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Tytuł:
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment. Fate and behaviour, ecotoxicology and risk assessment – A review
Autorzy:
Gworek, Barbara
Kijeńska, Marta
Zaborowska, Magdalena
Wrzosek, Justyna
Tokarz, Lidia
Chmielewski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
environmental risk
aquatic environment
ecotoxicology
pharmaceuticals
Opis:
Pharmaceuticals are long-lasting, biologically active substances that, when discharged into the natural environment, affect ecosystem stability. The presence of increasing amounts of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in the environment has been a subject of growing interest. Many of the commonly used pharmaceuticals, especially analgesics and antibiotics, are used in quantities similar to those of agricultural chemicals, but are not required to undergo the same level of environmental risk assessment. The fate and behavior of medicines in the environment require further research. Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are distributed in the environment in various ways. The incidence of medicines and their transformation products has been so far recorded in surface and ground waters, drinking water, bottom sediments, soils, wastewater and sewage sludge, as well as in animal organisms. The article presents issues related to the fate and behavior of pharmaceuticals both in the environment and in the processes of wastewater treatment, ecotoxicology and risk assessment.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 3; 397-407
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental risk factors for bladder cancer
Środowiskowe czynniki ryzyka rozwoju raka pęcherza moczowego
Autorzy:
Menzel, Fryderyk
Drabik, Aleksandra
Hackemer, Paweł
Otlewska, Anna
Pawlas, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
"bladder cancer"
"environmental risk factors"
"epidemiology"
"etiology"
Opis:
Bladder cancer is a disease characterized by an abnormal growth of cells in the urinary bladder. Potentially, it can infiltrate nearby tissues and metastasize to distant organs. It affects more than 3 million people, with over 430,000 new cases a year. Environmental risk factors have significant impact on the development of bladder cancer, with tobacco smoke being the single most significant risk factor. Arsenic, nitrates, and chlorine in drinking water are also potentially associated with an elevated risk of this disease. In this paper, we review most significant environmental risk factors for primary bladder cancer and analyze prevention methods.
Rak pęcherza moczowego jest schorzeniem charakteryzującym się nieprawidłowym wzrostem komórek w pęcherzu moczowym. Potencjalnie może naciekać okoliczne tkanki i dawać przerzuty do odległych narządów. Rak pęcherza moczowego dotyka ponad 3 miliony ludzi na świecie, a co roku diagnozowanych jest ponad 430 tysięcy nowych przypadków. Środowiskowe czynniki ryzyka mają znaczący wpływ na rozwój raka pęcherza. Dym papierosowy jest czynnikiem ryzyka o największym znaczeniu. Arsen, azotany i związki chloru zawarte w wodzie pitnej są prawdopodobnie związane z podwyższonym ryzykiem raka pęcherza moczowego. Celem tego artykułu jest przegląd środowiskowych czynników ryzyka pierwotnego raka pęcherza moczowego oraz analiza metod zapobiegania.
Źródło:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine; 2018, 21, 2; 43-47
1505-7054
2084-6312
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecological risk, seasonal and depth variations of toxic elements in a closed landfill in Vietnamese Mekong Delta province
Autorzy:
Giao, Nguyen T.
