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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 51
Tytuł:
The impact of engine cooling fan configuration on the emission of pollutants by vehicle exhaust systems in chassis dynamometer tests
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Żółtowski, A.
Taubert, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
pollutant emissions
environmental protection
Opis:
Reduction of pollutant emission by exhaust systems due to stricter limits has drastically increased the impact of previously ignored factors on the results of emission tests. One such factor is the cooling of the engine by the chassis dynamometer's external fan. Improper cooling can increase the temperature of the engine and the catalytic converter. Preliminary studies conducted by the Motor Transport Institute have confirmed that the configuration of the cooling fan influences exhaust system emissions. This article discusses the results of tests aimed at identifying the cause of changes in emission levels. To achieve this aim, emission levels were measured for various configurations of the chassis dynamometer (including both the fan speed and the distance from the front of the vehicle). During the tests, measurements were taken of temporary pollutant levels in the CVS and of the temperature of exhaust before and after the catalytic converter. The results confirmed the findings of preliminary tests. Increased exhaust emission levels were noted, though not, as anticipated, during the urban driving cycle, but rather during the final phase of the extra-urban driving cycle. Measurements were taken using a single-roller chassis dynamometer equipped with a cooling fan with a regulated fan speed specified by a second-degree curve.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 107-115
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected problems of real driving emissions measurement
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
road test
real driving emissions
environmental protection
Opis:
The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Real Driving Emissions procedures have been introduced in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427. Currently, quantitative RDE requirements have been established to limit emissions from exhaust systems in all operating conditions in accordance with the road emission limits set out in Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring segments, their overall test timeshare, and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A mobile device for reading the EOBD System information was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. The obtained results were then analysed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. Despite the same research route, the obtained results were not the same. The analysis also uses the two-dimensional operating time-share characteristics expressed in vehicle velocity and acceleration co-ordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare the dynamic properties, share of operating time and, consequently, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their practicability and emission values.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 189-196
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effectiveness of environmental policies on carbon emissions: A panel threshold analysis
Autorzy:
Akbulut, Hale
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
carbon emissions
environmental policy stringency
threshold models
Opis:
The aim of this study is to test the possible non-linear effect of environmental policy stringency on carbon emissions and thus make policy recommendations for emission reduction. For this purpose data for the period 1995–2015 for selected emerging countries were used. According to the findings obtained from fixed-effects panel threshold regressions environmental policy stringency has no significant effect on the relationship between gross domestic product per capita and carbon dioxide emissions. However, it has statistically significant effect if the share of the service sector and the foreign direct investment are taken as regime-dependent variables. Accordingly, in the high policy stringency regime an increase in the share of the service sector and the foreign direct investment reduce emission levels. In the case of using market-based environmental regulations the threshold effect faced by foreign direct investment is much more pronounced. In order to reduce carbon emissions it is recommended to increase environmental policy stringency, especially in market-based tools.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2022, 8, 3; 82-108
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
UNIJNY SYSTEM HANDLU EMISJAMI GAZÓW CIEPLARNIANYCH W TRZECIM OKRESIE ROZLICZENIOWYM – PRÓBA OCENY
The EU greenhouse gases emission trading scheme in the third trading period – assessment attempt
Autorzy:
Borys, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950876.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
emissions trading
climate policy
environmental effectiveness
distribution
Opis:
The article presents an attempt to assess the EU greenhouse gases emission trading scheme in the third trading period covering the years 2013−2020. The system constitutes the absolutely fundamental instrument of the community climate policy. Starting from 1st January 2013 it has been functioning according to the revised legal formula. The objective of the study is to provide a partial answer to the question whether the system, in its new formula, can be regarded as the optimal instrument of the current climate policy. Answering this question two selected, but, crucial optimization criteria were used, i.e. the criterion of environmental effectiveness and the criterion of distribution effects minimization.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 19-26
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emissions from engines fuelled with biofuels
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, A
Grzelak, P. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biofuels
emissions
road transport
