for the Churches Today
Autorzy:
Hintz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburska w Gdańsku z siedzibą w Sopocie
Tematy:
Exile
Bible
Biblical Migrants
Protestant Ethics
Opis:
The problem of global exile belongs to the most discussed challenge of the recent generation. There were more than 46 mln people in the world in status of migrant in the year 2014. The article is an attempt to find a biblical perspective and answers for one of the vital geopolitical issue of the present-day civilization. There are some topos-persons in the books of the Old Testament who could be de-scribed as migrants and pilgrims. The most important of them are Moses and King David as well as prophets Elijah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel. In the New Testament, the most famous image of exile could be found in the story of Jesus’ Childhood. The postmodern human being is often described as homo viatorum, but the real need of millions of people is to find their own home, the place on the earth when they can feel safe. The biblical impulse for the recent ethical debate is based on the Semitic prescription of hospitality. To be in solidarity with migrants is an ethical claim for European citizens.
Źródło:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki; 2016, 10; 89-101
1898-1127
Pojawia się w:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Il Fattore esilio nella cultura risorgimentale: un bilancio 150 e più anni dopo
The Exile Factor in the Risorgimento’s Culture: an Analysis 150 and More Years Later
Czynnik Zesłania W Kulturze Okresu Risorgimento: Analiza 150 I Więcej Lat Później
Autorzy:
Tatti, Silvia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Exile
Italian Literature
National identity
Risorgimento
Opis:
The article investigates the new interpretations (associated with the celebrations of the 150 years of Unità) of Italian exile during the Risorgimento, and it offers three perspectives: a geographical mapping of Italian exiles’ different generations; a reflection about topics of poems and writings; the relationship between politics and literary tradition.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2016, 2; 149-157
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Upublicznienie dzienników urzędowych wydanych przez władze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie w latach 1939–1990 w kontekście obowiązującego porządku prawnego, z uwzględnieniem m.in. Konstytucji kwietniowej
Publication of Official Journals issued by Polish authorities in exile in 1939–1990 in the context of the current legal order (regarding the Polish Constitution of 1935)
Autorzy:
Górski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
authorities on exile
Journal of Laws
Opis:
The author presents historical a background and events which led to the existence of the Polish authorities on exile as well as publications of Polish legal acts during the World War II, in the post-war period and nowadays. The author claims that omitting the Polish legislation from the period of 1939–1945 in official journal proves an unjustifiable refuse to regard the legality of the Polish authorities in exile during those years. A solution to that issue has been given in the article. The Authors suggests that the Government Legislation Centre’s should publish legal acts from that period as well as subsequent acts issued by the Polish authorities in exile. In the author’s opinion these acts form a part of the Polish legal system.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 252-260
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La huida en el cuento cubano de los noventa
Autorzy:
Redruello, Laura
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Neofilologii
Tematy:
Revolution
short story
exile
Novísimos
Cuba
Opis:
The article is capturing the political, economic, and social content that gave birth to the massive immigration from the island. The text presents the differences that can be perceived in the literary works of two generations of Cuban writers that, although they lived during the same time period, reacted differently to the phenomenon of the departure and exile. The article explores the nuances that the concept of “the departure” has on the stories of a group of young writers, named “Novísimos”. These writers suffered the worst years of the economic crisis, the “Special Period” during the nineties. This generation wrote about “escaping” as a reoccurring theme in their literature to show how it was to live with that environment and the disenchantment with a Revolution that didn’t give them more options than disruption with an unsuccessful project.
Źródło:
Itinerarios; 2016, 24; 7-24
1507-7241
Pojawia się w:
Itinerarios
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Note su Foscolo e la lingua inglese (1816–1827)
Autorzy:
Caselli, Chiara Piola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Ugo Foscolo
English language
translations
exile
Opis:
Notes on Foscolo and the English language (1816–1827) – Foscolo never managed to master his host country’s language during his years of exile in London (1816–1827). The vast production of his English years consists almost entirely of works intended to be translated by other people and thus to be considered as provisional drafts. In this paper, the relationship between Foscolo and the English language is analysed and discussed, focusing in particular on his interactions with his translators and on his linguistic vision.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2019, 2; 181-190
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O dynamizmie obrazów. Podstawowe kategorie estetyczne w koncepcji obrazu Věry Linhartovej
Autorzy:
Palich, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/638651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Věra Linhartová, image, movement, poetry, theory of art, theory of literature, exile, Czech literature in exile
Opis:
On Dynamism of Images. Primary Aesthetic Categories in Věra Linhartová’s Concept of Image The aim of this paper is to argue the thesis that the theory of art and literature postulated by Věra Linhartová, a Czech writer, art and literary theorist who has been living in exile in France since 1968, is based on two significant categories – spatiality and movement. While both notions are strictly entwined with each other, it is the movement that plays the role of the key denominator in Linhartová’s theoretical and literary works which is pointed out by the author herself in her essay For an Ontology of Exile (1994). Due to a twofold – expository and comparative – character of the study, it is structured as an open and complementary diptych. First of all, drawing on Linhartová’s interpretative and theoretical essays, the analysis strives to retrace her individual and peculiar vision of image. The exposition of Linhartová’s methodological approach serves as the starting point for the comparison and contrast between her theory and methodological concepts concerning the theory of image – mainly Georges Didi-Huberman’s idea of image. The paper concludes with an opening to further analysis and interpretation of Linhartová’s theoretical and literary texts.