Nhien, Huynh T.H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
environmental risk
heavy metals
landfill
soil properties
Opis:
The study was carried out to assess ecological risks at the closed landfill in Cai Dau town, Chau Phu district, An Giang province. Soil samples were collected at six locations (S1-S6) at depths of 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm in the rainy season (November 2020) and dry season (March 2021). The soil quality was evaluated using eight heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and As). The results showed that most monitoring sites had heavy metal contents within the allowable limits for agricultural land of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Some heavy metals have been found to migrate to the soil layer of 60-80 cm. The heavy metals accumulation (Igeo) in the two soil layers did not differ; Ni, Cr, Pb and As accumulated at non-polluting levels - moderate to high in the rainy season, while Cr and As only accumulated in the dry season. The composite pollution index (PLI) indicated that the locations around the landfill were polluted; however, the ecological risk ranged from low to moderate (potential ecological risk index (PERI) = 102-195) in the rainy season. Only about 50% of study sites during the dry season were contaminated and the risk was low (PERI = 44-68). However, the area around the landfill always poses potential risks due to the presence of heavy metals, including Ni, Cr, As and Pb. Monitoring the heavy metals in the surrounding landfill for the potential risks to human health and environment is needed.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 57; 188--196
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydraulic Fracturing; Environmental Issue
Autorzy:
Khyade, Vitthalrao B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Fraccing
Environmental Risk
Aquatic Ecosystem
Proppant
Leakoff
Opis:
Environment is the integrated system, each and every factor of which is dependent on the other. Marine ecosystems are very important for the overall health of both marine and terrestrial environments. According to the World Resource Center, coastal habitats alone account for approximately 1/3 of all marine biological productivity, and estuarine ecosystems (i.e., salt marshes, seagrasses, mangrove forests) are among the most productive regions on the planet. In addition, other marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, provide food and shelter to the highest levels of marine diversity in the world. Marine ecosystems usually have a large biodiversity and are therefore thought to have a good resistance against invasive species. However, exceptions have been observed, and the mechanisms responsible in determining the success of an invasion are not yet clear. Changes among the factors an any ecosystem are permissible up to some extent. Induced hydraulic fracturing (hydrofracturing, also commonly known as fracking or fraccing) is a mining technique in which a liquid (in most cases water) is mixed with sand and chemicals and the resultant mixture injected at high pressure into a wellbore. This creates small fractures in the deep rock formations, typically less than 1mm wide, along which gas, petroleum and brine may migrate to the well. Hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, then small grains of proppant (sand or aluminium oxide) hold these fractures open once the rock achieves equilibrium. The technique is very common in wells for shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas and hard rock wells. This well stimulation is usually conducted once in the life of the well and greatly enhances fluid removal and well productivity, but there has been an increasing trend towards multiple hydraulic fracturing as production declines. The first experimental use of hydraulic fracturing was in 1947, and the first commercially successful applications were in 1949. As of 2012, 2.5 million hydraulic fracturing jobs have been performed on oil and gas wells worldwide, more than one million of them in the United States. Proponents of hydraulic fracturing point to the economic benefits from the vast amounts of formerly inaccessible hydrocarbons the process can extract. Opponents of hydraulic fracturing point to environmental risks, including contamination of ground water, depletion of fresh water, contamination of the air, noise pollution, the migration of gases and hydraulic fracturing chemicals to the surface, surface contamination from spills and flow-back, and the possible health effects of these. There are increases in seismic activity, mostly associated with deep injection disposal of flowback and produced brine from hydraulically fractured wells. For these reasons hydraulic fracturing has come under international scrutiny, with some countries protecting it, and others suspending or banning it. Some of those countries, including most notably the United Kingdom, have recently lifted their bans, choosing to focus on regulation instead of outright prohibition. The European Union is in the process of applying regulation to permit this to take place.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 40; 58-92
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ultrasonic Method for Monitoring Environmental Risks Associated with Precipitation
Autorzy:
Gudra, T.
Banasiak, D.
Herman, K.
Opieliński, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ultrasonic method
snow layer
monitoring of environmental risk
Opis:
This paper presents a solution that utilises ultrasonic technology to allow monitoring snow layer thickness or water level based on measurement from air. It describes the principle of operation of a measurement device using three methods of compensating for changing external factors affecting appliance’s precision. Block diagram of the device is also provided. In order to verify the proposed solutions, the research team tested the device in laboratory and operating conditions. The results obtained this way make it possible to select a configuration of device operation depending on the required measurement precision and limitations associated with installing the system for actual operation.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2013, 38, 1; 125-135
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarządzanie ryzykiem środowiskowym i jego znaczenie dla stabilności sektora bankowego
Environmental Risk Management and Its Importance for the Stability of the Banking Sector
Autorzy:
Zioło, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
ryzyko środowiskowe
bankowość
zarządzanie
environmental risk
banking
management
Opis:
Celem opracowania jest wskazanie na istotę i znaczenie ryzyka środowiskowego dla stabilności sektora bankowego oraz wykazanie współzależności pomiędzy tymi kategoriami. W artykule zostały zidentyfikowane i poddane ocenie instrumenty zarządzania ryzykiem środowiskowym oraz zostały wskazane sposoby minimalizowania tego ryzyka w sektorze. Zwrócono uwagę na niedoskonałość regulacji w zakresie ryzyka środowiskowego i konsekwencje tego stanu dla stabilności funkcjonowania banków oraz podkreślono potrzebę zmian w tym zakresie. W artykule wykorzystano analizę bibliograficzną do diagnozowania luki badawczej w podjętym przedmiocie rozważań oraz wykazano, że uwzględnienie ryzyka środowiskowego w regulacjach, rekomendacjach, zaleceniach i procedurach bankowych, zwłaszcza dotyczących procesu oceny zdolności kredytowej, minimalizuje ryzyko środowiskowe w bankowości i jego wpływ na wyniki finansowe banków, a w konsekwencji na ich stabilność.
