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Tytuł:
Metody oceny ryzyka środowiskowego na przykładzie planowania inwestycji liniowych
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) methods on the basis of planned linear investments
Autorzy:
Palmąka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
analiza ryzyka środowiskowego
inwestycja liniowa
System Informacji Geograficznej (GIS)
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)
linear investments
expert systems
GIS
Opis:
Realization of linear investments requires applying objective methods to assess their potential negative impacts on environment. Considering the similarity of natural conditions due to geographical proximity of Germany and Poland —the ERA method applied by the German Federal Transportation, Building and Housing Ministry to estimate a general impact of planned highway construction works on the environment, is described in this paper. The paper presents rules of delimitating the study area, evaluation criteria for environment resistance, methods of defining impact strength and matrix classification of the environmental risks. Clear criteria of the assessment allow applying expert systems and GIS, thus enabling quick comparisons between different locations and technical alternatives, and allowing to choose the best solution, which minimizes the negative impact on natural environment.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2005, 53, 7; 591--595
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contamination and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dobczyce Reservoir and Its Tributaries – a Literature Review
Metale ciężkie w osadach dennych Zbiornika Dobczyckiego i jego dopływów oraz ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego – przegląd literaturowy
Autorzy:
Zemełka, Gabriela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/386090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
osady denne
metale ciężkie
zlewnia Zbiornika Dobczyckiego
ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego
sediments
heavy metals
Dobczyce Reservoir catchment
environmental risk assessment
Opis:
Most transported particles released from a catchment area are deposited and accumulated in the sediment layers of water reservoirs. Along with mineral particles, contaminants originating from human activity and natural processes are added to such aquatic systems (e.g., heavy metals). This is an especially important issue when a reservoir is being used as a source of drinking water. The main aim of this study was the environmental risk assessment of the sediment in the Dobczyce Reservoir and two of its tributaries (the Raba River and Wolnica Stream) during the years of 2004–2007 and 2016, 2017. Substantial variations in heavy metals were found due to the land use and catchment management. The potential ecological risk showed an uneven distribution, and the overall ecological risk level ranged from low to moderate.
Zbiornik wodny to obszar, na którym większość transportowanych cząstek uwalnianych ze zlewni osadza się i akumuluje w osadach dennych. Razem z cząstkami mineralnymi do ekosystemów wodnych przedostają się również inne zanieczyszczenia (np. metale ciężkie), które są efektem działalności antropogenicznej, a także procesów naturalnych. Jest to szczególnie niebezpieczne, gdy zbiornik używany jest jako źródło wody pitnej. Głównym celem tego badania była ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego w osadach dennych Zbiornika Dobczyckiego oraz jego dopływów: Raby i potoku Wolnica w różnych latach (odpowiednio 2004–2007, 2016, 2017). Stwierdzono, że różny sposób użytkowania i zagospodarowania zlewni miał wpływ na znaczne wahania stężeń metali ciężkich, a ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego wskazała zanieczyszczenie od niskiego do umiarkowanego.
Źródło:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2019, 13, 1; 63-75
1898-1135
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kompleksowa analiza ryzyka środowiskowego dla procesów poszukiwania i eksploatacji niekonwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów typu shale gas w Polsce
Complex environmental risk assessment for the exploration and extraction processes of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits of the shale gas type in Poland
Autorzy:
Wójcik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835194.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
analiza ryzyka środowiskowego
rozwój zrównoważony
gaz z łupków
wiertnia
zanieczyszczenie środowiska
environmental risk assessment
sustainable development
shale gas
drilling rig
environment pollution
Opis:
Poszukiwanie i wydobycie gazu ze złóż niekonwencjonalnych typu shale gas może stwarzać potencjalne zagrożenia dla środowiska. Praca prezentuje propozycję analizy ryzyka środowiskowego, która może być wstępem do zarządzania ryzykiem podczas procesów poszukiwania i wydobycia gazu z łupków w warunkach polskich.