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
In recent years, the interest in the use of renewable fuels in transport has increased. This is due to the European Union’s policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These fuels, in addition to the effect of reducing carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases, may increase the emissions of other exhaust components. The article describes the problems of pollutants emissions from the engine exhaust system, related to the use of biofuels in combustion engines or their additives in conventional fuels. The influence of the chemical composition of selected biofuels on the emissions properties of vehicles and their engines will be discussed. The tests results of engines fuelled with selected biofuels, carried out by the authors of the article, will be presented. These tests will be carried out on chassis dynamometer and engine test bench, in standard research tests used in measurements of pollutants emissions like NEDC, ESC, ETC, etc. Furthermore, selected operational parameters of vehicles and engines will be compared with biofuels and conventional fuels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 533-539
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Use of Dedicated System Tools in Integrated Management in Environmental Protection on the Example of LDAR Program
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Arkadiusz
Koziczyński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
fugitive emissions
VOC
LDAR
refinery
petrochemistry
integrated environmental management
Opis:
Fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the chemical industry are, in addition to channelled emissions, an important element of the total emission into the air. The Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program is one of the tools to control this type of emission and is a key component of an integrated approach to environmental management. This paper presents the genesis and general assumptions of LDAR, the methodology of fugitive emissions analysis, including its quantification, an example of how to proceed with the implementation of a comprehensive LDAR system, including tools to support its functioning. The potential environmental and non-environmental benefits of implementing the LDAR program in the refining and petrochemical industry are also presented.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 3; 172-178
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of elevated coolant temperature on the exhaust composition of piston internal - combustion engine
Autorzy:
Krakowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
engine cooling
exhaust emissions
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
There is a tendency to increase the economic efficiency of engine operation and energy efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic combustion products. One way to reduce emissions of toxic components in exhaust gases is raising the coolant boiling point, which requires the simultaneous increase in pressure in the cooling system. Previous studies suggest that such a system can reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases, particularly at low engine load when the engine exhaust temperature is too low to make effective catalytic action. The paper presents the model and experimental test stands to research the cooling system at an elevated temperature of the coolant. The speed and load characteristics of the standard cooling systems and pressure were presented. The research results were designed to determine the effect of elevated temperature in the cooling system on the composition of the gases. The characteristics of the external speed and load were performed with standard cooling systems and pressure. When performing velocity characteristics of the engine was loaded up in the whole range of engine speed from 1000 to 4000 rev/min, while the load characteristics were performed for different values of torque at constant speed in the range from 1500-4000 rpm. The results confirmed the benefits of increasing the temperature of the coolant. The presented characteristics that apply pressure cooling system reduces the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases, particularly at low engine load, in which the engine operates most often in urban conditions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 263-270
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safety Features of the Transport System in the Transition to Industry 4.0
Autorzy:
Makarova, Irina
Shubenkova, Ksenia
Buyvol, Polina
Mavrin, Vadim
Giniyatullin, Ilsur
Magdin, Kirill
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
traffic flows
simulation model
environmental impact
traffic noise
pollutant emissions
Opis:
World trends in the field of intellectualization and digitalization of all activity spheres, caused by the rapid growth of engineering and technology, have caused serious changes in the transport sector. Road transport has a negative impact on the environment, to a large extent this relates to city’s air pollution in urbanization conditions and the vehicle fleet accelerated growth. Reducing the negative vehicles impact on the environment is possible only through the development of integrated solutions for managing the transport system. Goal of this article is to study the applicability of decision support systems and simulation models to predict the possibility of reducing the negative vehicles impact on the environment. The developed simulation models for road network problem areas of the Naberezhnye Chelny city allow us to study the influence of traffic parameters on the volume of harmful substances in vehicles exhaust gases, as well as noise pollution. Using the model, it is also possible to assess the possible reduction in the degree of air pollution when converting engines public transport to natural gas fuel. Model experiments showed the adequacy of the proposed approach.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 86, 4; 79-99
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Techno-economic approach to solar energy systems onboard marine vehicles
Autorzy:
Salem, A. A.