The aim of the study is to identify the nature and importance of environmental risk to the stability and safety of the banking sector and to demonstrate the interdependence between these categories. The tools of environmental risk management have been identified and assessed. Also, the ways of mitigating this risk in the sector have been pointed out. Special attention has been paid to the imperfection of regulations on environmental risks and the consequences of this phenomenon for the stability of banks. Finally, the need for changes in this field has been stressed. The article uses the bibliographical analysis to diagnose the research gap in the existing literature and demonstrates that the inclusion of environmental risk in the regulations, suggestions, recommendations, and banking procedures, in particular in the creditworthiness assessment process, results in minimizing environmental risks in banking and impacts banks’ financial results.
Źródło:
Problemy Zarządzania; 2017, 1/2017 (66), t.2; 92-106
1644-9584
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ryzyko środowiskowe i zdrowotne wynikające ze stosowania środków ochrony roślin
Environmental and health risk resulting from applying plant protection products
Autorzy:
Nowak, R.
Włodarczyk-Makuła, M.
Mamzer, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/370870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach
Tematy:
ryzyko środowiskowe
ryzyko zdrowotne
pestycydy
environmental risk
health risk
pesticides
Opis:
Środki ochrony roślin, zwane powszechnie pestycydami, stanowią grupę preparatów stosowaną w rolnictwie, ogrodnictwie, leśnictwie, weterynarii, jak również wykorzystywanych do impregnacji materiałów tekstylnych i tworzyw sztucznych. Toksyczność pestycydów wynika z obecności składników biologicznie czynnych, emulgatorów, substancji pomocniczych i wypełniaczy mogących niekorzystnie wpływać na biocenozę środowiska. Dlatego też stosowanie pestycydów wiąże się z ryzykiem środowiskowym i zdrowotnym. W ocenie ryzyka wyróżnia się cztery główne elementy takie jak: identyfikacja ryzyka, ocena zależności dawka-odpowiedź, skala narażenia oraz ogólna charakterystyka ryzyka. Analiza i ocena ryzyka środowiskowego i zdrowotnego jest ważnym czynnikiem we wprowadzaniu preparatów pestycydowych do powszechnego stosowania, dlatego celem niniejszej pracy było przedstawienie aspektów ryzyka związanego ze stosowaniem pestycydów.
Pesticides constitute the group of preparations using in farming, horticulture, forestry, veterinary science, as well as of textile materials used for the impregnation and plastics. The toxicity of pesticides, the presence of biologically active ingredients, emulsifiers, support substances and fillers circles can adversely affect the biocoenosis. Therefore applying pesticides is connected with an environmental risk and health risk. In the risk assessment four main elements are being singled out so as: the identification of the risk, the evaluation of the dose-response relationship, the scale of exposing and an overall description of the risk. Analysis and the evaluation of the environmental and health risk are the single most important factor in inserting pesticidal preparations into universal applying, therefore describing aspects of the connected risk was a purpose of this work with applying pesticides.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach; 2015, 1(11); 51-63
1895-3794
2300-0376
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Risks of the Pesticide Use in Agrocenoses and Their Management
Autorzy:
Lishchuk, Alla
Parfenyk, Alla
Horodyska, Іnna
Boroday, Vira
Ternovyi, Yurii
Tymoshenko, Liudmyla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
agrocenoses
pesticides
ecological risk
ecological safety
ecotoxicity
environmental risk management
Opis:
The article is devoted to the development of methodical approaches to the management of environmental risks due to pesticide contamination of agrocenoses. An assessment of ecological risks due to the use of pesticides was carried out at the scientific research field of the Skvirskaya research station of organic production of the IAP of the National Academy of Sciences during the growing seasons of 2019–2021. The methods of assessing the ecological risks of potential pesticide contamination of agrocenoses based on the indicators of the agroecotoxicological index (AETI) and the ecotoxic impact of harmful substances (E) were used on the natural environment. It was shown that the level of environmental risk due to the use of pesticides in the research field of the station according to the weighted average indices (AETI) is characterized as low – risk, and the environmental risk due to the pesticides using is minimal. According to indicators of ecotoxicity (E), the pesticides that were used are characterized as having a low potential ecotoxic risk of impact on agrocenoses of cultivated plants. However, the total pesticide ecotoxicological load (ΣЕ = 0.425 compared to the standard EDDT = 1) indicates the possibility of disruption of ecological connectivities in the agroecosystem. One of the elements of environmental risk management can be the assessment of the pesticide load on agroecosystems and considering of the territory ability to self-clean. In order to minimize the environmental risks of pesticide contamination of agrocenoses, measures should be taken to regulate the use of chemical plant protection agents. This can be done by banning or limiting the use of pesticides that have a high level of ecotoxicity and are persistent in the soil. This will contribute to increasing the ecological safety of agro-ecosystems and the natural environment.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 3; 199--212