Shale gas exploration and extraction processes create a potential threat to the environment. This paper presents an environmental risk assessment which can be used for the risk management during shale gas exploration and extraction processes in Polish conditions.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2018, 74, 3; 208-214
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low-level environmental lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children — The current concepts of risk assessment
Autorzy:
Jakubowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-03-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
lead
children
risk assessment
environmental exposure
Opis:
Lead is an environmental contaminant. The majority of epidemiological research on the health effects of lead has been focused on children, because they are more vulnerable to lead than adults. In children, an elevated blood lead (B-Pb) is associated with reduced Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score. This paper summarizes the current opinions on the assessment of the health risk connected with the children’s environmental exposure to lead. The B-Pb level of concern of 100 μg/l proposed by the US Centers of Disease Control in 1991 was for a long time accepted as the guideline value. In the meantime there has been a significant worldwide decrease of B-Pb levels in children and present geometric mean values in the European countries range from 20 to 30 μg/l. The recent analyses of the association of intelligence test scores and B-Pb levels have revealed that the steepest declines in IQ occur at blood levels < 100 μg/l and that no threshold below which lead does not cause neurodevelopmental toxicity can be defended. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded in 2010, on the basis of results of Benchmark Dose (BMD) analysis, that an increase in B-Pb of 12 μg/l (BMDL₀₁) could decrease the IQ score by one point. It seems that this value can be used as a “unit risk” to calculate the possible decrease of IQ and, consequently, influence of the low-level exposure to lead (< 100 μg/l) on the health and socioeconomic status of the exposed population.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2011, 24, 1; 1-7
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving the Environmental Safety Risk Assessment in Construction Using Statistical Analysis Methods
Autorzy:
Smirnova, Elena
Mamedov, Shirali
Shkarovskiy, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
ecological risk
environmental safety
Monte Carlo method
risk assessment
Opis:
The article aims to assess risk for substantiating the economic and organizational efficiency of construction in the context of ecologic safety. A quantitative risk estimation was made through the Monte Carlo way for negative and positive choices to avoid ecological harm. The simulation algorithm imitated the distribution obtained from the evidence-based fit. The outcomes of a sensitivity investigation are also prepared to verify the suggestion. This risk analysis technique has a digital computer implementation. The simulation data outputs demonstrate the alternative of the general norm of validation and the acceptance of the solution, which is not harmful to the environment. In situations of uncertainty, the decision to select the optimistic flavor with high spending (to retain the reliability of the technics) but less risk pretends to be a decisive factor in the eco-friendly protection strategies of the construction project.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 110--128
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Management Model in ISO-standards as the Implementation of Environmental Safety for Housing Construction
Autorzy:
Smirnova, Elena
Larionov, Arkadij
Shkarovskiy, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
ecological risk
environmental management
environmental safety
housing construction
risk assessment
risk management model
safety standards
Opis:
The authors analyse the standardisation of risk management as an effective tool for the safety of design solutions in residential construction. The analysed regulatory documentation answers the question of achieving an acceptable level of risk. Within the framework of improving environmental management, the use of specific penalties looks quite natural. However, the primary purpose of ISO 14001 is to form a responsible attitude toward the environment and natural resources as the most crucial assets of economic activity. The article raises the issue that domestic standards cannot thoroughly guide risk analysts due to their lack of development and inconsistency with ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 14001:2016. It is necessary to develop a unique approach to risk assessment, de facto describing the interaction of different scenarios, which will ensure an increase in the environmental and economic effects in the field of housing safety.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2023, 25; 282-288
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Assessment of an Abandoned Briquette Factory – A Case Study at Nagymányok Area, Former Industrial Zone
Autorzy:
Halász, Amade
Dezső, József
Poor, Viktoria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Nagymányok
environmental assessment
industrial zone
metal contamination
risk characterisation
Opis:
The study is focused on environmental assessments of impacts by former briquette factory at the Nagymányok area in South Hungary. The (former) industrial zone is located in a northern valley of the Eastern Mecsek Mountains. Until the 1990s this company was the largest briquette factory in Hungary and the demolition works are still incomplete. former investigations were based on only five samples. our sampling sites were selected on the basis of the source of the contaminations and then we covered the whole area in equal distribution. We used the A1-F6 codes for the sample places. We have started from southwest to northeast. The samples were analyzed for Total Petrol Hydrocarbons (TPHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and for heavy metals. The area was heavily contaminated by TPHs and moderately heavy metals (such as Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb). Highest contaminant concentrations were found around the former industrial buildings, especially between the boiler-house and the coal-pillbox. In the industrial area the mean of the detected values is below the upper limit of the legal exposure values, but among the former industrial buildings higher (e.g. toxic level) concentration values were detected in multiple samples. Based on our investigation the pollutant can be transported by wind or by water on the surface (stream bed) or underground. The hazardous material can easily reach some part of the city, therefore reclamation is necesarry.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2016, 35, 1; 69-79
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Assessment Method for Identification of Environmental Aspects and Impacts at Ore Processing Industry in Indonesia
Autorzy:
Susanto, A.