Źródło:
Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2013, 8, 3
2084-3933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modus exprese osobní paměti v literárním textu
Modus of Expression of Personal Memory in the Literary Text
Autorzy:
Papoušek, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
personal memory
speech acts
exile
intentional acts
Opis:
The main thesis of the author of this study is the opinion that so called personal memory transformed into the literary text is not in any case the representation of past reality of individual. So called personal memory in literature is always set of speech acts with evident intention of narrator. This thesis the author prooved on text of four czech exile authors – Hostovsky, Souckova, Barenyi and Kundera.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2019, 16; 209-226
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciągłość państwa polskiego – publikacja dzienników urzędowych wydanych przez władze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie w latach 1939–1990
The light of the problem of continuity of the Polish State – publication of Official Journals issued by Polish authorities in exile in the years 1939–1990
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Polish authorities in exile
Journal of Laws
Opis:
Polish authorities in exile issued legal acts which had been published in the “Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland” and the “Monitor Polski”. The Official Gazette of the Republic of Poland”. However, contemporary legal acts are issued by those authorities in the form of annexes or selections of documents. According to the Author, publication of legislative achievements of state authorities in exile connects the system of a Polish State, which functioned in exile on the legal basis of Constitution of 23rd April 1935, with the contemporary legal system, thus it constitutes preservation of continuity of a Polish State.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2017, 2(54); 11-28
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Artysta na obrzeżach świata, czyli wszyscy jesteśmy Odyseuszami. Kilka refl eksji ogólnych w nawiązaniu do Cycerona, Owidiusza i Seneki
Autorzy:
Wesołowska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Odysseus
Cicero
Ovid
Seneca
exile
centre
periphery
Opis:
Th e paper discusses three grand personalities of antiquity: Cicero, Ovid and Seneca in the circumstances of their exile, Th eir attitudes to the punishment received (whose severity varied) were diverse. Nevertheless, all they left a trace in the shape of literary works and letters. Upon reading, one discovers ambiguous attitudes towards their per-sonal misfortunes. Finally, the situation of the exiles and their return may be compared with the archetypal fi gure of Odysseus.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2010, 1-2; 141-147
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The End of the Myth of the Cuban Exile? Current Trends in Cuban Emigration
Autorzy:
Dembicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Cuba
exile
Cuban diaspora
myth
Roland Barthes
Opis:
Cuban migrants are considered as and referred to as exiles. However, in the face of the economic transformations in Cuba, as well as the rapprochement between the U.S. and Cuba, it has become necessary to revise the epistemological and semiotic foundations of this phenomenon. The current migratory trends among the Cubans do not meet the definition of exiles. Thus, the title of this article reflects the research assumption and the principal aim that the current circumstances in Cuba, as well as the migratory flows of Cubans mark the decline of the myth of the Cuban exile; a myth built by the media.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2020, 25, 1; 75-88
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struggling with the past and the experience of war trauma in Henryk Truskowski’s recollections
Autorzy:
Maciąg-Lipińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31803976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Ośrodek Pamięć i Przyszłość
Tematy:
PTSD
trajectory of suffering
trauma
exile
Siberia
Opis:
The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the experience of suffering and trauma can be presented in biographical narratives. This topic, although increasingly present in literature and the media, often remains discussed in a cursory manner: in order to comprehend trauma and its consequences, one needs to consider the sum of an individual’s experience, that is, their entire life. This article examines such a comprehensive biographical account of Henryk Truskowski, recorded on 23 May 2017 in Olsztyn by Anna Maciąg as part of the project Remembering the trauma of the Second War in the spoken accounts of the inhabitants of Warmia and Mazury.