Seddiek, I. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
environmental issues
fuel saving
solar energy
photovoltaic cells
ship emissions
Opis:
The world is facing the challenge of continuously increasing energy consumption. At the same time, the energy resources are getting scarcer. Despite a sudden significant drop of fuel prices worldwide, research activities that focus on reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as a traditional source of energy still have the preference in the field of shipping industry. The use of clean and renewable energies, such as solar energy for instance, is proposed as a method to improve the ship efficiency. Ships can get the benefits from solar energy due to the fact that most of their upper decks are always exposed to the Sun, especially in sunny water regions. The present paper discusses the effectiveness and challenges of installing solar panels for auxiliary power production on board a ship. As a case study, the research evaluates both economic and environmental benefits resulting from implementing such concept aboard a research vessel.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 3; 64-71
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gender Diversity Impact on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the UK
Autorzy:
Konadu, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Corporate Social Responsibility Committee
Environmental Team
GHG emissions
Corporate Governance
Opis:
This study provides further evidence on the relationship between the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee and corporate environmental performance in the United Kingdom. For the purpose of exploring corporate environmental performance, the study uses Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions as the proxies. In the UK, listed companies report their GHG emissions under the three main emissions categories (i.e., Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3) as developed by GHG protocol standards. Using Scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions, the study proposes a negative relationship between the CSR committee and Scope 1 emissions, whereas, a positive link is proposed between CSR committee and Scope 2 emissions. The findings in this study support the hypotheses that scope 1 emission and CSR committees are negatively associated while a positive relationship was found between Scope 2 and CSR committee. Also, this research reveals the significant roles played by the presence of an environmental team and female gender diversity in moderating the CSR committee and GHG emissions relationship. Though, the CSR committee was found to have a positive effect on reducing GHG emissions, the presence of the environmental team had a much significant influence on reducing corporate GHG emissions. The findings are relevant for decision making and corporate governance measures to reduce corporate GHG emissions.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 1
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental Regulation and Renewable Energies: Evidence from Generalized Panel Unconditional Quantile Regression
Autorzy:
Rahmane, Amal
Abdelaoui, Okba
Djouadi, Issam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/33344619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
stringency of environmental policies
environmental taxes
CO2 emissions
production of renewable energies
quantile regression
Opis:
This study aims to measure the impact of environmental regulation on the production of renewable energies in OECD countries from 1990 to 2021. Environmental policies stringency, environmental taxes, and CO2 emissions are variables indicating environmental regulation, which affect renewable energies production. The study relied on unconditional quantitative regression methods. The study found that strict environmental policies do not necessarily enhance renewable energy production in countries with high or low production. Moreover, environmental tax revenues have varying impacts on renewable energy production based on renewable energy production in each country. For countries with below-average levels of renewable energy (Q25), environmental taxes positively affect renewable energy production; however, in countries with high production levels (Q90), environmental taxes show a negative effect. Furthermore, CO2 emissions negatively affect the total production of renewable energy in all quantiles except Q50, whereas R&D spending positively affects renewable energies in all quantiles except Q75. The estimates also showed a significant negative effect of patents on the renewable energy production in quantile Q10. The results underscore the importance of flexibility and adaptability in environmental policies and taxes. Finally, the study indicates that policies must be dynamic and respond to the specificity of each stage of renewable energy development in the studied countries.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 252-268
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparative study on environmental emissions and performance of a stationary type diesel engine fuelled with biodiesels derived from two different feedstocks
Autorzy:
Sairam, K.
Gopinath, A.
Velraj, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
biodiesel
biopaliwo
silniki wysokoprężne
oleje napędowe
paliwa
tlenki azotu
emisja tlenku węgla
silniki Diesla o wtrysku bezpośrednim
zanieczyszczenie środowiska
emisja tlenków azotu
sprawność cieplna
biodiesel fuel
carbon monoxide
diesel engines
diesel fuels
fuels
nitrogen oxides
carbon monoxide emission
direct injection diesel engines
environmental emissions
nitrogen oxides emission
thermal efficiency
Opis:
The objective of the present study was to experimentally investigate environmental emissions and performance of a stationary type diesel engine fuelled with biodiesels derived from two different feedstocks; one is more unsaturated (rice bran biodiesel) and the other one is more saturated in nature (palm biodiesel) and compare with petrodiesel. Tests were conducted in a single cylinder, air cooled, direct injection diesel engine. From the experimental results, it was found that the nitrogen oxides emissions were higher with biodiesel fuels. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions of palm biodiesel were lower than the other test fuels. The smoke emission of rice bran biodiesel was the lowest compared to the rest of the fuels. A considerable reduction in thermal efficiency was found with both the biodiesels when compared to diesel. From the present study, it is concluded that the biodiesels derived from palm and rice bran oils with their different fatty acid composition, show lower exhaust emissions and closer performance characteristics to diesel.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 4; 113-124
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Solution to Reduce Air Environmental Pollution from Ships
Autorzy:
Pham, H.T.
