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Wyszukujesz frazę "ethyl chloride" wg kryterium: Temat

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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Analgesic effects of ethyl chloride spray in venepuncture – a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study
    Autorzy:
    Gur, Ali
    Cakmak, Fatma
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25102383.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    analgesia
    anesthesia
    ethyl chloride
    pain
    venepuncture
    Opis:
    Introduction and aim. This study evaluated whether ethyl chloride spray had an analgesic effect on pain intensity caused by venepuncture compared to a placebo. Material and methods. A total of 339 patients were randomly divided into two groups: The group in which ethyl chloride spray was applied (n=212) and the placebo group (n=127). The analgesic efficacy of ethyl chloride spray was compared with the placebo group using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results. When the analgesic efficacy of ethyl chloride spray was compared with the placebo group, the VAS score was 4 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.0] for the ethyl chloride spray group and 5 (IQR: 2.0) for the placebo group. The efficacy of ethyl chloride spray in reducing pain was statistically significant compared to the placebo (p<0.001). Conclusion. Ethyl chloride spray has analgesic activity in venepuncture. Therefore, this spray can be used at the emergency departments to reduce pain intensity in patients undergoing such interventions.
    Źródło:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 2; 339-343
    2544-2406
    2544-1361
    Pojawia się w:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Morphological analysis of organo-montmorillonites via MD simulations
    Autorzy:
    Karataş, Deniz
    Tekin, Adem
    Can, Muhammed F.
    Xu, Zhenghe
    Çelik, Mehmet S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146936.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    organo-montmorillonite
    tetradecyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
    molecular dynamics simulation
    cation exchange capacity
    binding energy
    Opis:
    Adsorption on clay surfaces has been studied intensively in recent years. The most curious subject of these studies, which are generally experimental, is how the surfactants are adsorbed at the atomic level to the surface. In this study, the adsorption of quaternary amine salt (tetradecyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride–TDEBAC) to sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) with various cation exchange capacities (CEC) was investigated by using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. In the simulations, as in the experimental studies, it was revealed that the surfactants were both adsorbed on to basal surfaces and settled between the layers. From the morphological analysis obtained from MD simulations, it was calculated that the inter-molecular interaction between the layers was higher than on the basal surface. For example, for the model with 118 CEC motif, the binding energy of all three surfactants in the models with the hydrophilic heads facing the same direction was calculated as -678.18 kcal/mol at the basal surface, while this value was found to be -688.90 kcal/mol in the interlayer. The more striking result is that in the simulations made by turning the head of the middle one of the three surfactants towards the tails of the right and left ones, only -34.86 kcal/mol binding energy was calculated on the basal surface, while this value was -525.63 kcal/mol in the interlayer. As compared middle reversed surfactant models with the same direction ones, despite increased CEC the intermolecular interaction decreased for the basal surface, but the interaction increased between the layers.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2022, 58, 5; art. no. 152499
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ethyl [1S, 2RS]-and [1S,2S]-2-[2-chloro-propanoyloxy]propanoate. Preparation and hydrolysis
    Autorzy:
    Polec, I.
    Komorowska-Kulik, J.
    Kielczewska, A.
    Bombinska, D.
    Legocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    ethyl 2-[2-chloro-propanoyloxy]propanoate
    hydrolysis
    ethyl L-lactate
    2-chloropropionyl chloride
    Opis:
    Ethyl (1S,2RS)-2-(2-chloropropanoyloxy)propanoate ((1S,2RS)-(I)) was obtained from rac-2-chloropropionyl chloride and ethyl L-lactate. (1S,2S)- (I) was also synthesized from (S)-2-chloropropionyl chloride and ethyl L-lactate with 93% d.e. (I) was undertaken hydrolysis by different media: NaOH/THF-H2O, Na2CO3/THF-H2O, LiOHxH2O/THF-H2O, 25% NaOH/H2O, and weakly acidic ion-exchange resin Amberlite IRC748 dispersion in MeOH. (1S,2RS)-2-(2-Chloropropanoyloxy) propanoic acid (II) diastereomers were identified as products of acidic hydrolysis with the ionic resin. GC/MS, HPLC and HPLC/MS analyses of resulted products are presented.
    Źródło:
    Pestycydy; 2008, 3-4; 27-52
    0208-8703
    Pojawia się w:
    Pestycydy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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