Źródło:
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej; 2023, 13; 168-197
2719-7522
2084-0578
Pojawia się w:
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postulates and Proposals of Members of the Polish Government-in-Exile for Poland’s Economic Security in the Context of the Reconstruction of the State in 1944–1945: Selected Examples
Autorzy:
Landmann, Tomasz
Olbrycht, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
economy
state reconstruction
the Polish Government-in-Exile
Opis:
The article aims to indicate selected, postulated directions of Poland’s economic recovery in the early years after World War II, considering the contribution made by the Polish Government-in-Exile (Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile). The analysis includes a query of archival documents from 1944–1945 and a review of scientific literature. The thesis has been put forward that the substantive developments from the years 1944–1945 prepared by the Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile may constitute a valuable cognitive source for the analysis of possible directions of reconstruction and development of the Polish economy after the destruction caused by the events of World War II. It has been shown that the Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile created numerous studies on the economic recovery of the country after World War II, even before the armed conflict formally ended. Many of the valuable guidelines referred to the reconstruction and development of the coal mining industry, oil industry, and forest management.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2023, 44 (51); 27-54
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“This Emigrant Fate of His”: On Włodzimierz Odojewski’s Short Story Collection …i poniosły konie
Autorzy:
Dudka, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Odojewski
exile
emigration
fate
Volhynia
Podolia
short stories
Opis:
Włodzimierz Odojewski is one of the most famous émigré writers who still deals with the topic of emigration, even in his books published long after hisboth symbolic and real return to the homeland. Significant extension and dwelling on the said topic can be observed in the book …i poniosły konie […and the horses bolted]. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the short stories gathered in the volume (published in 2006) from the perspective of the biographical context, the rest of Odojewski’s writings, as well as his opinions on various aspects of exile. Such interpretation reveals a more existential and internalized dimension of emigration but also its universal meanings. Thus, emigration is considered to be a metaphor of human fate.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2020, 1; 498-518
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks on Ovid and the Golden Age of Augustus
Uwagi o Owidiuszu i złotym wieku Augusta
Autorzy:
Łukaszewicz, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1045750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Ovid
Augustus
golden age
exile
Metamorphoses
lurida aconita
Opis:
Publius Ovidius Naso was an outstanding poet of the Augustan age who after a period of successful activity was suddenly sent to exile without a formal judicial procedure. Ovid wrote frivolous poems but inserted into his works also the obligatory praises of Augustus. The standard explanation of his relegation to Tomis is the licentious content of his Ars Amatoria, which were believed to offend the moral principles of Augustus. However, the Ars had been published several years before the exile. The poet himself in his Pontic writings mentions an unspecified error and a carmen, pointing also to the Ars, without, however, a clear explanation of the reason for his fall. The writer of the present contribution assumes that the actual reason for the relegation of the poet without a trial were the verses of his Metamorphoses and especially the passage about the wicked stepmothers preparing poison. That could offend Livia who, according to gossip, used poison to get rid of unwanted family members. Ovid was exiled, but the matter was too delicate for a public justification of the banishment. When writing ex Ponto the poet could not explicitly refer to the actual cause of his exile.
Źródło:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2019, 29, 2; 37-56
0302-7384
Pojawia się w:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simuliranje demokracije: emancipacija demokratske krize u esejistici Dubravke Ugrešić
Simulating Democracy: Emancipation of Democracy Crisis in Dubravka Ugrešić’s Essays
Autorzy:
Marot Kiš, Danijela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Dubravka Ugrešić
democracy
ideology
post-Yugoslav society
exile
Opis:
One of the central notions of the post-Yugoslav literature is the status of democracy in national states formed after the breakup of Yugoslavia. From the perspective of the exile, not only as banishment, but also as a liberating outside view into the once common social, cultural and political space, the post-Yugoslav writers question the social democracy praxis in their former home states comparing it to the social practices in the states of their current residence. In her books of essays, Dubravka Ugrešić ironizes different forms of social ideology in Croatia from the beginning of nineteen-nineties. Her writing recognizes the standards of European democracy accompanied with the ideological view into the questions of social rights, religion and language as the stumbling block of modern society. Ugrešić describes democracy as a notion hiding different things: the praxis of ruthless capitalist exploitation, loss of media freedom, media manipulation, the censorship of corporate capitalism, production of lies, modern slavery... (Don’t take it personal, 2014), validating in her essays the importance of literature in disclosure of autocracy masked as democracy.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2019, 17; 101-116
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Homeland and Emigration. Tuwim’s Struggle for Identity
Autorzy:
Trepte, Hans-Christian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/650003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Julian Tuwim
Jewish-Polish identity
Polonität
exile
language
Opis:
Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer. Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II, Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2016, 36, 6
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Viaje maldito en “La universidad desconocida”, de Roberto Bolaño
Cursed travel in Roberto Bolaño’s "La Universidad Desconocida"
Autorzy:
Gómez, Leila
Tuninetti, Ángel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
exile
poetry
travel
university
Mexico
Barcelona
cursed poet
Opis:
This paper focuses on the seldom studied poetry of Roberto Bolaño, using "La Universidad Desconocida", the exhaustive compilation published posthumously in 2007. Although Bolaño received wide recognition and many awards for his novels, he defined himself as a poet. In his poetry, we find the same topics and tendencies that he developed in the characters and plots of his narratives. A prime example is "Los detectives salvajes", a novel about a group of young rebel poets in the Mexico of the seventies. Bolaño’s poet characters, as well as his travels, exiles and criticisms of the literary establishment, take on a new light when compared alongside his poetry. this article explores the modes of poetic production as understood by Bolaño, as a way of life outside universities, the literary canon, and any other institutional networks. Instead, his poetic production is marked by the figure of Arthur Rimbaud as the archetype of the cursed poet.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2013, 40, 2; 63-73
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nostalgia for a Lost Home: Exile and Trauma in Lucette Lagnado’s Memoirs
Autorzy:
Issaoui, Ichrak
Issaoui, Ilhem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
exile
trauma
Said
flashbacks
nightmares
memoirs
Caruth
Herman
Opis:
This paper seeks to study exile as a traumatic experience by focusing on the multiple manifestations of trauma in the memoirs of the Jewish-Egyptian writer Lucette Lagnado. Exile, in Edward Said’s view, “is the unhealable rift forced between a human being and a native place, between the self and its true home” (Said 2000: 173). Lagnado chose writing to voice the trauma of exile of the whole Jewish Egyptian community expelled from Egypt after the establishment of the state of Israel and the arrival of the Free Officers to power in 1952. In Lagnado’s memoirs, trauma re-surfaces in different places and times, through flashbacks and nightmares. These unwanted and suppressed memories reemerge involuntarily and keep Lagnado trapped in an ever-ending nostalgia. Both Caruth’s work on trauma and Herman’s analysis of the three stages of trauma recovery will help us better understand the place of trauma in Lagnado’s memoirs.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2021, 13; 21-30
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przesiedlenia ludności polskiej z ZSRR w latach 1920–1960
Repatriation of Poles from the USSR to Poland in 1920–1960
Autorzy:
Wyszyński, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14819878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
deportations
repatriation policy
repatriates
repatriation
exile
Soviet Union
Opis:
The aim of the article is to describe the Polish population transfers (resettlement, repatriation) from the historical, legal and demographic perspective. The main focus is placed on the post‑war migration. The paper begins with a brief introduction of the legal framework for resettlement of Polish citizens in the interwar period. Next, the author discusses the population transfers from the USSR (mostly from Lithuanian, Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSRs) to Poland in 1944–47. In the next section the population transfers in 1955–59 are covered.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2013, 2(34); 107-130
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poławiacze niespełnionych snów – dramatyczne losy afrykańskich imigrantów w literaturze Gwinei Równikowej
The Catchers of Unfulfilled Dreams – The Dramatic Fates of African Immigrants in the Literature of Equatorial Guinea
Autorzy:
Díaz-Szmidt, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:
diaspora
Equatorial Guinea
economic migration
literature
political exile
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to analyze the drama of African immigrants described in the works of writers and poets from Equatorial Guinea. The text is divided into three parts. In the first, I attempt to determine the usefulness of literature to study the problems associated with the phenomenon of migration today. In the second part, I characterize two distinct groups of postcolonial Guinean migrants: political refugees and economic migrants; I also deliberate about the legitimacy of describing them as diaspora. In the last, analytical part of this article, I explain the reasons for describing the representatives of both groups as “catchers of unfulfilled dreams” by presenting their dramatic fates reflected in the literature.
Źródło:
Afryka; 2016, 43; 53-72
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:
Afryka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
María Zambrano: a woman, a republican and a philosopher in exile
Autorzy:
PALOMAR GALDÓN, PATRICIA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
María Zambrano, exile, woman, Spanish philosophy, poetic reason
Opis:
The subject of this presentation is an attempt to understand the concept of exile in terms of the works of Spanish philosopher María Zambrano, a woman who left her country after the Spanish civil war and lived the life of an exile. This work focuses on the difficulties enco-untered by thinkers when they try to reflect on the experience of exile, and it aims to bring Zambrano’s thought on exile closer to her main philosophical concepts.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2013, 4, 2; 59-70
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontestacja à rebours. O pisarstwie i nie-pisarstwie Karla Michala
Contestation à rebours. On Writing and Non-Writing of Karel Michal
Autorzy:
Czernikow, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Karel Michal
exile literature
censorship
contestation
negation
identity
Opis:
The problem of transfer from the official to the unofficial culture is one of the most significant phenomena in the post-war Czech literature history. Resistance against the limitations on creative autonomy set by the government led to the emergence of particular contestation attitudes and to the creation of counterculture, understood as a dissident and exile culture, as well as the underground. In this landscape, Karel Michal’s position is peculiar and difficult to classify; his contestation is total, as it is pointed at not only the subordination of literature to norms set by the regime, but also at the expectations put on it by the dissident community. In texts which appeared during his exile, he presents an uncompromising approach to the issue of the engagement of literature and roles assumed by a writer arbitrarily. A consequence of his radical position is the growing imperative to not write, which leads to his complete withdrawal from literary life.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2014, 6
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Między ojczyzną i emigracją. Juliana Tuwima uwikłania (nie tylko) w tożsamość
Between Homeland and Emigration. Tuwim’s Struggle for Idenitity
Autorzy:
Trepte, Hans-Christian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Julian Tuwim
Jewish-Polish identity
Polonität
exile
language
Opis:
Julian Tuwim belongs to the pantheon of the greatest Polish writes of the 20th century. His Polish-Jewish descent, his attitude towards the Polish language, towards Jews in Poland, his political activities as an emigrant as well as his controversial involvement with the communist Poland still fuel many critical discussions. Polish language and culture were for him much more important than the categories of nation or state. However, whereas for Polish nationalists and antisemites Tuwim remained “only” a Jew, Jewish nationalists considered him a traitor. It was in exile that his attitude towards his Jewish countrymen began to change, especially after he learnt about the horror of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Thus, he began writing his famous, dramatic manifesto, We, the Polish Jews. After World War II , Tuwim came back to Poland, hoping to continue his prewar career as a celebrated poet. His manifold contributions to the development of the Polish language and literature, within the country and abroad, cannot be questioned, and the dilemmas concerning his cultural and ethnic identity only make him a more interesting writer.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2014, 26, 4
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Irish Speakers and their Experience of Emigration to North America
Autorzy:
Doyle, Aidan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1753689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
emigracja
Whorf
Miller
modalność
wygnanie
emigration
modality
exile
Opis:
In historical work on emigration from Ireland to the New World, it has become widely accepted that Irish speakers were more passive and fatalistic than English speakers, and that they felt that emigration was a form of exile. This article challenges this assumption. In the first part, it is shown that the linguistic argument for this claim lacks both theoretical and empirical foundations. The evidence for Irish, it is shown, does not indicate any passivity on the part of its speakers. In the second part of the article, accounts of life in America by Irish speakers are drawn upon. On the whole, these suggest that Irish speakers, like English speakers, had a wide range of experiences in their new environment. However, they fail to show that language played a significant role in any feelings of alienation among emigrants.