Mulyono, N. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
environmental aspects
environmental impacts
environmental management system
ISO 14001
life cycle approach
risk assessment
Opis:
Ore processing industry in Indonesia applies the international standard of environmental management system based on ISO 14001:2015. The implementation of clause 6.1.2 requires every organization to identify the environmental aspects of its operations, as an initial step in environmental management. The objective of this research is to develop a structured approach in identifying the environmental aspects and impacts so that an evaluation on the risks, opportunities as well as severity of possible environmental impacts can be conducted. The employed methods involve life-cycle approach and risk assessment method with four-cell risk assessment matrix in environmental risk determination. The results of this risk assessment can give an overview of environmental aspects and impacts, so that control priority can be determined in order to reduce the risks.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 2; 72-80
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Baseline study in environmental risk assessment : site-specific model development and application
Autorzy:
Alam, Asifa
Mahmood, Adeel
Chaudhry, M. Nawaz
Ahmad, Sajid Rashid
Safa, Noor Ul
Alghamdi, Huda Ahmed
Alhamdi, Heba Waheeb
Ullah, Rizwan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
baseline study
risk assessment models
risk management
mathematical approaches
landfills
dumping sites
environmental risk estimation
Opis:
Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i.e., baseline study for waste disposal sites. Even though the literature exists on baseline study in general, still there is a lack of guidance regarding development of a site-specific baseline study model for a waste disposal site. This study has two-fold aim, firstly, how to develop site-specific baseline study model for a selected dumping site, and secondly, how this site-specific baseline study can support the environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. Mahmood Booti Open Dumping Site (MBODS) is selected to demonstrate the development and application of site-specific baseline study model. This is followed by building a framework that shows how the output of the baseline study can lead to environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. The paper provides a mechanism of how to construct a bespoke baseline-study model that is readily useable, avoiding procurement of expensive computer software and yet smoothly connecting with the follow-on stages of the risk assessment. The work presented in this paper can be reproduced repeatedly to create site-specific baseline study models for risk assessment of other waste disposal sites in a cost-effective, consistent and cohesive manner.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2022, 48, 3; 80--88
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contamination of the Šar Mountains Aquatorium – Kosovo with Depleted Uranium
Autorzy:
Stanojević, Nenad Z.
Đokić, Jelena V.
Lazarević, Đorđe R.
Nikezić, Dušan P.
Osmokrović, Predrag V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
environmental risk
health risk assessment
soil contamination
water contamination
depleted uranium
radiation survey
Kosovo
Opis:
The main objective of this study was to estimate the environmental and health risk of the Šar Mountains (Kosovo) for depleted uranium contamination. The risk assessment of the contamination is needed since, in the spring of 1999, conflict with bombarding took place in the territory of the Western Balkans, during which depleted uranium ammunition was used. In Serbia and Montenegro, such tests were performed; based on them, some territories were decontaminated. Šar Mountains is particularly important as it is one of the few water-rich areas in Kosovo. Therefore, soil and water samples were taken from characteristic places in the Šar Mountains aquatorium. Tests of the samples were performed under well-controlled conditions. The measurement uncertainty was less than 5%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no contamination of the Šar Mountains with depleted uranium. This conclusion can be extended to the broader area around the Šar Mountains, as it is a safe area surrounded by high mountains
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2023, 25; 1--8
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The assessment of heavy metal accumulation by myxomycetes
Ocenka nakoplenija miksomicetami tjazhelykh metallov
Autorzy:
Kryvomaz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/76998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
heavy metal accumulation
myxomycete
slime mould
environmental safety
risk assessment
bioremediation
Źródło:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2015, 17, 8
1730-8658
Pojawia się w:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consideration on the health risk reduction related to attainment of the new particulate matter standards in Poland: A top-down policy risk assessment approach
Autorzy:
Kobza, Joanna
Pastuszka, Józef S.