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental risk factor disclosures in the 10-K reports of U.S. energy companies
Autorzy:
Godawska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53619609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-17
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce
Tematy:
environmental reporting
energy companies
disclosure quality
environmental risk
10-K reports
Opis:
Purpose: This study examines changes in the volume and specificity of environmental risk factor disclosures in the 10-K reports of U.S. energy companies between 2017 and 2021. Methodology/approach: A total of 210 reports were analyzed using the content analysis method, a specificity index, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: Starting from the 2019 reports, the volume of environmental risk factor disclosures increased significantly year on year. In the 2021 reports, energy companies provided, on average, 31% more information than in 2017 reports (measured by word count). This growth was due to changes in the volume of disclosures on climate-related risk factors. However, the increase was not accompanied by an increase in detail. The level of specificity in the disclosure of both climate-related and other environmental risk factors was low (with the former being higher) and did not change significantly over the period considered. In general, boilerplate language was often used when discussing environmental risk factors. Research limitations/implications: The findings suggest the need for regulators to detail requirements for specific disclosures on environmental risk factors. Originality/value: Previous studies based on 10-K reports examined the disclosures regarding any risk, tax risk, mergers and acquisitions risk, and security risk. This paper is the first to analyze the volume and specificity of disclosures devoted to environ-mental risk factors. In addition, it provides a more complete picture of environmental risk reporting practices by considering climate-related and non-climate-related risk factors separately.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości; 2024, 48(2); 37-54
1641-4381
2391-677X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criteria and risk of integrity loss for wells with sustained casing pressure
Autorzy:
Yao, T.
Wojtanowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
well integrity
gas migration
sustained casing pressure
environmental risk
Opis:
Sustained casing pressure (SCP) represents a major issue because of its large scale occurrence and risks to health, safety, and the environment. Present regulatory assessment of sustained casing pressure is mostly qualitative with implicit risk formulation. It currently holds that wells with casing head pressure that can be bled-down to zero and is followed by slow 24-hour pressure buildup are below acceptable level of risk. This study introduces new quantitative metrics of well integrity loss risk - the instant cement sheath leak rate of 15 scf/min (barrier integrity), and the total annual environmental gas discharge of 6 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOC) per year. Field data from 19 wells reportedly affected by sustained casing pressure (SCP) are examined with a SCP testing software to assess whether or not wells with pressure that is able to bleed to zero would meet the proposed criteria. Using modeling and software tools developed by Xu and Wojtanowicz (2001) and Kinik and Wojtanowicz (2011), it is determined that three of the 19 wells (15.8) examined would fail the instant leak rate criterion. On the total discharge criterion, assuming the wells' annuli above the cement top filled out with seawater, it was also found, again, that 15.8 percent of the wells would fail the total environmental discharge criterion. Moreover, for the worst-case scenario of absolute open gas flow (empty annulus above the cement top), five of 19 wells (26.3) would fail the criterion. It is shown that - statistically, the bleed-down of casing pressure to zero gives a 90-percent confidence of the well passing the proposed criteria. Furthermore, no clear correlation was observed between pressure build-up and the barrier integrity or the environmental gas discharge criteria, thus questioning the 24-hour pressure buildup relevance as a risk indicator.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 2; 639-654
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 86

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