Doświadczenie emigracji do Ameryki Północnej przez użytkowników języka irlandzkiego Artykuł kwestionuje pogląd powszechny w historycznych opracowaniach emigracji z Irlandii do Nowego Świata jakoby osoby posługujące się językiem irlandzkim przyjmowały postawę bardziej bierną i fatalistyczną w porównaniu do osób anglojęzycznych oraz postrzegały emigrację jako formę wygnania. W części pierwszej, wykazano brak podstaw empirycznych i teoretycznych dla tego poglądu w oparciu o argumentację językową. Nie ma nic w języku irlandzkim co wskazywałoby na pasywność jego użytkowników. W drugiej części artykułu wskazano na opisy życia w Ameryce, z których wynika, że zarówno osoby mówiące w języku irlandzkim jak i angielskim miały szereg różnych doświadczeń w nowym środowisku.  Nie dostarczają one żadnych dowodów na istotny wpływ języka na zwiększenie poczucia alienacji wśród emigrantów.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2021, 69, 11 Zeszyt specjalny; 63-88
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
« De la poésie polonaise » d’Auguste Lacaussade et Le cimetière du Père Lachaise de Juliusz Słowacki
‘De la poésie polonaise’ by Auguste Lacaussade and Le cimetière du Père Lachaise by Juliusz Słowacki
Autorzy:
Pawłowska, Maja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-29
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Slowacki
Lacaussade
Polish poetry
romanticism
pain of exile
Opis:
Auguste Lacaussade, in his article ‘De la poésie polonaise’, has identified the relevant features of Polish romantic poetry: the originality and harmony of the language, the favourite themes (silence, shadow, ghosts, and the tendency to rise above the real) and the fundamental dominants (mysticism, patriotism, suffering and the pain of expatriation). All of these elements can be found in the poem Le cimetière du Père Lachaise by Juliusz Slowacki. It is obvious that the French poet was able to reach a wider and more general point of view, but with a literary insight uncommon at the time.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 17; 131-139
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi o kontekstach znaczeniowych pojęcia „repatriacja” z ZSRR oraz o nabywaniu z jej tytułu obywatelstwa polskiego
Some remarks on the contexts of meaning of the term „repatriation” from the USSR and the right that it gave to Polish citizenship
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/687609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
repatriacja
deportacja
przesiedlenie
zesłanie
repatriation
deportation
resettlement
exile
Opis:
The article shows the questions of repatriation and citizenship in Polish-Soviet relations. Not all of Polish migrations from the USSR in 20th century could be recognized as repatriation. That is why author categorizes different migrations as „repatriation” or „resettlement” according to legal and historical issues. The article explains the relation between the terms „repatriation” and „Polish citizen” in different periods of contemporary Polish history.