Gulis, Gabriel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-10-08
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
particulate matter
top-down approach
policy
health outcome
health risk assessment
environmental exposure
Opis:
Policies can influence health of a population in various ways. Numerous epidemiological studies supported by toxicological investigations demonstrate a positive association between ambient concentrations of airborne particulate matter and increased adverse cardio-respiratory events, including morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper was to present the concept of the top-down health policy risk assessment approach model developed to estimate the expected health risk reduction associated with policy aiming at attaining the new particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM 10) standards in Poland. The top-down approach guides the analysis of causal chains from the policy to health outcomes. In this case study we tried to estimate the predicted health effects of the policy change over the past 20 years. Since Polish annual standard for PM 10 changed from 50 μg/m³ in 1990 to 40 μg/m³ in 2010, we calculated the relative risk associated with decreasing PM 10 in diameter to 10 μg/m³ in the annual level of PM 10 for 6 adverse health effects. The relative risk slightly decreased for almost all adverse health effects, which means that the relative decrease in the incidence of health effects from the baseline incidence should range from about 0.5–0.6% for heart disease admissions to > 1% for respiratory admissions. The obtained results indicate that implementation of the new ambient air standards could influence improvement of the health status of Polish population. A top-down policy health risk assessment model can be one of the main tools in this process, providing harmonized guidance how to seek evidence-based information, which could serve policy-makers.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 1; 1-14
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical incidents resulted in hazardous substances releases in the context of human health hazards
Autorzy:
Pałaszewska-Tkacz, Anna
Czerczak, Sławomir
Konieczko, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
environmental health
public health implications
health risk assessment
Chemical Hazards
chemical incidents
hazardous chemical releases
Opis:
Objectives The research purpose was to analyze data concerning chemical incidents in Poland collected in 1999–2009 in terms of health hazards. Material and Methods The data was obtained, using multimodal information technology (IT) system, from chemical incidents reports prepared by rescuers at the scene. The final analysis covered sudden events associated with uncontrolled release of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures, which may potentially lead to human exposure. Releases of unidentified substances where emergency services took action to protect human health or environment were also included. Results The number of analyzed chemical incidents in 1999–2009 was 2930 with more than 200 different substances released. The substances were classified into 13 groups of substances and mixtures posing analogous risks. Most common releases were connected with non-flammable corrosive liquids, including: hydrochloric acid (199 cases), sulfuric(VI) acid (131 cases), sodium and potassium hydroxides (69 cases), ammonia solution (52 cases) and butyric acid (32 cases). The next group were gases hazardous only due to physico-chemical properties, including: extremely flammable propane-butane (249 cases) and methane (79 cases). There was no statistically significant trend associated with the total number of incidents. Only with the number of incidents with flammable corrosive, toxic and/or harmful liquids, the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant downward trend. The number of victims reported was 1997, including 1092 children and 18 fatalities. Conclusions The number of people injured, number of incidents and the high 9th place of Poland in terms of the number of Seveso establishments, and 4 times higher number of hazardous industrial establishments not covered by the Seveso Directive justify the need for systematic analysis of hazards and their proper identification. It is advisable enhance health risk assessment, both qualitative and quantitative, by slight modification of the data collection system so as to enable the determination of released chemical concentration and exposed populations. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(1):95–110