Nguyen, T.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Pollution at Sea
Environment Protection
Ecology, MARPOL
Air Environmental Pollution
Gas Emissions
Exhaust Gas Emissions
Exhaust Gas
Opis:
Exhaust gas emissions from ships are increasingly polluting the air environment seriously. Therefore, the MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI is applied for all ships from 2017, Annex VI provided that the concentrations of NOx,SOx CO contained in ship’s exhaust gases must be less than 6.4 g/kWh, 0.6 g/kWh, and 5.5g/kWh respectively. Today, there are many solutions to reduce pollution emissions from exhaust gas of ships, such as improving combustion, using oil emulsion, using biofuel,…However, these solutions also have a handful of disadventages such as being unable to thoroughly resoulve problems, high cost, and very difficult to improve the quality of ship exhaust gas emissions for old ships. Exhaust gas treatment method uses a centralized treatment system where exhaust gas from the thermal engines is taken in a centralized treatment system before discharging into the air. After centralized treatment system, in comparision with raw exhaust gas, soot can be reduced by 98%, NOx can be reduced by 75%, SOx can be reduced by 80%. This method of treatment is not only low cost, good quality but also make marine heat-engines still use traditional fuels as well as need not improve its structure.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 2; 257-261
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing of an engine fuelled with rapeseed oil
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241524.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
emissions testing
Opis:
Rapeseed oil in a few applications can be used as an engine fuel. Although it has worse properties than its methyl esters, it can be considered as an alternative fuel in engines adapted to its use. The article describes some problems resulting from the use of pure rapeseed oil as a fuel for compression ignition internal combustion engines. Differences between basic physical and chemical properties between diesel oil and rapeseed oil will be discussed and their impact on the theoretical engine performance and emission of pollutants from the exhaust system, with a focus on viscosity of rapeseed oil and the impact of this parameter on the fuel injection process. The basic changes in the engine design to be able to run on the rapeseed oil are discussed. The results of author’s own tests of the engine adapted to operate on the rapeseed oil and its blends with diesel oil carried out on the engine dynamometer test bench are presented. The theoretical assumptions presented in the Introduction were tested experimentally in the dynamometric test. Combination of higher density of rapeseed oil and its smaller stoichiometric value caused by the presence of oxygen and a smaller share of hydrogen in the fuel, means that a larger mass of fuel can be injected into the charge compressed into the cylinder. Thanks to this, the engine powered by rapeseed oil and diesel oil can reach similar powers.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 527-532
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of rational design values for gas-air coolers components of exhaust gases of marine power plants
Autorzy:
Kuznetsova, Svitlana
Kuznetsov, Valerii
Voloshyn, Andrii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34615989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
vessel
marine power plant
environmental parameters
emissions
gas-air cooler
nozzle
Opis:
Modernisation of marine power plants in the transport vessel fleet to satisfy the requirements of the International Maritime Organization is an urgent scientific and technical problem. Currently, the use of catalytic selective filters, dry and wet scrubber systems and exhaust gas recirculation for marine diesel engines is widely used for this purpose. An analysis of the use of ejection gas-air coolers is presented as an additional method of emission reduction. However, the use of such device does not neutralise the harmful emissions of power plant engines, but only increases the volume concentration of their exhaust gases. But this will help to increase the efficiency of dispersion of harmful emissions, by reducing the concentration of harmful emissions to values not exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. Its efficiency depends on the load mode of the diesel engine. It is found that the initial concentration of harmful substances in combustion products due to their dilution with fresh air at 100% engine load is reduced by about 50%. The values of the reduction of the concentration and temperature of exhaust gases with the reduction of the engine load to 75% and 50% depending on the louvre angle are obtained. It is proved that ejection gas-air coolers can be an effective additional means for compliance with modern environmental parameters, especially when vessels are in special areas of the world’s oceans.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2023, 3; 81-88
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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