Źródło:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku; 2017, 18; 79-93
2450-6796
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
To Govern a Community of Refugees: Some Insights into the History of the Polish Refugee Administration in East Africa, 1942–1945
Autorzy:
Murkociński, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
DISPLACED PERSON
EAST AFRICA
POLISH GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE
REFUGEES
Opis:
The relocation of thousands of Polish refugees in East Africa in 1942 required a considerable effort to set up institutions capable of providing social and political care upon their arrival from Iran. Th e aim of this article is to give some insights into the tremendous task performed by the Polish officials to establish an effective administration in various British territories in Africa. Due to severe shortages of appropriate cadres the governmental agencies in refugee settlements and in Nairobi were understaffed and plagued by conflicts. The erosion of credibility of the Polish Government-in-Exile aft er the Yalta conference led to the gradual marginalization by the British of the refugees’ institutions in Africa. Nevertheless, the Polish administration in Africa survived the end of the war in 1945 and its structures functioned until the departure of the majority of Poles between 1948 and 1950.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2018, 44, 4 (170); 119-136
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Du Paria à l’Émigré : une typologie des vagabonds post-révolutionnaires
From the « Paria » to the « Emigré » : a typology of post-revolutionary wanderers
Autorzy:
Sert, Hugo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Werset
Tematy:
representations of exile
French revolution
Emigration
outcast
walking
wandering
Opis:
The « great detention » analysed by Michel Foucault shows the fear societies have of wanderers and tramps. During the wholeclassical period, political and religious elites try to lock up people who don’t have neither home nor work, thinking that they are a danger to society’s order. Arts and literature represent this threat, reinforcing the negativity of wandering and mobility in minds. However, there is a time in French history leading to question this doxa. A political revolution turns these representations round. The French Revolution changes the camp of suspicion towards wandering. Starting from 1789, old elites, ironically, find themselves out in the streets with nothing. These people, the Émigrés, are the ones creating literature during the revolutionary period. This phenomenonaffects writing at this time, and arises ethical and aesthetic questions. The texts written in exile trying to answer these questions create a new sensibility which is going to influence the minds of the 19th century.
Źródło:
Quêtes littéraires; 2014, 4; 18-27
2084-8099
2657-487X
Pojawia się w:
Quêtes littéraires
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’identité hybride d’un exilé à l’exemple de L’oublié d’Élie Wiesel
Hybrid identity of an exile on the example of The Forgotten by Élie Wiesel
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483756.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Wydawnictwo Werset
Tematy:
Élie Wiesel
exile
search for identity
Jewishness
cultural hybrid
Opis:
The present article discusses a hybrid identity of two main characters from the novel The Forgotten by Élie Wiesel. Having left Europe, Elhanan Rosenbaum settles down in the United States. Even though he adapts to his new surroundings, he perceives himself chiefly as a Jew. When he begins to suffer from an incurable disease that causes him to lose his memory, he compels his son, who was brought up in the USA, to go to Romania. The main goal of this trip is to rescue the memory of the past from oblivion: memory as an indicator of Jewishness. Moreover, thanks to the expedition, Malkiel succeeds to strengthen his own Jewish identity.
Źródło:
Quêtes littéraires; 2016, 6; 128-137
2084-8099
2657-487X
Pojawia się w:
Quêtes littéraires
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czego można nauczyć się z literatury dla dzieci, prezentującej dzieciństwo naznaczone doświadczaniem uchodźstwa?
Autorzy:
Anna, Józefowicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
literature for children
childhood
intercultural education
experience of exile
Opis:
After 2016, in Polish literature for children, there appeared a few significant books presenting childhood marked by the most current trauma, namely the experience of refugees. Reading these novels prompted me to ask important questions that I am trying to answer in this paper: How and for what purpose, should we discuss the subject of war trauma with children? How is refugee childhood presented in the analysed literature? How the analysed literature talks about the hardships of war exile refugee families and the “rebuilding” of the house and the whole world by them? I conducted an analysis and interpretation of books based on the assumptions of the concept of humanistic hermeneutics. Using the assumptions of intercultural education simultaneously, I paid attention to the sensitising potential of the analysed literature (development of empathy in the youngest, awakening of conscience, altruistic attitude, provoking discussion on how much we are attentive to the other person).
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2019, 64(1(251)); 113-125
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W oczekiwaniu na wyzwolenie. Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie o sytuacji międzynarodowej na przełomie lat czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych
Autorzy:
Tarka, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Polish Underground State
Polish government-in-exile Government of the Republic of Poland in exile
international situation
40s
50s
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2002, 2; 209-231
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EXILE IN OVID'S AND PHILIPPUS CALLIMACHUS' POETRY: BETWEEN POETICAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND LITERARY CREATION (Tulaczka i wygnanie w poezji Owidiusza i Filipa Kallimacha - miedzy poetycka autobiografia a kreacja literacka)
Autorzy:
Awianowicz, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/702877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
EXILE
NEO-LATIN POETRY
OVID
PHILIPPUS CALLIMACHUS
ROMAN ELEGY
Opis:
A comparison of the life and poetry of Ovid and of Philippus Callimachus (Filippo Buonaccorsi, 1437-1496) during their exile from Italy. Although there are some undeniable analogies between their fates on the whole, Callimachus' state of mind in exile, his relations with his new neighbours and the tone of his poetry are all quite different than Ovid's. All this is due especially to the fact that he found his new love and a new, quite well-educated audience in Poland.