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 1; 95-110
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Związki chromu(VI) – w przeliczeniu na Cr(VI) : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Chromium (VI) compounds – as Cr(VI) : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)
Autorzy:
Broda, Anna
Konieczko, Katarzyna
Skowroń, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
rakotwórczość
ocena ryzyka
NDS
nauki o zdrowiu
inżynieria środowiska
carcinogenicity
risk assessment
TLV
MAC
OEL
health sciences
environmental engineering
Opis:
Związki chromu(VI) są ciałami stałymi o budowie krystalicznej, o zróżnicowanej rozpuszczalności w wodzie. Związki Cr(VI) są stosowane w obróbce powierzchni metalowych w celu zabezpieczenia przed korozją lub w celach dekoracyjnych (chromowanie, anodowanie), jako dodatek do stali nierdzewnej chromowej, w syntezie chemicznej jako silny środek utleniający i jako katalizator, do produkcji niektórych pigmentów, inhibitorów korozji, środków do ochrony drewna. Powstają również podczas spawania i cięcia plazmowego. Pracownicy mogą być narażeni na związki Cr(VI) w środowisku pracy drogą inhalacyjną, pokarmową i przez skórę. Na terenach uprzemysłowionych możliwe jest narażenie pozazawodowe, np. przez wodę do picia, kontakt z glebą lub innymi mediami zanieczyszczonymi tymi związkami. W Polsce w latach 2005-2018 na podstawie informacji przesłanych do Centralnego Rejestru Danych o Narażeniu na Substancje, Preparaty, Czynniki lub Procesy Technologiczne o Działaniu Rakotwórczym lub Mutagennym prowadzonego przez IMP w Łodzi w środowisku zawodowym najbardziej rozpowszechniony był dichromian(VI) potasu (zgłaszało go ponad 500 zakładów pracy, a liczba narażonych osób przekraczała 5 tys.). Ponad 1 tys. narażonych osób zgłaszano również w przypadku tlenku chromu(VI), chromianu(VI) potasu oraz innych związków chromu(VI). Zdecydowaną większość zgłoszonych do rejestru stanowisk pracy, na których występowały związki Cr(VI), stanowiły stanowiska laboratoryjne (75%), ponad 10% stanowiska pracy związane z galwanizacją lub trawieniem powierzchni, a około 4% stanowiska spawaczy. W 2018 r. rozporządzeniem MRPiPS wprowadzono dla wszystkich związków Cr(VI) wartość NDS wynoszącą 0,01 mg/m³. W 2019 r. zgodnie z danymi GIS na stężenia >0,1 NDS ÷ 0,5 NDS było narażonych 640 pracowników, >0,5 NDS ÷ NDS – 146 pracowników, a powyżej wartości NDS – 48 pracowników. Przewlekłe narażenie zawodowe na związki Cr(VI) może powodować skutki związane ze żrącym i drażniącym działaniem tych substancji (zmiany skórne, objawy ze strony dróg oddechowych, zaburzenia funkcji nerek) oraz wystąpienie raka płuca i zatok przynosowych. Okres latencji wystąpienia raka płuca u pracowników narażonych zawodowo na związki Cr(VI) wynosi około 20 lat. U ludzi dowody działania związków Cr(VI) na rozrodczość są niejednoznaczne, chociaż są badania wskazujące na ryzyko zmniejszenia jakości nasienia, które odnotowano w grupie spawaczy. Przy ustalaniu wartości NDS za skutek krytyczny działania związków Cr(VI) przyjęto działanie rakotwórcze na płuca. Dla związków Cr(VI) przyjęto wartość NDS na poziomie 0,005 mg Cr(VI)/m³ bez ustalenia wartości chwilowej NDSCh. Zaproponowana wartość NDS 0,005 mg Cr(VI)/m³ zabezpieczy pracowników również przed działaniem drażniącym związków Cr(VI) obecnych w powietrzu środowiska pracy. Przyjęto następujące oznakowanie związków Cr(VI): Carc.*, Muta.*, Ft (Repr.)*, C(r-r)*, I* oraz A*, których kategorię należy ustalić zgodnie z tabelą 3. załącznika VI do rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady WE nr 1272/2008 z dnia 16 grudnia 2008 r. (Dz. Urz. WE L 353, 1-1355 z późn. zm.).