Źródło:
Meander; 2007, 62, 3-4; 270-282
0025-6285
Pojawia się w:
Meander
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Władze RP na uchodźstwie o projekcie polsko-czechosłowackiej integracji w łatach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku
The Republic of Poland authorities in ехіlе on the project of Polish-Czechoslovak integration in the 1980s
Autorzy:
Zapart, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1961804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Republic of Poland authorities in exile
Polska
Czechoslovakia
integration
Opis:
The causes and circumstances of making a Polish-Czechoslovak declaration by immigrant representatives of the three enslaved nations of East-Central Europe in 1986 are discussed. The declaration pointed to an interest in a detailed form of cooperation in the future. The basis for signing it was the agreement between Sikorski's and Beneš's governments of 1942, in which the will to form a confederation within a post-totalitarian order in the region was expressed. History has shown that the political scenario realized later had not been written with considerable participation of the emigration circles. Analyzing the issue from the historical and politological-legal points of view the author makes an attempt at answering the question concerning the place of this document in the process of the systemic transformation that took place in the region at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2014, 35; 45-66
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doświadczenie wywózki i życia na zesłaniu w relacjach Polaków wywiezionych z Kresów w latach 1940–1941
The experience of deportation and life in exile in the stories of Poles displaced from the Kresy region (Polish borderlands) in 1940–1941
Autorzy:
Kość‑Ryżko, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14817983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
cultural adaptation
dehumanization
deportations
Kazakhstan
Siberia
cultural trauma
exile
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the experiences of Poles deported during the World War II to the Soviet Union. The paper is based on the analysis of stories told by the interviewed deportees. First, a general historical background on the large‑scale deportations is provided. The second part of the paper presents the stories describing the conditions of life in exile. The author discusses selected aspects of everyday life reality that Poles displaced to Kazakh SSR and Siberia encountered. Special attention is given to transportation to the place of exile, the places of settlement, fight for survival, as well as working and living conditions.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2013, 2(34); 25-49
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Droga na Syberię polskich kobiet na przykładzie: Ewy Felińskiej, Marii Morzyckiej i Jadwigi Prendowskiej
The road to Siberia for Polish women on the example of Ewa Felińska, Maria Morzycka and Jadwiga Prendowska
Autorzy:
Cedro, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/687642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Syberia
zesłanie
pamiętniki
Polki
Siberia
exile
diaries
Polish women
Opis:
The defeat of the January Uprising caused the Russian repression against the polish society. One of the hardest punishments was an exiled to Siberia – the place which was known as an uncivilized land with an extremely adverse climate. Among the exiles can be find as well as women. Part of them were penalized for their politician activity against Russian administration. They frequently acted as the conspirators, couriers involved in the struggle for independence. The second group of women were, the most frequently, the wives of the exiles, however there were as well as the daughters and the mothers. The aim of the article is to present the women’s journey in Siberia according to the memories of Jadwiga Prendowska and Maria Morzycka. First of them was penalized due to her independence activities, whereas the second one was sent in Siberia as a voluntary companion of her husband. The article is concerned on the similarity and the diffrences between these two women and their experiences of the journey to exile.
Źródło:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku; 2017, 17; 146-154
2450-6796
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Visite des évêques français en Pologne en 1924 à la lumière de dossier déposé par le Cardinal Dubois dans les archives historiques du diocèse de Paris
A visit of French Bishops to Poland in 1924 in the light of materials deposited by Cardinal Dubois (1856–1929) in the Historical Archives of the Diocese of Paris
Wizyta biskupów francuskich w Polsce w 1924 roku w świetle materiałów zdeponowanych przez kard. Dubois (1856-1929) w archiwum historycznym diecezji paryskiej
Autorzy:
Kłakus, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/784047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Dubois
Dalbor
Chaptal
Baudrillart
France
émigration
Francja
wychodźstwo
exile
Opis:
Na początku lat. 20. XX wieku wychodźstwo polskie we Francji liczyło ponad sto tysięcy ludności. W jego skład wchodzili głównie Polacy z Galicji oraz polscy górnicy z Westfalii. Pobyt we Francji traktowali oni jako tymczasowy, dlatego też domagali się zapewnienia opieki duszpasterskiej przez polskich księży. Jej organizacja była możliwa jedynie w porozumieniu z francuskimi władzami kościelnymi. Celem podpisania stosownej umowy Episkopat Polski zaprosił w 1923 roku francuskich biskupów do złożenia wizyty w Polsce. Miała ona miejsce w czerwcu 1924 roku pod przewodnictwem abp. Paryża. W archiwum diecezji paryskiej znajdują się materiały opisujące jej przebieg, a złożone przez kard. Dubois. Zapoznanie się z ich treścią pozwala lepiej poznać reakcje strony francuskiej w czasie i po zakończeniu podróży do II Rzeczypospolitej.
In the early 1920s, the Polish exile in France had a population of over one hundred thousand. It consisted mainly of Poles from Galicia and Polish miners from Westphalia. They treated their stay in France as temporary, and therefore demanded that Polish priests provided pastoral care. Its installation was only possible in consultation with the French church authorities. In order to sign the relevant agreement, the Polish bishops invited French bishops to visit Poland in 1923. The visit took place in June 1924 under the leadership of Archbishop of Paris. The archives of the Diocese of Paris contain materials describing this event, which were submitted by Cardinal Dubois. By reading their contents, one can learn more about the reactions of the French party during and after the visit to the Second Polish Republic.