Chromium (VI) compounds are solids with a crystalline structure of varying solubility in water. Chromium (VI) compounds are used in the treatment of metal surfaces to protect against corrosion or for decorative purposes (chrome plating, anodizing), as an additive to chrome stainless steel, in chemical synthesis as a strong oxidizing agent and as a catalyst, for the production of certain pigments, inhibitors corrosion, wood preservatives. They are also formed during welding and plasma cutting. Workers can be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds in the working environment by inhalation, oral and dermal route. In industrialized areas, non-occupational exposure, e.g., through drinking water, contact with soil or other media contaminated with these compounds is possible. In Poland, in 2005-2018, based on information sent to the Central Registry conducted by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź, the most common was potassium dichromate (VI) (it was reported by over 500 workplaces, and the number of exposed people exceeded 5,000). Over one thousand exposed persons have been reported for chromium (VI) oxide, potassium chromate (VI) and other chromium (VI) compounds. The vast majority of workplaces with chromium (VI) compounds reported to the register were laboratory stands (75%), over 10% of workplaces related to electroplating or surface etching, and about 4% were welders. In 2018, the regulation of ministry introduced a TLV (MAC) value of 0.01 mg/mᶾ for all chromium(VI) compounds. In 2019, according to Sanitary Inspection data, 640 workers were exposed to concentrations > 0.1 MAC ÷ 0.5 MAC, > 0.5 MAC ÷ MAC – 146 workers, and above the MAC value – 48 workers. Chronic occupational exposure to chromium (VI) compounds may cause effects related to the corrosive and irritating action of these substances (skin lesions, respiratory symptoms, renal dysfunction) and the occurrence of lung cancer and paranasal sinuses. The latency period for lung cancer in workers who are occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) compounds is approximately 20 years. In humans, evidence of the effects of chromium (VI) compounds on reproduction is inconclusive, although there are studies showing a risk of reduced semen quality, which has been reported in the group of welders. Lung carcinogenicity was assumed as a critical effect of Cr(VI) compounds when establishing the MAC value. For chromium (VI) compounds, the MAC value was assumed at the level of 0.005 mg Cr(VI)/m³ without establishing the short-term (STEL, NDSCh) value. The proposed MACV value of 0.005 mg Cr(VI)/m³ will also protect employees against the irritating effects of chromium(VI) compounds present in workplace air. The following labeling of chromium (VI) compounds has been adopted: Carc.*, Muta.*, Ft (Repr.)*, C (rr)*, I* and A*, the category of which should be determined in accordance with table 3 of Annex VI to the Regulation of the European Parliament and EC Council No. 1272/2008 of December 16, 2008 (OJEU L 353, 1-1355 as amended).
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2021, 3 (109); 29-145
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure assessment of pharmaceutical powders based on an environmental monitoring method: a pilot study
Autorzy:
Demircan Yildirim, Fatma
Ekmekci, Ismail
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-03
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
environmental monitoring
occupational safety in the pharmaceutical industry
risk assessment
working environment measurement
exposure to API
determination of surface contamination
Opis:
BackgroundAbout 8 million healthcare workers in the USA are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs or their toxic metabolites over a long period of time despite the fact that both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the European Parliament recommend the monitoring of exposure among workers dealing with substances which have carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic effects on the reproductive system. The objective of this study is to determine exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) among pharmaceutical industry workers, and to develop a methodology which promotes the accurate monitoring, evaluation and control of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients, also in compliance with good manufacturing practice.Material and MethodsThe pilot study was designed in accordance with “Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing – Current Good Manufacturing Practice,” issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The samples were collected with the swab technique which was recommended in the “Validation of Cleaning Processes (7/93)” guideline. The minimum numbers of locations (NL = 9) and sampling points (NL(T) = 63) were determined according to ISO 14644-1:2015 “Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments” issued by the International Organization for Standardization. The samples were analyzed using an ultra performance liquid chromatography system, with an analytical method which was developed and validated according to “Q7A, Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients” issued by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The low limit of quantification of the employed method (17 ng/ml) enables the determination of exposure at low concentrations.ResultsWhile contamination was detected in 43 (68.3%) of the 63 samples collected, 20 (31.7%) could not be detected. The environmental monitoring results ranged 0–15 000 ng/cm2 and the potential risk of exposure to API was considered to be >2 g.ConclusionsThe results clearly prove and reveal the magnitude of the hazard, both objectively and scientifically, when compared to the research which suggests that 10 ng/cm2 should be considered the prohibitory risk level in quantitative terms.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 6; 649-663
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20

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