À la fin 1923, plus de 100 000 Polonais étaient arrivés en France . Ce sont les aux agriculteurs de Galiceet les mineurs polonais de Westphalie et de la Rhénanie. Les Polonais considéraient leur séjour en France comme temporaire. Il est naturel que, attachés à la religion catholique enrichie de rites indigènes, ils demandent la pastorale des prêtres polonais. Le plus grand problème pour mener une pastorale polonaise en France c’était l’attitude du clergé français, qui s’est méfié des coutumes religieuses polonaises. Pour le primat de Pologne, la meilleure façon de familiariser les évêques français avec les spécificités de la pastorale polonaise était de les inviter à visiter la Pologne. Cette visite a eu lieu du 14 au 28 juin 1924. À Paris (archives historiques du diocèse de Paris) est conservé le dossier concernant la visite des évêques français en Pologne en 1924. La lecture des documents permet de connaitre les réactions des invités français pendant et après le voyage en Pologne.
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2020, 113; 221-236
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W poszukiwaniu asyryjskiej diaspory Izraelitów w Księdze Ezechiela
In Search for the Assyrian Israelite Diaspora in the Book of Ezekiel
Autorzy:
Pikor, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Księga Ezechiela
imperium asyryjskie
Asyria
wygnanie asyryjskie
wygnanie babilońskie
diaspora
Samaria
Book of Ezekiel
Assyrian Empire
Assyrian exile
Babylonian exile
Nippur
Diaspora
Opis:
The article deals with the argument of W. Chrostowski about the Assyrian Israelite Diaspora as a factor influencing the book of Ezekiel. First, the author verifies the Ezekielian texts evoked by Chrostowski as arguments for his thesis (garden of Eden motif; “the 30th year” in Ezek 1:1; subjects participating in the dispute about the possession of the promised land in Ezek 11:14-17; allusion to Samaria in Ezek 23; the vision of dry bones in Ezek 37:1-14). The second part of the article examines the possibility of existence of the Assyrian Diaspora in the light of biblical and extra-biblical sources. The analysis of the situation of the Israelites deported to Assyria after the fall of Samaria in 722 B.C.E. (especially in the context of the population and religion politics of the Assyrian Empire) permits to exclude the existence of the Assyrian Israelite Diaspora and the claim that it could not only preserve, but also deepen and strengthen its identity. The third part of the article argues that the audience of Ezekiel does not derive from the descendants of the Israelites exiled to Assyria. Thus, the book of Ezekiel is the testimony written for those who experienced the Babylonian exile only.
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 2012, 2, 1; 27-74
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Teraz nic nie wiadomo”. Apokalipsa niespełniona w Stacji Abbesses Stefanii Zahorskiej
Autorzy:
Jakub, Osiński,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Stefana Zahorska; independence emigration
Cold War
exile literature; nuclear criticism
Opis:
The article undertakes the analysis of social views on an atomic bomb in Stacja Abbesses by Stefania Zahorska. The author refers to the political context and proves that the forgotten short story is a literary voice of reason in the post-war discussion held in exile on the possibility of the outbreak of a new world conflict. However, this is also a fascinating record of the post-war state of the social consciousness of the nuclear threat, its course, effects etc., which can be regarded as the second thesis of the article.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2017, 61(1 (456)); 81-90
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exil und Erinnerung: Afrikaner schreiben Belletristik in deutscher Sprache
Autorzy:
Oloukpona-Yinnon, Adjaï Paulin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Germanistów Polskich
Tematy:
West Africans, belles lettres in German Language, exile, memory, messages
Opis:
The author talks about Black African writers who use the German language, but who have hardly been recognized so far. Their novels and poems are messages which remind us of African traditions and give an analysis of their often-difficult life in Germany.
Źródło:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten; 2014, 3, 2
2353-656X
2353-4893
Pojawia się w:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OBRAZ EMIGRACJI POLSKIEJ W PRASIE KRAJOWEJ Z LAT 1980-1989 (CZ. I)
THE PICTURE OF THE POLISH DIASPORA IN THE NATIONAL PRESS OF 1980-1989 (PART I)
Autorzy:
Kraszewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
POLISH PRESS
POLISH EMIGRATION
THE PICTURE OF THE POLISH EXILE
Opis:
Until the late seventies of the last century, the authorities of the People's Republic of Poland ,for political reasons, treated its citizens work trips to capitalist countries as an undesirable phenomenon, officially nonexistent. The information on Polish emigration of the time rarely appeared in the then press. The situation changed in the late 1980 and 1981 as a result of ongoing socio-political transformation. The press began to place reports on conditions of living outside Poland. Authors of a published material - depending on the political "inclination" of a newspaper where they were employed – either expressed sympathy for people’s fate in exile, or they mocked at their irrational decision to leave the country, or even accused of lack of patriotism and selling out to the "mammon", etc. The press releases at large, however, were characterized by considerable diversity both in a description of the exile as well as its assessment. The presented text attempts to reproduce the picture of the then Polish exile which Polish newspaper reader could have find in the official press.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2011, 37, 3(141); 49-66
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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